🔖 EEAR — InglĂȘs 2024.1 (Aeronavegantes + NĂŁo-navegantes •

❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text and answer questions 25, 26 and 27.
How sleep transformed professional football
Como o sono transformou o futebol profissional

A few decades ago, professional footballers spent their nights partying.
Hå algumas décadas, os jogadores de futebol profissionais passavam as noites em festas.

Now, they are much more aware of the benefits of a good night’s sleep.
Agora, eles estĂŁo muito mais conscientes dos benefĂ­cios de uma noite bem dormida.

The change began in the mid-1990s, when mattress salesman Nick Littlehales contacted the manager of the Manchester United football team, Alex Ferguson, asking whether he had ever considered how sleep affected performance on the pitch.
A mudança começou em meados da década de 1990, quando o vendedor de colchÔes Nick Littlehales contatou o técnico do time de futebol Manchester United, Alex Ferguson, perguntando se ele jå havia considerado como o sono afetava o desempenho em campo.

Interested, Ferguson arranged for Littlehales to give a presentation to his team.
Interessado, Ferguson providenciou para que Littlehales fizesse uma apresentação para sua equipe.

Gradually, club managers began to pay more attention to scientific sleep research, and for good reason. (...)
Gradualmente, os dirigentes dos clubes começaram a prestar mais atenção à investigação científica do sono, e por boas razÔes.

Now, many teams and players are making an effort to improve their sleep patterns, using various means.
Agora, muitas equipes e jogadores estão se esforçando para melhorar seus padrÔes de sono, utilizando diversos meios.

James Milner from Manchester City found it hard to sleep after evening games, so would play computer games into the early hours.
James Milner, do Manchester City, tinha dificuldade para dormir depois dos jogos noturnos, então jogava no computador até de madrugada.

As a result, he was too tired to train the following morning.
Como resultado, ele estava cansado demais para treinar na manhĂŁ seguinte.

Since these interventions are cheap and effective, even the less well-known teams can benefit. (...)
Dado que estas intervençÔes são baratas e eficazes, mesmo as equipas menos conhecidas podem beneficiar.

Whereas in the past, playing after a party and a few hours’ sleep was seen as a badge of honour, a good sleep is now considered an essential part of performance.
Enquanto no passado tocar depois de uma festa e de algumas horas de sono era visto como uma medalha de honra, hoje em dia uma boa noite de sono Ă© considerada uma parte essencial do desempenho.
25 – Choose the opposite to the adjective “cheap” in bold in the fourth paragraph.
(A) expensive
(B) affordable
(C) reasonable
(D) economical
•   Gabarito A  
Escolha o oposto do adjetivo “cheap” (barato) em negrito no quarto parĂĄgrafo.
(A) expensive
caro
(B) affordable
(= not expensive) acessĂ­vel
(C) reasonable
razoĂĄvel
(D) economical
econĂŽmico

26 – Which tag question would be correct for the sentence underlined in the text?
(A) Aren’t they?
(B) Don’t they?
(C) Are they?
(D) Isn’t it?
•   Gabarito A  
(A) Aren’t they?
(B) Don’t they?
(C) Are they?
(D) Isn’t it?
  • Now, many teams and players are making an effort to improve their sleep patterns, aren’t they? 
  • Agora, muitos times e jogadores estĂŁo se esforçando para melhorar seus padrĂ”es de sono, nĂŁo sĂŁo mesmo?
➽ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL:
  • AUXILIAR (da oração principal) + SUJEITO (oração principal) + ?
➽ REGRA GERAL:(pĂłlos de bateria)
  • Se a primeira frase for afirmativa, a "Question Tag" serĂĄ negativa.
  • Se a primeira frase for negativa, a "Question Tag" serĂĄ positiva.
>>SUMMARY CHARTS:

27 – Choose the alternative which best describes the text.

(A) Managers don’t pay too much attention to the players’ sleeping hours.
(B) A good night’s sleep improves the players’ performance on the pitch.
(C) Computer games help players to sleep better.
(D) Partying after a football match is essential.
•   Gabarito B  
Escolha a alternativa que melhor descreve o texto.
(A) Managers don’t pay too much attention to the players’ sleeping hours.
Os treinadores não prestam muita atenção às horas de sono dos jogadores.
(B) A good night’s sleep improves the players’ performance on the pitch.
Uma noite bem dormida melhora o desempenho dos jogadores em campo.
(C) Computer games help players to sleep better.
Os jogos de computador ajudam os jogadores a dormir melhor.
(D) Partying after a football match is essential.
Festejar depois de uma partida de futebol Ă© essencial.
➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] A few decades ago, professional footballers spent their nights partying. Now, they are much more aware of the benefits of a good night’s sleep."
• HĂĄ algumas dĂ©cadas, os jogadores de futebol profissionais passavam as noites em festas. Agora, eles estĂŁo muito mais conscientes dos benefĂ­cios adicionais de uma noite bem dormida.

❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text and answer questions 28, 29, 30 and 31.
The pursuit of happiness can end in pain
A busca pela felicidade pode terminar em dor

Maggie Mulqueen, psychologist
Maggie Mulqueen, psicĂłloga

Focusing on happiness can lead to perfectionistic tendencies as people try to sustain what is actually a brief and elusive emotion.
Concentrar-se na felicidade pode levar a tendĂȘncias perfeccionistas Ă  medida que as pessoas tentam sustentar o que na verdade Ă© uma emoção breve e evasiva.

Instead of promoting happiness as the elixir for life, our society needs to explore how people can find contentment.
Em vez de promover a felicidade como o elixir da vida, a nossa sociedade precisa de explorar como as pessoas podem encontrar contentamento.

Unlike happiness, a state of contentment is long-lasting and provides a strong base for mental health.
Ao contrĂĄrio da felicidade, um estado de contentamento Ă© duradouro e proporciona uma base sĂłlida para a saĂșde mental.

Discovering what makes us feel content and pursuing that help protect us from stress.
Descobrir o que nos faz sentir contentes e buscar isso ajuda a nos proteger do estresse.

The pressure people feel to be happy can also be corrosive to establishing a strong sense of self.
A pressão que as pessoas sentem para serem felizes também pode ser corrosiva para o estabelecimento de um forte senso de identidade.

A patient of mine recently lost 75 pounds.
Um paciente meu, perdeu recentemente 75 quilos.

Everyone who sees her congratulates her and expects her to be happy about this accomplishment.
Todos que a veem a parabenizam e esperam que ela fique feliz com essa conquista.

Rather than being supported by all these compliments, she feels tremendous pressure to present a happy face to the outside world.
Em vez de ser apoiada por todos esses elogios, ela sente uma tremenda pressĂŁo para apresentar uma cara feliz ao mundo exterior.

How gratifying it ___________ for her if people asked “How do you feel?” rather than stating “You must be so happy!”
QuĂŁo gratificante seria ___________ para ela se as pessoas perguntassem “Como vocĂȘ se sente?” em vez de dizer “VocĂȘ deve estar tĂŁo feliz!”
28 – The expression from the text that has the formula ‘adjective+noun’ is
(A) “people asked” - line 16.
(B) “pressure people” - line 9.
(C) “promoting happiness” - line 3.
(D) “perfectionistic tendencies” - line 1 and 2.
•   Gabarito D  
A expressĂŁo do texto que tem a fĂłrmula ‘adjetivo+substantivo’ Ă©
(A) “people asked” - line 16. “se as pessoas perguntassem ”
(B) “pressure people” - line 9. "A pressĂŁo que as pessoas"
(C) “promoting happiness” - line 3. “promover a felicidade”
(D) “perfectionistic tendencies” - line 1 and 2. “tendĂȘncias perfeccionistas”

29 – According to the text, we can infer that
(A) happiness and contentment are different.
(B) finding out contentment is extremely stressful.
(C) happiness lasts for more time than contentment.
(D) one of the author`s patient felt genuinely happy when she received a compliment.
•   Gabarito A  
De acordo com o texto, podemos inferir que
(A) happiness and contentment are different.
felicidade e contentamento sĂŁo diferentes.
(B) finding out contentment is extremely stressful.
descobrir o contentamento Ă© extremamente estressante.
(C) happiness lasts for more time than contentment.
a felicidade dura mais tempo do que o contentamento.
(D) one of the author`s patient felt genuinely happy when she received a compliment.
uma paciente da autora sentiu-se genuinamente feliz ao receber um elogio.
➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] The average consumption per capita is around 3, 5 kilos of rice and 1, 5 kilo of beans."
• O consumo mĂ©dio per capita gira em torno de 3,5 quilos de arroz e 1,5 quilo de feijĂŁo.

