🔍 20 Pegadinhas ESA — VERB TENSES — 🏛️ B3GE™

 A ESA é previsível:

✔ 1. Rotina militar (Simple Present)

A banca adora confundir candidatos com atividades que parecem temporárias, mas são rotina fixa.

✔ 2. Contraste Present Perfect × Simple Past

Esse é o filé:
• “just”, “already”, “since”, “for”
VS
• “yesterday”, “last week”, “in 2010”

✔ 3. Past Continuous interrompido por Simple Past

A ESA coloca sempre:
→ “was V-ing … when V-ed”.

✔ 4. Uso correto de Past Perfect em narrativas cronológicas

Se tem duas ações antes do passado → é isso que ela vai testar.

✔ 5. Will × Going to

Em frases curtas e diretas, com quase nenhuma dica explícita — você que lute.

✔ 6. Condicionais clássicas

Ela ama:
• “if + will” (proibido)
• confusão entre Second e Third
• mixed sem lógica temporal

✔ 7. Backshift do Reported Speech

Mesmo com verbos simples, ela cobra a regressão.

Padrão Oficial (Item • Exemplo contextual • Pegadinha)

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1. Simple Present – rotina rígida
   • The recruits wake up at 5 a.m. every day.
   • Pegadinha: Colocar “are waking up” por achar que rotina militar é intensificada.

2. Present Continuous – ação temporária
   • The platoon is training in the field this week.
   • Pegadinha: Trocar por Simple Present porque “train” parece habitual.

3. Simple Past – ação concluída
   • The convoy arrived at the base yesterday.
   • Pegadinha: Usar Present Perfect com marcador fechado (“yesterday”).

4. Past Continuous – ação interrompida
   • They were checking equipment when the order came.
   • Pegadinha: Inverter os tempos (usar “was coming”).

5. Present Perfect – resultado atual
   • The team has secured the perimeter, so movement is safe.
   • Pegadinha: Trocar por Simple Past, ignorando o efeito no presente.

6. Present Perfect Continuous – duração
   • The cadets have been marching since dawn.
   • Pegadinha: Colocar Simple Present (“march”) + “since”.

7. Past Perfect – anterioridade clara
   • By the time the sergeant arrived, the unit had formed a line.
   • Pegadinha: Usar “formed” sem o “had”.

8. Past Perfect Continuous – duração pré-passado
   • He had been studying tactics before the test began.
   • Pegadinha: Trocar por “was studying”.

9. Future – Will (decisão imediata)
   • I think the captain will reorganize the mission plan.
   • Pegadinha: Achar que é “is going to” sem evidência.

10. Going To – evidência presente
    • The clouds are dark; it is going to rain during the drill.
    • Pegadinha: Usar “will rain”.

11. Future Continuous – ação em progresso
    • At noon tomorrow, we will be inspecting the barracks.
    • Pegadinha: Trocar por Simple Future.

12. Future Perfect – ação concluída antes de outra
    • By 1800 hours, the scouts will have located the checkpoint.
    • Pegadinha: Usar “will locate”.

13. First Conditional – real
    • If the weather improves, the exercise will continue.
    • Pegadinha: Usar “will” após “if”.

14. Second Conditional – irreal presente
    • If he were more careful, he would avoid mistakes.
    • Pegadinha: Usar “was”.

15. Third Conditional – irreal passado
    • If the squad had followed the command, the accident would have been prevented.
    • Pegadinha: Misturar com Second Conditional.

16. Mixed Conditional – passado → presente
    • If she had rested, she would perform better today.
    • Pegadinha: Colocar tudo no passado.

17. Used to – hábito antigo
    • He used to patrol the area at night.
    • Pegadinha: Usar “would” para ação única.

18. Tense Consistency – narrativa reta
    • The soldiers reached the hilltop and secured the location.
    • Pegadinha: Colocar “have secured”.

19. Reported Speech – backshift
    • He said the map was inaccurate.
    • Pegadinha: Manter “is” depois de verbo no past.

20. Ellipsis – verbo oculto mantém tempo
    • The officer inspected the weapons, and the sergeant had, too.
    • Pegadinha: Colocar “did” ou “has”.