Postagens
www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• CETRO-2014-AEB-ASSISTENTE EM C&T-19/04/2014.
www.cetroconcursos.com.br
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 8 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto – | NASA Mission Points to Origin of “Ocean of Storms” on Earth’s Moon | nasa.gov |
❑ TEXTO: Read the text below to answer questions 13-16:
NASA Mission Points to Origin of “Ocean of Storms” on
Earth’s Moon
Using data from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior
Laboratory (GRAIL), mission scientists have solved a lunar
mystery almost as old as the moon itself.
Early theories suggested the craggy outline of a region of
the moon’s surface known as Oceanus Procellarum, or the
Ocean of Storms, was caused by an asteroid impact. If this
theory had been correct, the basin it formed would be the
largest asteroid impact basin on the moon. However,
mission scientists studying GRAIL data believe they have
found evidence the craggy outline of this rectangular region
– roughly 1,600 miles (2,600 kilometers) across – is
actually the result of the formation of ancient rift valleys.
“The nearside of the moon has been studied for centuries,
and yet continues to offer up surprises for scientists with
the right tools,” said Maria Zuber, principal investigator of
NASA’s GRAIL mission, from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge. “We interpret the gravity
anomalies discovered by GRAIL as part of the lunar
magma plumbing system – the conduits that fed lava to the
surface during ancient volcanic eruptions.”
The surface of the moon’s nearside is dominated by a
unique area called the Procellarum region, characterized
by low elevations, unique composition, and numerous
ancient volcanic plains.
The rifts are buried beneath dark volcanic plains on the
nearside of the moon and have been detected only in the
gravity data provided by GRAIL. The lava-flooded rift
valleys are unlike anything found anywhere else on the
moon and may at one time have resembled rift zones on
Earth, Mars and Venus. The findings are published online
in the journal Nature.
Another theory arising from recent data analysis suggests
this region formed as a result of churning deep in the
interior of the moon that led to a high concentration of heatproducing radioactive elements in the crust and mantle of
this region. Scientists studied the gradients in gravity data
from GRAIL, which revealed a rectangular shape in
resulting gravitational anomalies.
“The rectangular pattern of gravity anomalies was
completely unexpected,” said Jeff Andrews-Hanna, a
GRAIL co-investigator at the Colorado School of Mines in
Golden, Colorado, and lead author of the paper. “Using the
gradients in the gravity data to reveal the rectangular
pattern of anomalies, we can now clearly and completely
see structures that were only hinted at by surface
observations.”
The rectangular pattern, with its angular corners and
straight sides, contradicts the theory that Procellarum is an
ancient impact basin, since such an impact would create a
circular basin. Instead, the new research suggests
processes beneath the moon’s surface dominated the
evolution of this region.
Over time, the region would cool and contract, pulling
away from its surroundings and creating fractures similar to
the cracks that form in mud as it dries out, but on a much
larger scale.
The study also noted a surprising similarity between the
rectangular pattern of structures on the moon, and those
surrounding the south polar region of Saturn’s icy moon
Enceladus. Both patterns appear to be related to volcanic
and tectonic processes operating on their respective
worlds.
“Our gravity data are opening up a new chapter of lunar
history, during which the moon was a more dynamic place
than suggested by the cratered landscape that is visible to
the naked eye,” said Andrews-Hanna. “More work is
needed to understand the cause of this newfound pattern
of gravity anomalies, and the implications for the history of
the moon.”
Launched as GRAIL A and GRAIL B in September 2011,
the probes, renamed Ebb and Flow, operated in a nearly
circular orbit near the poles of the moon at an altitude of
about 34 miles (55 kilometers) until their mission ended in
December 2012. The distance between the twin probes
changed slightly as they flew over areas of greater and
lesser gravity caused by visible features, such as
mountains and craters, and by masses hidden beneath the
lunar surface.
The twin spacecraft flew in a nearly circular orbit until the
end of the mission on December 17, 2012, when the
probes intentionally were sent into the moon’s surface.
NASA later named the impact site in honor of late
astronaut Sally K. Ride, who was America’s first woman in
space and a member of the GRAIL mission team.
GRAIL’s prime and extended science missions generated
the highest resolution gravity field map of any celestial
body. The map will provide a better understanding of how
Earth and other rocky planets in the solar system formed
and evolved.
The GRAIL mission was managed by NASA’s Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, for
NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The
mission was part of the Discovery Program managed at
NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville,
Alabama. GRAIL was built by Lockheed Martin Space
Systems in Denver.