30 – Choose the alternative that can replace the underlined word in the text without changing the meaning.
(A) will
(B) may
(C) should
(D) ought to
•   Gabarito B  
Escolha a alternativa que pode substituir a palavra sublinhada no texto sem alterar o significado.
(A) will (ideia de futuro)
(B) may (ideia de grande possibilidade)
(C) should (ideia de dever)
(D) ought to (ideia de dever)
➽ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• Focusing on happiness can lead to perfectionistic tendencies... (ideia contextual - POSSIBILITY)
➽ 5 DICAS RELEVANTES:
(1) Em contexto POSSIBILIDADE, usamos os modais: MAY (possibilidade grande),  MIGHT (possibilidade pequena).
•She may be here.
•She might be here.
(2) COULD pode substituir MAY e MIGHT quando seguido do verbo TO BE.
•She could be here.
(3) Na negativa, para expressar possibilidade, sĂł se pode usar MAY NOT ou MIGHT NOT.
• She may not have arrived.
• She might not have arrived.
(4) COULDN’T nĂŁo expressa a ideia de possibilidade, mas sim para dizer "NÃO CONSEGUIR/CONSEGUIA FAZER ALGO". É usado tambĂ©m para dizer educadamente que vocĂȘ nĂŁo quer mais comida ou bebida:
• She couldn’t carry it. (Ela nĂŁo conseguia carregar.)
•‘ Would you like another piece of pie?’ ‘Oh, no thanks, I couldn’t.’ (VocĂȘ gostaria de outro pedaço de torta?’ ‘Ah, nĂŁo, obrigado, nĂŁo consigo.)
(5) Na interrogativa, para expressar possibilidade, sĂł se pode usar MIGHT e COULD.
• Might she be here?
• Could she be here?

31 – Choose the alternative that fills in the blank with the correct words.
(A) will be
(B) would be
(C) would had had
(D) would have had
•   Gabarito B  
Choose the alternative that fills in the blank with the correct words.
(A) will be
• First conditional = if + present simple >> will + base form.
• If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
(B) would be
• Second conditional = if + past simple >> would + base form.
• If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
(C) would had had (estrutura inexistente no inglĂȘs formal)
(D) would have had
• Third Conditional = if + past perfect >>.would + have + past participle.
• If she had studied more, she would have graduated.
➽ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• How gratifying it would be for her if people asked “How do you feel?” rather than stating “You must be so happy!”
QuĂŁo gratificante seria para ela se as pessoas perguntassem “Como vocĂȘ se sente?” em vez de dizer “VocĂȘ deve estar tĂŁo feliz!”

❑ TEXTO 3: Read the text and answer questions 32, 33, 34, and 35.
The arm of Liberty
O braço da liberdade
Anonymous
AnĂŽnimo
➽1ÂșPARÁGRAFO:
►The Statue of Liberty is probably the ______ icon of the USA.
A EstĂĄtua da Liberdade Ă© provavelmente o Ă­cone ______ dos EUA.
➽2ÂșPARÁGRAFO:
►When the American Civil war ended, Édouard de Laboulaye wanted to commemorate the end of the slave trade with a gift.
Quando terminou a Guerra Civil Americana, Édouard de Laboulaye quis comemorar o fim do tráfico de escravos com um presente.
►He and other people who opposed slavery raised money and hired a sculptor, FrĂ©dĂ©ric-Auguste Bartholdi, to design the Statue.
Ele e outras pessoas que se opunham à escravidão arrecadaram dinheiro e contrataram um escultor, Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, para projetar a eståtua.
►Bartholdi later employed the French engineer, Gustave Eiffel, to devise its structure.
Mais tarde, Bartholdi contratou o engenheiro francĂȘs Gustave Eiffel para projetar sua estrutura.
➽3ÂșPARÁGRAFO:
►Eiffel designed the Statue to be built around a massive metal skeleton, similar to the Eiffel Tower.
Eiffel projetou a estĂĄtua para ser construĂ­da em torno de um enorme esqueleto de metal, semelhante Ă  Torre Eiffel.
►In 2018, a map dealer bought some historic papers at an auction in Paris, which included original plans.
Em 2018, um negociante de mapas comprou alguns documentos histĂłricos num leilĂŁo em Paris, que incluĂ­am plantas originais.
►After special treatment, the papers clearly showed that Eiffel’s plans had been changed by Bartholdi.
ApĂłs tratamento especial, os documentos mostraram claramente que os planos de Eiffel tinham sido alterados por Bartholdi.
➽4ÂșPARÁGRAFO:
►We don’t know what Eiffel thought of Bartholdi’s changes.
Não sabemos o que Eiffel achou das mudanças de Bartholdi.
►By then, Eiffel was working on other projects, and only his assistants were working with Bartholdi.
Naquela época, Eiffel estava trabalhando em outros projetos, e apenas seus assistentes trabalhavam com Bartholdi.
➽5ÂșPARÁGRAFO:
►At first, visitors could climb a ladder to the torch in Liberty’s arm, but in 1916, there was an explosion on a nearby island.
No início, os visitantes podiam subir uma escada até a tocha no braço de Liberty, mas em 1916, houve uma explosão numa ilha próxima.
►It damaged the Statue and made it unsafe, and the stairway to the torch has been closed ever since.
Isso danificou a estĂĄtua e a tornou insegura, e a escada para a tocha estĂĄ fechada desde entĂŁo.
►During restoration work in the 1980s, engineers noticed that the structure inside Liberty’s head, shoulders, and arm were different from how they were shown on Eiffel’s plans.
Durante o trabalho de restauração na década de 1980, os engenheiros notaram que a estrutura dentro da cabeça, ombros e braço de Liberty era diferente de como eram mostradas nas plantas de Eiffel.
►They thought that the builders had made mistakes, but some historians believed that Bartholdi had changed Eiffel’s design.
Eles pensavam que os construtores tinham cometido erros, mas alguns historiadores acreditavam que Bartholdi tinha mudado o desenho de Eiffel.
►The newly discovered papers confirm those theories.
Os artigos recém-descobertos confirmam essas teorias.

