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Welcome back to another post!
➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: CESPE-2009-ANAC-ESPECIALISTA A3, aplicação em 15/08/2021.
➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:
➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 20 Questões do tipo (C) ou (E).
➧ GABARITO:
01-C, 02-E, 03-E, 04-E, 05-C
06-C, 07-E, 08-E, 09-X, 10-C
11-C, 12-C, 13-C, 14-E, 15-E
16-C, 17-C, 18-C, 19-E, 20-E
➧ VOCABULÁRIO:
- [to undermine = "minar","enfraquecer","debilitar"]
- [to undermine" e "to reinforce" são antônimos.]
- [to stay ou t= "ficar fora"]
- [Government: stay out of the Economy!=""Governo: fique de fora da economia"]
- [Excessive government spending = Gastos excessivos do governo ]
- [meltdown = "fusão","derretimento"]
- [ouster = "destituição"]
- [have to do with = "ter a ver com"]
- [have nothing to do with = "ter nada ver com"]
- [asset = "ativos(de uma empresa)"]
- [financial meltdown =" colapso financeiro"]
- [job roles = "cargos"]
- [private business dealings = "negócios privados"]
- [Troubled Asset Relief Program= "Programa de Ajuda a Ativos problemáticos"]
- [at the behest of = "a mando de"]
- [Pro or con?= "A favor ou contra?!"]
- [Over the past nine months = "Nos últimos nove meses"]
- [curren t= "atual"]
- [chain = "corrente"]
Government: stay out of the Economy
The current expansion of government intervention is going to undermine economic growth. Pro or con? Over the past nine months, government intervention in the economy has spread like a wildfire. From federally mandated executive compensation rules for companies and job roles that had nothing to do with the financial meltdown, to the ouster of General Motors (GM) CEO Rick Wagoner at the behest of the White House, to forcing banks to take and keep Troubled Asset Relief Program money, Washington's tentacles are reaching into the minutiae of private business dealings like never before. Setting aside the long-term philosophical questions this raises about the role of government in society, one short-term question is whether or not it will aid recovery. I do not believe it will.
A 1998 Congressional Joint Economic Committee study concluded the optimal size of government to maximize economic growth was about 18% of gross domestic product (GDP). Even before today’s unprecedented debt and 19 spending, all levels of government in the U.S. controlled 37% of GDP. Recent federal spending will drive up government’s share to more than 40%. A single federal health-care plan would gobble up another 16%, putting more than 50% of the economy in government’s hands.
Economists increasingly understand the Great Depression was prolonged by government intervention in trade, private industry, and banking. We have evidence from other countries, too. As Ireland’s tax burden and share of GDP fell, the Celtic Tiger roared. Recent National Bureau of Economic Research findings show that Jamaica’s pursuit of “social justice” policies has retarded its growth compared with its less interventionist sister island, Barbados. From 1960 to 2002, Barbados’ per capita GDP doubled, but Jamaica’s grew only 50%.
Government has an important and legitimate role to play in a growing economy. It should enforce contracts, create a level playing field for all businesses, and steadfastly promote the rule of law. U.S. entrepreneurs can take it from there.
Internet: <www.businessweek.com> (adapted)
Judge the following items according to the text.
01. The U.S. has experienced an intervention in the economy.
02. Excessive government spending can be a drag on the economy.
03. Economists have supported the government policies.
04. In the author's view, government intervention will aid in economy recovery.
05. According to economists, government intervention lengthened the Great Depression.
06. General Motors chief executive officer Rick Wagoner has ben dismissed.
In the text,
07. "undermine" (R.2) is the same as reinforce.
08. "that" (R.6) can be correctly replaced by whose.
09. "meltdown" (R.6) means a process of irreversible decline.
10. "behest" (R.8) is closest in meaning to an authoritative command or request.
11. "entrepreneurs" (R.37) means people who organize, operate, and assume the risk for a business venture.
12. "gobble" (R.22) is synonymous with swallow.
➧ TEXTO 2:
A fight breaks out at the low-cost airline
There is never a good time to have a full-blown boardroom brawl in public. But for Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou, a flamboyant serial entrepreneur, to have chosen this moment to go to war with his fellow directors at easyJet, a budget airline, is as puzzling as it is potentially destructive.
The airline industry is reeling from the twin effects of seesawing fuel prices and tumbling demand. Thirty airlines have already succumbed this year and as many again are forecast to disappear in 2009. As Europe’s fourth-biggest airline, easyJet, founded by Sir Stelios 13 years ago, will not be one of them. Its strong balance-sheet, modern fleet and low-cost operating model mean it is much better placed than most of its competitors to ride out the storm.
But it is still feeling the strain. Sir Stelios, who controls 38% of easyJet, began his attack on November 13th, arguing that the airline’s plans to expand its fleet during the recession should be abandoned. He added that easyJet should consider paying a dividend from 2011, reversing its policy of investing available funds to support the airline’s growth. To this end, he invoked rights that were established when the company was floated, by proposing to put two representatives of his holding company, easyGroup, on the board.
Sir Stelios hinted that if the chairman, Sir Colin Chandler, refused to acquiesce, he would reassume the chairmanship himself, as he is entitled to do. Sir Stelios says he is only calling for a more cautious approach.
Some observers think that his knowledge of the shipping industry, which is undergoing even greater pain than the airline business, has persuaded him that this is a time to batten down hatches. Others have suggested that he needs the promise of a dividend flow to fund his other interests. There has even been some far-fetched speculation that he may be trying to drive down easyJet’s share price in order to retake control of it.
Whatever his reasons, they spell trouble for easyJet. The airline’s expansion plans for the coming year are modest: capacity is planned to grow by 5% compared with the 15% that is easyJet’s norm. Given the desperate state of Alitalia and the difficulties of Iberia, easyJet, which has hubs at Milan Malpensa and Madrid Barajas, is in a strong position to benefit.
Mr van Klaveren fears that the ultra-cautious approach Sir Stelios is advocating, combined with talk of dividends, could result in the stock going “ex-growth” and losing the premium it shares with its rival, Ryanair. It is hard to see how that is in anyone’s interests.
Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted)
Judge the following items about the ideas and the linguistic structure of the text above.
13. Easyjet's founder, Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou, has had a quarrel with his board of directors.
14. Sir Stelios’ plans for easyJet include a rapid expansion of its fleet.
15. Aside from the number of airships operating together, easyJet seems better placed than its competitors to ride out the storm.
16. Sir Stelios hinted that unless Sir Colin Chandler complied with his plans of reversing easyJet’s policy of investing available funds to support the airline’s growth, he would reassume the chairmanship.
17. The speculation that Sir Stelios may be trying to drive down easyJet’s share price is unlikely to be true.
18. The word “puzzling” (R.5) is synonymous with baffling.
19. The word “strain” (R.14) means strategy.
20. The expression “to batten down hatches” (R.29) is closest in meaning to deal with numbers.
Julgue os seguintes itens sobre as idéias e a estrutura lingüística do texto acima.
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