Available in: http://www.nasa.gov
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO:
NASA Mission Points to Origin of “Ocean of Storms” on Earth’s Moon
Missão da NASA aponta origem do “oceano de tempestades” na Lua da Terra
Using data from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL), mission scientists have solved a lunar mystery almost as old as the moon itself.
Usando dados do Laboratório de Recuperação de Gravidade e Interior (GRAIL) da NASA, os cientistas da missão resolveram um mistério lunar quase tão antigo quanto a própria lua.
Early theories suggested the craggy outline of a region of the moon’s surface known as Oceanus Procellarum, or the Ocean of Storms, was caused by an asteroid impact. If this theory had been correct, the basin it formed would be the largest asteroid impact basin on the moon.
As primeiras teorias sugeriam que o contorno escarpado de uma região da superfície da lua conhecida como Oceanus Procellarum, ou Oceano das Tempestades, foi causado pelo impacto de um asteróide. Se esta teoria estivesse correta, a bacia formada seria a maior bacia de impacto de asteroides na Lua.
However, mission scientists studying GRAIL data believe they have found evidence the craggy outline of this rectangular region – roughly 1,600 miles (2,600 kilometers) across – is actually the result of the formation of ancient rift valleys.
No entanto, os cientistas da missão que estudam os dados do GRAIL acreditam ter encontrado evidências de que o contorno escarpado desta região retangular – com cerca de 2.600 quilómetros de diâmetro – é na verdade o resultado da formação de antigos vales em fendas.
“The nearside of the moon has been studied for centuries, and yet continues to offer up surprises for scientists with the right tools,” said Maria Zuber, principal investigator of NASA’s GRAIL mission, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
“O lado mais próximo da Lua tem sido estudado há séculos, mas continua a oferecer surpresas para os cientistas com as ferramentas certas”, disse Maria Zuber, investigadora principal da missão GRAIL da NASA, do Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts, Cambridge.
“We interpret the gravity anomalies discovered by GRAIL as part of the lunar magma plumbing system – the conduits that fed lava to the surface during ancient volcanic eruptions.”
“Interpretamos as anomalias gravitacionais descobertas pelo GRAIL como parte do sistema de encanamento do magma lunar – os condutos que alimentavam a lava na superfície durante antigas erupções vulcânicas.”
The surface of the moon’s nearside is dominated by a unique area called the Procellarum region, characterized by low elevations, unique composition, and numerous ancient volcanic plains.
A superfície do lado próximo da Lua é dominada por uma área única chamada região Procellarum, caracterizada por baixas elevações, composição única e numerosas planícies vulcânicas antigas.
The rifts are buried beneath dark volcanic plains on the nearside of the moon and have been detected only in the gravity data provided by GRAIL.
As fendas estão enterradas sob planícies vulcânicas escuras no lado mais próximo da Lua e foram detectadas apenas nos dados de gravidade fornecidos pelo GRAIL.
The lava-flooded rift valleys are unlike anything found anywhere else on the moon and may at one time have resembled rift zones on Earth, Mars and Venus. The findings are published online in the journal Nature.
Os vales em fendas inundados de lava são diferentes de tudo o que foi encontrado em qualquer outro lugar da Lua e podem ter se assemelhado a zonas de fenda na Terra, Marte e Vênus. As descobertas são publicadas online na revista Nature.
Another theory arising from recent data analysis suggests this region formed as a result of churning deep in the interior of the moon that led to a high concentration of heatproducing radioactive elements in the crust and mantle of this region.
Outra teoria decorrente de análises de dados recentes sugere que esta região se formou como resultado de uma agitação profunda no interior da lua que levou a uma alta concentração de elementos radioativos produtores de calor na crosta e no manto desta região.
Scientists studied the gradients in gravity data from GRAIL, which revealed a rectangular shape in resulting gravitational anomalies.
Os cientistas estudaram os gradientes nos dados gravitacionais do GRAIL, que revelaram uma forma retangular nas anomalias gravitacionais resultantes.
“The rectangular pattern of gravity anomalies was completely unexpected,” said Jeff Andrews-Hanna, a GRAIL co-investigator at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado, and lead author of the paper.
“O padrão retangular das anomalias gravitacionais foi completamente inesperado”, disse Jeff Andrews-Hanna, co-investigador do GRAIL na Escola de Minas do Colorado em Golden, Colorado, e autor principal do artigo.
“Using the gradients in the gravity data to reveal the rectangular pattern of anomalies, we can now clearly and completely see structures that were only hinted at by surface observations.”