32 – The alternative that fills in the blank in the text is
(A) most famous.
(B) more famous.
(C) less famous than.
(D) more famous than
•   Gabarito A  
The alternative that fills in the blank in the text is
(A) most famous. (superlativo)
(B) more famous. (comparativo)
(C) less famous than. (comparativo)
(D) more famous than (comparativo)
➽ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• The Statue of Liberty is probably the most famous icon of the USA.
A EstĂĄtua da Liberdade Ă© provavelmente o Ă­cone mais famoso dos EUA.
➽  PADRÃO DO SUPERLATIVO = "the most + adjective/adverb".
• They’re using the most advanced technology in the world.
• Scafell Pike is the most easily identifiable peak in the Lake District.

33 – Choose the best alternative according to the text:
(A) Bartholdi made changes in Eiffel’s plans while designing the Statue of Liberty.
(B) Eiffel dedicated his work exclusively to the Statue of Liberty the whole process.
(C) Eiffel designed the Statue of Liberty by himself.
(D) Eiffel didn´t enjoy Bartholdi’s changes.
•   Gabarito A  
Choose the best alternative according to the text:
Escolha a melhor alternativa de acordo com o texto:
(A) Bartholdi made changes in Eiffel’s plans while designing the Statue of Liberty.
Bartholdi fez alteraçÔes nos planos de Eiffel ao projetar a Eståtua da Liberdade.
►CORRETA, de acordo com o trecho:
  • •"[...] After special treatment, the papers clearly showed that Eiffel’s plans had been changed by Bartholdi."
  • ApĂłs tratamento especial, os documentos mostraram claramente que os planos de Eiffel tinham sido alterados por Bartholdi.
(B) Eiffel dedicated his work exclusively to the Statue of Liberty the whole process.
Eiffel dedicou todo o seu trabalho exclusivamente Ă  EstĂĄtua da Liberdade.
(C) Eiffel designed the Statue of Liberty by himself.
Eiffel projetou sozinho a EstĂĄtua da Liberdade.
(D) Eiffel didn´t enjoy Bartholdi’s changes.
Eiffel não gostou das mudanças de Bartholdi.

34 – Choose the best alternative according to the text.
(A) Gustave Eiffel was the engineer present in the whole process of building the Statue of Liberty.
(B) Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi was the engineer who designed the Statue of Liberty.
(C) The stairway to the torch is now available for the public.
(D) The Statue of Liberty was harmed by an explosion.
•   Gabarito D  
Choose the best alternative according to the text.
Escolha a melhor alternativa de acordo com o texto.
(A) Gustave Eiffel was the engineer present in the whole process of building the Statue of Liberty.
Gustave Eiffel foi o engenheiro presente em todo o processo de construção da Eståtua da Liberdade.
(B) Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi was the engineer who designed the Statue of Liberty.
Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi foi o engenheiro que projetou a Eståtua da Liberdade.
(C) The stairway to the torch is now available for the public.
A escada para a tocha jĂĄ estĂĄ disponĂ­vel ao pĂșblico.
(D) The Statue of Liberty was harmed by an explosion.
A EstĂĄtua da Liberdade foi danificada por uma explosĂŁo.
►CORRETA, de acordo com o trecho:
  • "[...] At first, visitors could climb a ladder to the torch in Liberty’s arm, but in 1916, there was an explosion on a nearby island. It damaged the Statue and made it unsafe, and the stairway to the torch has been closed ever since.
  • No inĂ­cio, os visitantes podiam subir uma escada atĂ© a tocha no braço de Liberty, mas em 1916, houve uma explosĂŁo numa ilha prĂłxima. Isso danificou a estĂĄtua e a tornou insegura, e a escada para a tocha estĂĄ fechada desde entĂŁo.
35 – Choose the alternative which refers to the pronoun “They” in bold in the text.
(A) historians
(B) shoulders
(C) engineers
(D) plans
•   Gabarito C  
Choose the alternative which refers to the pronoun “They” in bold in the text.
Escolha a alternativa que se refere ao pronome “They” em negrito no texto.
(A) historians
historiadores
(B) shoulders
ombros
(C) engineers
engenheiros
(D) plans
planos
►JUSTIFICATIVA:
"[...] During restoration work in the 1980s, engineers noticed that the structure inside Liberty’s head, shoulders, and arm were different from how they were shown on Eiffel’s plans. They thought that the builders had made mistakes, but some historians believed that Bartholdi had changed Eiffel’s design. The newly discovered papers confirm those theories."
Durante o trabalho de restauração na década de 1980, os engenheiros notaram que a estrutura dentro da cabeça, ombros e braço de Liberty era diferente de como eram mostradas nas plantas de Eiffel. Eles (engenheiros) pensavam que os construtores tinham cometido erros, mas alguns historiadores acreditavam que Bartholdi tinha mudado o desenho de Eiffel. Os artigos recém-descobertos confirmam essas teorias.

