O ITA não faz pegadinha boba. Ele faz pegadinha intelectual, geralmente com foco em coerência temporal, contexto científico e precisão lógica.
Aqui está o DNA das provas:
✔ 1) AMA contexto científico e universal truths
Ele coloca falas com:
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leis físicas
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enunciados matemáticos
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fatos atemporais
E cobra se você sabe que NÃO há backshift.
✔ 2) AMA sequências longas de tempos verbais
Mais ainda quando a mesma frase tem:
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past continuous
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when + simple past
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orações subordinadas
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reported speech
Eles querem ver se você sabe qual parte volta no tempo e qual não volta.
✔ 3) AMA coerência lógica
Se o sentido muda com o backshift, o ITA não deixa você aplicar.
Eles AMAM isso.
✔ 4) AMA perguntas complexas
WH + modal + verbo auxiliar + tempo perfeito.
Exemplo típico de prova real:
“What could you have done differently?”
Eles transformam isso em reported e esperam:
He asked what I could have done differently.
(Ninguém mexe no “could”.)
✔ 5) AMA pronomes e referentes escondidos
Eles colocam falas com vários personagens e querem ver se você troca o pronome corretamente.
✔ 6) AMA precisão cirúrgica em advérbios de tempo
Eles colocam the following week, the next day, the previous month…
E uma alternativa muda UM desses → você erra.
Clássicas de REPORTED SPEECH (Nível ITA, veneno puro)
1) Backshift mesmo quando parece que não precisa
Exemplo: “The Earth revolves around the Sun,” he said. → He said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Pegadinha ITA: aplicar backshift errado: revolved.
(O ITA ama fatos permanentes e universais.)
2) Verbos de estado que NÃO aceitam backshift sem mudança semântica
Exemplo: “I know the answer,” she said → She said she knew the answer.
Pegadinha ITA: She said she knows the answer (quando o contexto exige backshift).
3) Palavras-âncora de tempo
Exemplo: “I met him yesterday.” → He said he had met him the day before.
Pegadinha: manter “yesterday”.
4) Misturar dois tempos no mesmo reported
Exemplo: “I was reading when he arrived.” → He said he had been reading when he arrived.
Pegadinha: had been reading when he had arrived (ITA cobra só o primeiro backshift).
5) Condicionais no discurso indireto
Exemplo: “If it rains, we’ll cancel.” → He said that if it rained, they would cancel.
Pegadinha: manter will depois do if.
6) Pergunta WH sem inversão
Exemplo: “Where did you go?” → He asked where I had gone.
Pegadinha: He asked where did I go.
7) Yes/No questions → if/whether
Exemplo: “Do you like physics?” → He asked if I liked physics.
Pegadinha: He asked if I like physics.
8) Modal verbs especiais (would/could/should/might NÃO mudam)
Exemplo: “I would stay,” she said → She said she would stay.
Pegadinha: would → will.
9) Must → had to (obrigação)
Exemplo: “I must finish this.” → He said he had to finish that.
Pegadinha: must mantido.
10) Imperativos → to + verb
Exemplo: “Stand back!” the officer said → The officer told them to stand back.
Pegadinha: told them that they stand back.
11) Negative imperative → not to
Exemplo: “Don’t touch it!” → He warned them not to touch it.
Pegadinha: to not touch (ITA costuma marcar essa ordem como errada).
12) This/that — mudança obrigatória por contexto
Exemplo: “This problem is difficult,” he said → He said that that problem was difficult.
Pegadinha: manter this.
13) Present perfect → past perfect
Exemplo: “I have worked here for years,” she said → She said she had worked there for years.
Pegadinha: has worked repetido.
14) Past perfect permanece past perfect
Exemplo: “I had finished earlier,” he said → He said he had finished earlier.
Pegadinha: tentar fazer “had had finished”.
15) Misturar tempos com “since”
Exemplo: “I have lived here since 2010.” → He said he had lived there since 2010.
Pegadinha: transformar since 2010 em for 2010.
16) Frases com “Let’s”
Exemplo: “Let’s start now.” → He suggested starting then.
Pegadinha: He suggested to start.
17) Question tags desaparecem no reported
Exemplo: “You finished the test, didn’t you?” → He asked if I had finished the test.
Pegadinha: manter a tag.
18) Contexto científico com reported speech sem backshift
Exemplo: “Water boils at 100°C,” he said → He said that water boils at 100°C.
Pegadinha: boiled (ITA NÃO muda leis científicas).
19) “Here / now / today / next week / tomorrow”
Exemplo: “I’ll do it tomorrow.” → He said he would do it the next day.
Pegadinha: manter “tomorrow”.
20) Reported speech com verbo de percepção
Exemplo: “I saw him leave,” he said → He said he had seen him leave.
Pegadinha: He said he saw him leaving (ITA usa perfect para ação anterior, não mistura aspeto sem razão).
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