“Usando os gradientes nos dados gravitacionais para revelar o padrão retangular de anomalias, podemos agora ver clara e completamente estruturas que apenas foram sugeridas por observações de superfície.”
The rectangular pattern, with its angular corners and straight sides, contradicts the theory that Procellarum is an ancient impact basin, since such an impact would create a circular basin.
O padrão retangular, com seus cantos angulares e lados retos, contradiz a teoria de que Procellarum é uma antiga bacia de impacto, uma vez que tal impacto criaria uma bacia circular.
Instead, the new research suggests processes beneath the moon’s surface dominated the evolution of this region.
Em vez disso, a nova investigação sugere que os processos abaixo da superfície da Lua dominaram a evolução desta região.
Over time, the region would cool and contract, pulling away from its surroundings and creating fractures similar to the cracks that form in mud as it dries out, but on a much larger scale.
Com o tempo, a região iria arrefecer e contrair-se, afastando-se dos seus arredores e criando fracturas semelhantes às fissuras que se formam na lama à medida que seca, mas numa escala muito maior.
The study also noted a surprising similarity between the rectangular pattern of structures on the moon, and those surrounding the south polar region of Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus.
O estudo também notou uma surpreendente semelhança entre o padrão retangular das estruturas da Lua e aquelas que rodeiam a região polar sul da lua gelada de Saturno, Enceladus.
Both patterns appear to be related to volcanic and tectonic processes operating on their respective worlds.
Ambos os padrões parecem estar relacionados com processos vulcânicos e tectónicos que operam nos seus respectivos mundos.
“Our gravity data are opening up a new chapter of lunar history, during which the moon was a more dynamic place than suggested by the cratered landscape that is visible to the naked eye,” said Andrews-Hanna.
“Os nossos dados gravitacionais estão a abrir um novo capítulo da história lunar, durante o qual a Lua era um local mais dinâmico do que o sugerido pela paisagem de crateras visível a olho nu”, disse Andrews-Hanna.
“More work is needed to understand the cause of this newfound pattern of gravity anomalies, and the implications for the history of the moon.”
“É necessário mais trabalho para compreender a causa deste novo padrão de anomalias gravitacionais e as implicações para a história da Lua.”
Launched as GRAIL A and GRAIL B in September 2011, the probes, renamed Ebb and Flow, operated in a nearly circular orbit near the poles of the moon at an altitude of about 34 miles (55 kilometers) until their mission ended in December 2012.
Lançadas como GRAIL A e GRAIL B em Setembro de 2011, as sondas, renomeadas Ebb e Flow, operaram numa órbita quase circular perto dos pólos da Lua, a uma altitude de cerca de 34 milhas (55 quilómetros) até a sua missão terminar em Dezembro de 2012.
The distance between the twin probes changed slightly as they flew over areas of greater and lesser gravity caused by visible features, such as mountains and craters, and by masses hidden beneath the lunar surface.
A distância entre as sondas gêmeas mudou ligeiramente à medida que voavam sobre áreas de maior e menor gravidade causadas por características visíveis, como montanhas e crateras, e por massas escondidas sob a superfície lunar.
The twin spacecraft flew in a nearly circular orbit until the end of the mission on December 17, 2012, when the probes intentionally were sent into the moon’s surface.
As naves gêmeas voaram em uma órbita quase circular até o final da missão em 17 de dezembro de 2012, quando as sondas foram intencionalmente enviadas para a superfície da lua.
NASA later named the impact site in honor of late astronaut Sally K. Ride, who was America’s first woman in space and a member of the GRAIL mission team.
Mais tarde, a NASA nomeou o local do impacto em homenagem à falecida astronauta Sally K. Ride, que foi a primeira mulher da América no espaço e membro da equipe da missão GRAIL.
GRAIL’s prime and extended science missions generated the highest resolution gravity field map of any celestial body.
As missões científicas primárias e estendidas do GRAIL geraram o mapa do campo gravitacional de mais alta resolução de qualquer corpo celeste.
The map will provide a better understanding of how Earth and other rocky planets in the solar system formed and evolved.
O mapa fornecerá uma melhor compreensão de como a Terra e outros planetas rochosos do sistema solar se formaram e evoluíram.
The GRAIL mission was managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington.
A missão GRAIL foi gerenciada pelo Laboratório de Propulsão a Jato (JPL) da NASA em Pasadena, Califórnia, para a Diretoria de Missões Científicas da NASA em Washington.
The mission was part of the Discovery Program managed at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. GRAIL was built by Lockheed Martin Space Systems in Denver.