❑ TEXTO 4: Read the text and answer questions 36, 37, 38, and 39.
From space, astronaut sounds the alarm about climate crisis
Do espaço, astronauta då o alarme sobre crise climåtica

The Associated Press

A French astronaut has used a video call from space to sound the alarm about worsening repercussions from climate change that he can see ______ the International Space Station.
Um astronauta francĂȘs usou uma videochamada do espaço para soar o alarme sobre o agravamento das repercussĂ”es das mudanças climĂĄticas que ele pode ver ______ a Estação Espacial Internacional.

Entire regions of Earth in flames.
RegiÔes inteiras da Terra em chamas.

Storms trailing destruction in their wake.
Tempestades que deixam um rasto de destruição.

And the haunting fragility of humanity’s only home floating like a blue - but also tarnished - pearl in the vastness of space.
E a assombrosa fragilidade do Ășnico lar da humanidade flutuando como uma pĂ©rola azul - mas tambĂ©m manchada - na vastidĂŁo do espaço.

Through the portholes ______ the International Space Station, French astronaut Thomas Pesquet has an arresting view of global warming’s repercussions.
AtravĂ©s das vigias ______ da Estação Espacial Internacional, o astronauta francĂȘs Thomas Pesquet tem uma visĂŁo impressionante das repercussĂ”es do aquecimento global.

He used a video call from space to sound the alarm Thursday, as negotiators, government officials and activists continued meeting at a U.N. climate conference in Glasgow, Scotland.
Ele usou uma videochamada do espaço para soar o alarme na quinta-feira, enquanto negociadores, funcionĂĄrios do governo e ativistas continuavam a se reunir em uma conferĂȘncia climĂĄtica da ONU em Glasgow, na EscĂłcia.

“We see the pollution of rivers, atmospheric pollution, things like that.”
“Vemos a poluição dos rios, a poluição atmosfĂ©rica, coisas assim.” 

“We saw entire regions burning from the space station, ______ Canada, in California,” he said.
“Vimos regiĂ”es inteiras queimando a partir da estação espacial, no CanadĂĄ, na CalifĂłrnia”, disse ele.

“We saw all of California covered ______ a cloud of smoke and flames with the naked eye from 400 kilometers (250 miles) up.”
Vimos toda a CalifĂłrnia coberta por ______ uma nuvem de fumaça e chamas a olho nu, a 400 quilĂŽmetros (250 milhas) de altura.”
36 – According to the text,
(A) during a video call, the French astronaut talked to government officials at a United Nations climate conference in France about what he had seen.
(B) the astronaut could see smoke and flames in California from the Space Station without using a piece of equipment.
(C) from the Space Station, it is possible to see pollution and violence of humans against humans.
(D) the astronaut describes the Earth as a vivid blue precious stone floating in the space.
•   Gabarito B  
According to the text,
De acordo com o texto,
(A) during a video call, the French astronaut talked to government officials at a United Nations climate conference in France about what he had seen.
durante uma videochamada, o astronauta francĂȘs conversou com autoridades do governo numa conferĂȘncia climĂĄtica das NaçÔes Unidas em França sobre o que tinha visto.
(B) the astronaut could see smoke and flames in California from the Space Station without using a piece of equipment.
o astronauta pÎde ver fumaça e chamas na Califórnia a partir da Estação Espacial sem usar um equipamento.
►CORRETA, de acordo com o trecho:
  • "[...] “We saw entire regions burning from the space station, in Canada, in California,” he said. “We saw all of California covered by a cloud of smoke and flames with the naked eye from 400 kilometers (250 miles) up.”
  • “Vimos regiĂ”es inteiras queimando a partir da estação espacial, no CanadĂĄ, na CalifĂłrnia”, disse ele.
  • Vimos toda a CalifĂłrnia coberta por uma nuvem de fumaça e chamas a olho nu, a 400 quilĂŽmetros (250 milhas) de altura.”
(C) from the Space Station, it is possible to see pollution and violence of humans against humans.
da Estação Espacial Ă© possĂ­vel ver poluição e violĂȘncia de humanos contra humanos.
(D) the astronaut describes the Earth as a vivid blue precious stone floating in the space.
o astronauta descreve a Terra como uma pedra preciosa azul vívida flutuando no espaço.

37 – The underlined expression in the text is similiar in meaning to
(A) calm down.
(B) rescue.
(C) save.
(D) warn.
•   Gabarito D  
The underlined expression in the text is similiar in meaning to
A expressĂŁo sublinhada no texto tem significado semelhante a
(A) calm down.
acalmar.
(B) rescue.
resgatar.
(C) save.
salvar.
(D) warn.
avisar.

38 – The word from the text that has an irregular plural form is
(A) change.
(B) climate.
(C) crisis.
(D) pearl
•   Gabarito C  
The word from the text that has an irregular plural form is
(A) change. (changes)(Plural Regular - Adiciona-se "s")
(B) climate. (climates)(Plural Regular - Adiciona-se "s")
(C) crisis. (crises) (Plural Irregular - troca-se o "IS" por "ES")
(D) pearl (pearls) (Plural Regular - Adiciona-se "s")
➽REGRA GRAMATICAL:
Se o substantivo terminar em IS, mudamos para ES. Palavras que terminam em IS geralmente tĂȘm raiz grega.

39 – Mark the alternative that contains the correct sequence of words to complete the text.
(A) from - of - in - by
(B) by - from - of - in
(C) in - by - from - of
(D) of - in - by - from
•   Gabarito A  
Mark the alternative that contains the correct sequence of words to complete the text.
(A) from - of - in - by
(B) by - from - of - in
(C) in - by - from - of
(D) of - in - by - from

❑ TEXTO 5: Read the text and answer questions 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44.
Kids can show anxiety symptoms early on
As crianças podem apresentar sintomas de ansiedade desde o início
Kristen Rogers - CNN
➽1ÂșPARÁGRAFO:
►Excessive clinginess to parents can be a sign a child is struggling with an anxiety disorder, experts have said. (...)
O apego excessivo aos pais pode ser um sinal de que uma criança estå lutando contra um transtorno de ansiedade, disseram especialistas.
►Anxiety disorders are marked by persistent and excessive worries.
Os transtornos de ansiedade são marcados por preocupaçÔes persistentes e excessivas.
►While someone with generalized anxiety might worry about various everyday things, someone with social anxiety typically has ‘intense or persistent fears or worries about being judged negatively by other people’, said Rachel Busman, a New York-based clinical psychologist and cognitive and behavioral consultant _______ specialized in anxiety.
Embora alguĂ©m com ansiedade generalizada possa se preocupar com vĂĄrias coisas do dia a dia, alguĂ©m com ansiedade social normalmente tem “medos ou preocupaçÔes intensas ou persistentes de ser julgado negativamente por outras pessoas”, disse Rachel Busman, psicĂłloga clĂ­nica radicada em Nova York e consultora cognitiva e comportamental QUE se especializou em ansiedade.
►One fifth of children worldwide have anxiety symptoms that are clinically elevated, or worse than what is considered normal, according to a 2011 study. Um quinto das crianças em todo o mundo apresenta sintomas de ansiedade clinicamente elevados ou piores do que o considerado normal, de acordo com um estudo de 2011.
►Anxiety symptoms can be difficult to spot, but the sooner parents notice signs, the earlier mental health professionals ‘can help parents and kids understand what is happening’, said Dr. Rebecca Baum, a professor of general pediatrics and adolescent medicine at the University of North Carolina.
Os sintomas de ansiedade podem ser difĂ­ceis de detectar, mas quanto mais cedo os pais notarem os sinais, mais cedo os profissionais de saĂșde mental “poderĂŁo ajudar os pais e os filhos a compreender o que estĂĄ a acontecer”, disse a Dra. Rebecca Baum, professora de pediatria geral e medicina do adolescente na Universidade de Carolina do Norte.
►Children with anxiety might begin to avoid anxietyinducing situations.
Crianças com ansiedade podem começar a evitar situaçÔes que induzam à ansiedade.
►This behavior can facilitate a cycle that makes their fears bigger and bigger.
Esse comportamento pode facilitar um ciclo que torna seus medos cada vez maiores.

40 – Which word can substitute ‘clinginess’ (line 1) without changing the meaning?
(A) Discipline. 
(B) Dependence
(C) Disobedience.
(D) Disconnection.
•   Gabarito B  
Which word can substitute ‘clinginess’ (line 1) without changing the meaning?
Qual palavra pode substituir ‘apego’ (linha 1) sem alterar o significado?
(A) Discipline.Disciplina.
/'dÉȘs.ə.plÉȘn/
(B) Dependence DependĂȘncia
/dÉȘ'pen.dəns/
(C) Disobedience. DesobediĂȘncia.
/ˌdÉȘs.ə'biː.di.əns/
(D) Disconnection. DesconexĂŁo, desligamento.
/dÉȘskə'nek.ʃən/
➽JUSTIFICATIVA:
  • [...] Excessive clinginess to parents can be a sign a child is struggling with an anxiety disorder, experts have said.
  • O apego excessivo aos pais pode ser um sinal de que a criança estĂĄ enfrentando um transtorno de ansiedade, dizem os especialistas.
  • clinginess (apego, dependĂȘncia)(substantivo)
41 – Read the statements.
  • I- Anxiety symptoms are often easy to identify.
  • II- Avoiding situations that induce anxiety can make fears increase.
  • III- Excessive and frequent preoccupation are signs of anxiety disorder.
  • IV- Someone socially anxious is not afraid to be negatively judged by people.
The correct information, according to the text, can be found in sentences
(A) I e II.
(B) I e IV.
(C) II e III.
(D) III e IV.
•   Gabarito C  
I - Anxiety symptoms are often easy to identify.
Os sintomas de ansiedade sĂŁo muitas vezes fĂĄceis de identificar. (FALSA)
  • "[...] Anxiety symptoms can be difficult to spot,,"
II - Avoiding situations that induce anxiety can make fears increase.
Evitar situaçÔes que induzam ansiedade pode fazer com que os medos aumentem. (VERDADEIRA)
  • "[...] Children with anxiety might begin to avoid anxietyinducing situations. This behavior can facilitate a cycle that makes their fears bigger and bigger.
  • Crianças com ansiedade podem começar a evitar situaçÔes que induzam Ă  ansiedade. Esse comportamento pode facilitar um ciclo que torna seus medos cada vez maiores.
III - Excessive and frequent preoccupation are signs of anxiety disorder.
Preocupação excessiva e frequente sĂŁo sinais de transtorno de ansiedade. (VERDADEIRA)
  • "[...] Anxiety disorders are marked by persistent and excessive worries.
  • Os transtornos de ansiedade sĂŁo marcados por preocupaçÔes persistentes e excessivas.
IV - Someone socially anxious is not afraid to be negatively judged by people.
Alguém socialmente ansioso não tem medo de ser julgado negativamente pelas pessoas. (FALSA)
  • "[...] someone with social anxiety typically has ‘intense or persistent fears or worries about being judged negatively by other people’​"
  • alguĂ©m com ansiedade social normalmente tem “medos ou preocupaçÔes intensas ou persistentes de ser julgado negativamente por outras pessoas.
42 – Choose the alternative that has the correct passive form of the sentence in bold in the text.

(A) Anxiety disorders have marked persistent and excessive worries.
(B) Persistent and excessive worries marked anxiety disorders.
(C) Persistent and excessive worries mark anxiety disorders.
(D) Anxiety disorders mark persistent and excessive worries.
•   Gabarito C  
Choose the alternative that has the correct passive form of the sentence in bold in the text.
(A) Anxiety disorders have marked persistent and excessive worries. (Present Perfect)
(B) Persistent and excessive worries marked anxiety disorders. (Past Simple)
(C) Persistent and excessive worries mark anxiety disorders. (Present Simple)
(D) Anxiety disorders mark persistent and excessive worries.
➽JUSTIFICATIVA:
• [...] Anxiety disorders are marked by persistent and excessive worries.
QuestĂŁo de gramĂĄtica, e exige do aluno o conhecimento da estrutura padrĂŁo do Passive Voice (TO BE + Past Participle) bem como. o conhecimento da REGRA GRAMATICA que diz que o tempo verbal da voz ativa É O MESMO empregado na voz passiva.
"Present Simple" Ă© o tempo verbal da sentença “Anxiety disorders are marked by persistent and excessive worries.” em questĂŁo.
Sendo assim, a opção "C" estå correta pois encontramos a forma verbal "mark", no "Present Simple", fazendo a concordùncia adequada com o sujeito composto "Persistent and excessive worries".
(A) Anxiety disorders have marked persistent and excessive worries. (Present Perfect)
(B) Persistent and excessive worries marked anxiety disorders. (Past Simple)
(C) Persistent and excessive worries mark anxiety disorders. (Present Simple)
(D) Anxiety disorders mark persistent and excessive worries.

43 – The correct word that completes the text is
(A) who.
(B) which.
(C) whom.
(D) whose.
•   Gabarito A  
(A) who.
(B) which.
(C) whom.
(D) whose.

>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA :
  • "[...] said Rachel Busman, a New York-based clinical psychologist and cognitive and behavioral consultant who specialized in anxiety."
  • disse Rachel Busman, psicĂłloga clĂ­nica radicada em Nova York e consultora cognitiva e comportamental QUE se especializou em ansiedade.
  • "WHO" refere-se a pessoa (Rachel Busman) e funciona como sujeito da "relative clause" (who specialized in anxiety.).
>> SUMMARY CHART (Fonte: www.javatpoint.com):

44 – The underlined word in the text is the comparative form of the adjective
(A) bad.
(B) real.
(C) good.
(D) weird.
•   Gabarito A  
The underlined word in the text is the comparative form of the adjective
(A) bad.
(B) real.
(C) good.
(D) weird.

❑ TEXTO 6: Read the text and answer questions 45, 46, and 47.
Garfield by Jim Davis http://www.garfield.com
➽TRADUÇÃO DA TIRINHA:
➧ 1Âș QUADRINHO: (Garfield e Odie ouvindo a historinha contada por Jon)
➭ JON: Once upon a time there was a house with a man, a dog and a cat. – Era uma vez uma casa com um homem, um cachorro e um gato.
➧ 2Âș QUADRINHO: (Jon descreve os personagens da histĂłria)
➭ GARFIELD: The man was thin, the dog was happy, and o cat was fat. – O homem era magro, o cachorro estava feliz e o gato era gordo.
➧ 3Âș QUADRINHO: (Jon faz semelhanças entre a histĂłria do livro e os fatos ocorridos pela manhĂŁ.)
➭ JON: Then the cat ate my breakfast, and the dog chewed up my suppers this morning. – EntĂŁo o gato comeu meu cafĂ© da manhĂŁ e o cachorro mastigou os meu jantares esta manhĂŁ.
➭ ODIE: This sounds familiar. – Isso parece familiar.
• ONCE UPON A TIME (idiom) – at some time in the past – Ă© a forma tradicional de começar um conto de fadas.

45 – The verbs “was”, “ate” and “chewed” are in the
(A) present perfect form.
(B) simple present form.
(C) past perfect form.
(D) simple past form.
•   Gabarito D  
The verbs “was”, “ate” and “chewed” are in the
(A) present perfect form.
(B) simple present form.
(C) past perfect form.
(D) simple past form.
➽JUSTIFICATIVA:
Os verbos “was”, “ate” e “chewed” estĂŁo no passado simples.
• to be (ser, estar, ficar)
• to eat (comer)
• to chew (mastigar)

46 – According to the comic strip, we can conclude that
(A) there were similarities between the story in the book and the facts which happened in the morning.
(B) the dog is static since he did nothing in the morning.
(C) the cat is astonished by the overcome of the story.
(D) the man is pleased with his pets.
•   Gabarito A  
(A) there were similarities between the story in the book and the facts which happened in the morning.
havia semelhanças entre a história do livro e os fatos ocorridos pela manhã.
(B) the dog is static since he did nothing in the morning.
o cachorro estĂĄ estĂĄtico porque nĂŁo fez nada pela manhĂŁ.
(C) the cat is astonished by the overcome of the story.
o gato fica surpreso com a superação da história.
(D) the man is pleased with his pets.
o homem estå satisfeito com seus animais de estimação.
➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
  • JON: Then the cat ate my breakfast, and the dog chewed up my suppers this morning.
  • EntĂŁo o gato comeu meu cafĂ© da manhĂŁ e o cachorro mastigou os meu jantares esta manhĂŁ.
47 – Choose the alternative that contains the plural form of the following words from the comic strip:
  • man - cat - dog
(A) mans - cats - dogs
(B) mans - cat - dogs
(C) men - cats - dogs
(D) men - cats - dog
•   Gabarito C  
  • man - cat - dog
(A) mans - cats - dogs
(B) mans - cat - dogs
(C) men - cats - dogs
(D) men - cats - dog

48 – Read the comic strip.
The only alternative that does not express a contrary idea to complete the sentence is

(A) but.
(B) thus.
(C) however.
(D) nonetheless.
•   Gabarito B  
The only alternative that does not express a contrary idea to complete the sentence is
A Ășnica alternativa que nĂŁo expressa ideia contrĂĄria para completar a frase Ă©
(A) but. mas. (expressa ideia contrĂĄria)
(B) thus. assim. (expressa ideia de conclusĂŁo)
(C) however. no entanto. (expressa ideia contrĂĄria)
(D) nonetheless.  mesmo assim. (expressa ideia contrĂĄria)
➽COMMON SYNONYMS: but | however | nonetheless.
  • We can't always have what we want in life; however/but/nonetheless I still hold on to the hope that somebody, somewhere will love me someday.
  • Nem sempre podemos ter o que queremos na vida; entretanto/mas/no entanto, ainda tenho a esperança de que alguĂ©m, em algum lugar, me ame algum dia.

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