A missão fazia parte do Programa Discovery gerenciado pelo Marshall Space Flight Center da NASA em Huntsville, Alabama. GRAIL foi construído pela Lockheed Martin Space Systems em Denver.
Available in: http://www.nasa.gov
13 – (CETRO/2014-AEB-ASSISTENTE EM C&T)
According to the text, read the assertions below.
I. The text affirms that, at first, the Oceanus
Procellarum was the result of an asteroid impact.
II. The Procellarum region has some particular
characteristics, such as low elevations, unique
composition, and few new volcanic plains.
III. Jeff Andrews-Hanna, a GRAIL co-investigator at the
Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado, says
that the rectangular pattern of gravity anomalies was
a complete surprise.
The correct assertion(s) is(are)
(A) I and II, only.
(B) II and III, only.
(C) III, only.
(D) I and III, only.
(E) I, II and III.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
I. The text affirms that, at first, the Oceanus Procellarum was the result of an asteroid impact. – O texto afirma que, a princípio, o Oceanus Procellarum foi resultado do impacto de um asteroide.
II. The Procellarum region has some particular characteristics, such as low elevations, unique composition, and few new volcanic plains. – A região de Procellarum apresenta algumas características particulares, como baixas elevações, composição única e poucas novas planícies vulcânicas.
III. Jeff Andrews-Hanna, a GRAIL co-investigator at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado, says that the rectangular pattern of gravity anomalies was a complete surprise. – Jeff Andrews-Hanna, co-investigador do GRAIL na Escola de Minas do Colorado em Golden, Colorado, diz que o padrão retangular das anomalias gravitacionais foi uma surpresa completa.
14 – (CETRO/2014-AEB-ASSISTENTE EM C&T)
Read the sentence below.
“Over time, the region would cool and contract, pulling
away from its surroundings and creating fractures similar to
the cracks that form in mud as it dries out, but on a much
larger scale.”
It is correct to affirm that the underlined word refers to
(A) time.
(B) scale.
(C) region.
(D) mud.
(E) form.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
Read the sentence below.
Leia a frase abaixo.
Leia a frase abaixo.
“Over time, the region would cool and contract, pulling away from its surroundings and creating fractures similar to the cracks that form in mud as it dries out, but on a much larger scale.”
“Com o tempo, a região iria arrefecer e contrair-se, afastando-se do seu entorno e criando fraturas semelhantes às fissuras que se formam na lama à medida que ELA (lama) seca, mas numa escala muito maior.”
It is correct to affirm that the underlined word refers to
(A) time. – tempo.
(B) scale. – escala.
(C) region. – região.
(D) mud. – lama.
(E) form. – forma.
15 – (CETRO/2014-AEB-ASSISTENTE EM C&T)
Read the sentence below.
“‘The nearside of the moon has been studied for centuries,
and yet continues to offer up surprises for scientists with
the right tools.’”
Considering the context, choose the alternative that
presents a sentence in which the underlined word has the
same grammatical function as the one above.
(A) Unless the experiments are effective, the research
will fail.
(B) So far, progress has been very relevant. The
astronauts, therefore, are confident that the work will
be successful.
(C) The exploration of other planets was an amazing
adventure, no buts about that.
(D) Everybody will go on an expedition, included the
interns.
(E) Too much effort has been put in researches. The
scientists haven’t reached any breakthrough,
though.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
Read the sentence below.
Leia a sentença abaixo.
“‘The nearside of the moon has been studied for centuries, and yet continues to offer up surprises for scientists with the right tools.’”
“'O lado próximo da Lua foi estudado há séculos e ainda continua a oferecer surpresas para os cientistas com as ferramentas certas.'”
Considering the context, choose the alternative that presents a sentence in which the underlined word has the same grammatical function as the one above.
Considerando o contexto, escolha a alternativa que apresente uma sentença em que a palavra sublinhada tenha a mesma função gramatical da palavra sublinhada acima.
(A) Unless the experiments are effective, the research will fail. (B) So far, progress has been very relevant. The astronauts, therefore, are confident that the work will be successful.
(C) The exploration of other planets was an amazing adventure, no buts about that.
(D) Everybody will go on an expedition, included the interns.
(E) Too much effort has been put in researches. The scientists haven’t reached any breakthrough, though.
16 – (CETRO/2014-AEB-ASSISTENTE EM C&T)
Read the sentence and choose the alternative that
presents an adjective that can establish the relation of
comparison using the same structure as the one
underlined below.
“‘Our gravity data are opening up a new chapter of lunar
history, during which the moon was a more dynamic
place than suggested by the cratered landscape that is
visible to the naked eye (Z)’”
(A) Good.
(B) Important.
(C) Bad.
(D) Happy.
(E) Sweet.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) Good.
(B) Important.
(C) Bad.
(D) Happy.
(E) Sweet.
17 – (CETRO/2014-AEB-ASSISTENTE EM C&T)
Read the sentence below and choose the alternative that
rewrites it using a synonym to the underlined word.
Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space exploration
program, and we owe it to the American taxpayers to get it
right.
(A) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space
exploration program, and we can do it to the
American taxpayers to get it right.
(B) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space
exploration program, and we are in debt to the
American taxpayers to get it right.
(C) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space
exploration program, and we might do it to the
American taxpayers to get it right.
(D) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space
exploration program, and we will do it to the
American taxpayers to get it right.
(E) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space
exploration program, and we are doing it to the
American taxpayers to get it right.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space exploration program, and we can do it to the American taxpayers to get it right.
(B) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space exploration program, and we are in debt to the American taxpayers to get it right.
(C) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space exploration program, and we might do it to the American taxpayers to get it right.
(D) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space exploration program, and we will do it to the American taxpayers to get it right.
(E) Our nation is embarked on an ambitious space exploration program, and we are doing it to the American taxpayers to get it right.
👉 Question 18 :
Choose the alternative in which the underlined word is not
classified as a false cognate.
(A) The university welcomes applications from foreign
students.
(B) Many scientific studies intend to prove that there is
life on other planets.
(C) We realized that the invention has revolutionized
Science.
(D) The new scientists should learn how to accept
criticism.
(E) Our team apologizes for making such a huge
mistake.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) The university welcomes applications from foreign students.
(B) Many scientific studies intend to prove that there is life on other planets.
(C) We realized that the invention has revolutionized Science.
(D) The new scientists should learn how to accept criticism.
(E) Our team apologizes for making such a huge mistake.
👉 Question 19 :
Choose the alternative that best translates the sentences
below.
“Neil A. Armstrong was a NASA astronaut and the first
man on the moon or, more accurately, the first man to set
foot on the moon.”
Available in: http://www.space.com/
15519-neilarmstrong-man-moon.html
(A) Neil A. Armstrong foi um astronauta da NASA e o
primeiro homem na lua ou, mais precisamente, o
primeiro homem a pisar na lua.
(B) Neil A. Armstrong foi um astronauta na NASA e o
primeiro homem a estar na lua ou, o mais cuidadoso,
o primeiro homem a pisar na lua.
(C) Neil A. Armstrong é um astronauta da NASA e o
primeiro homem na lua e o mais preciso a pisar na
lua.
(D) Neil A. Armstrong seria o primeiro astronauta da
NASA a estar na lua se, mais precisamente, tivesse
sido o primeiro a pisar na lua.
(E) Neil A. Armstrong era o astronauta da NASA e o
primeiro homem na lua a colocar, mais
cuidadosamente, o seu pé na lua.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) Neil A. Armstrong foi um astronauta da NASA e o primeiro homem na lua ou, mais precisamente, o primeiro homem a pisar na lua.
(B) Neil A. Armstrong foi um astronauta na NASA e o primeiro homem a estar na lua ou, o mais cuidadoso, o primeiro homem a pisar na lua.
(C) Neil A. Armstrong é um astronauta da NASA e o primeiro homem na lua e o mais preciso a pisar na lua.
(D) Neil A. Armstrong seria o primeiro astronauta da NASA a estar na lua se, mais precisamente, tivesse sido o primeiro a pisar na lua.
(E) Neil A. Armstrong era o astronauta da NASA e o primeiro homem na lua a colocar, mais cuidadosamente, o seu pé na lua.
👉 Question 20 :
Read the sentence below.
“The Milky Way may be home to some 3,000
extraterrestrial civilizations but the vast distances between
our galactic cousins will make contact extremely rare, a
new study concludes.”
Available in: http://news.discovery.com
It is correct to affirm that the underlined word establishes a
(A) certainty.
(B) future plan.
(C) possibility.
(D) prohibition.
(E) guarantee.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C :(A) certainty.
(B) future plan.
(C) possibility.
(D) prohibition.
(E) guarantee.
"[...] The Milky Way may be home to some 3,000 extraterrestrial civilizations but the vast distances between our galactic cousins will make contact extremely rare, a new study concludes."
(A Via Láctea pode ser o lar de cerca de 3.000 civilizações extraterrestres, mas as vastas distâncias entre nossos primos galácticos tornarão o contato extremamente raro, conclui um novo estudo.)
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário