đ IME — Prova de InglĂȘs 2018 (PDF da Prova Original + PDF do Gabarito • Comentada) — đ️ B3GE™
• 2017 / 2018
Prova de InglĂȘs- Texto (1) | A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer | www.theguardian.com |
- Texto (2) | Hypatia of Alexandria | http://www.ancient.eu |
- Texto (3) | Could this caterpillar help solve the world’s plastic bag problem? | http://www.ancient.eu |
- 20 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) | 5 Options Each Question |
(B) won't have been nĂŁo terĂĄ sido (FUTURE PERFECT)
(C) has not been nĂŁo foi (PRESENT PERFECT)
(D) could have been poderia ter sido (PRESENT PERFECT MODAL)
(E) may be pode ser (SIMPLE MODAL)
- At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one until I suffered an injury during my teens.
- Na escola eu era atlĂ©tico; Corri e joguei badminton de alto padrĂŁo quando era jovem e sempre pensei que minha carreira seria esportiva atĂ© que sofri uma lesĂŁo na adolescĂȘncia.
(A) while
(B) unless
(C) notwithstanding
(D) partially
(E) altogether
(B) unless
(C) notwithstanding
(D) partially
24 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) as
(B) if
(C) mainly
(D) inward
(E) what
25 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) hasn't ever
heard
(B) ever heard
(C) had ever heard
(D) wasn't ever heard
(E) had ever been heard
26 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) that
(B) when
(C) who
(D) which
(E) whose
27 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) stood by
(B) reached out
(C) tried off
(D) focused on
(E) applied for
28 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) sent
(B) was sent
(C) have sent
(D) have been sending
(E) am to be sent
29 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) have
recognised
(B) have been recognised
(C) might have recognised
(D) had recognised
(E) was being recognised
30 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2018)
(A) rarely
(B) endlessly
(C) daintily
(D) primarily
(E) chiefly
❑ TEXTO: Para as questĂ”es 31 a 37, responda de acordo com o texto a seguir.
CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini.MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient HistoryEncyclopedia, 2017. DisponĂvel em:<http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/>. Acesso em: 20/06/2017.
❑ TRADUĂĂO-TEXTO:
HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA
HIPĂCIA DE ALEXANDRIA
Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 CE – March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon, the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times, would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, "The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatia's life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life". She was murdered in 415 CE by a Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general.
HipĂĄcia de Alexandria (c. 370 dC - março de 415 dC) foi uma filĂłsofa e matemĂĄtica, nascida em Alexandria, Egito, possivelmente em 370 dC (embora alguns estudiosos citem seu nascimento como c. 350 dC). Ela era filha do matemĂĄtico Theon, o Ășltimo professor da Universidade de Alexandria, que lhe ensinou matemĂĄtica, astronomia e a filosofia da Ă©poca que, nos tempos modernos, seria considerada ciĂȘncia. Nada se sabe sobre sua mĂŁe e hĂĄ poucas informaçÔes sobre sua vida. Como escreve o historiador Deakin: "Os relatos mais detalhados que temos da vida de HipĂĄtia sĂŁo os registros de sua morte. Aprendemos mais sobre sua morte a partir de fontes primĂĄrias do que sobre qualquer outro aspecto de sua vida". Ela foi assassinada em 415 d.C. por uma multidĂŁo cristĂŁ que a atacou nas ruas de Alexandria. As fontes primĂĄrias, mesmo aqueles escritores cristĂŁos que eram hostis a ela e afirmavam que ela era uma bruxa, retratam-na como uma mulher amplamente conhecida por sua generosidade, amor pelo aprendizado e experiĂȘncia no ensino de assuntos como neoplatonismo, matemĂĄtica , ciĂȘncia e filosofia em geral.
In a city which was becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping Orestes from accepting the 'true faith'. She was also seen as a 'stumbling block' to those who would have accepted the 'truth' of Christianity were it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture and learning by religious intolerance, and Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world.
Numa cidade que se tornava cada vez mais diversificada religiosamente (e sempre o foi culturalmente), HipĂĄtia era amiga Ăntima do prefeito pagĂŁo Orestes e foi culpada por Cirilo, o arcebispo cristĂŁo de Alexandria, por impedir Orestes de aceitar a "verdadeira fĂ©". Ela tambĂ©m foi vista como uma 'pedra de tropeço' para aqueles que teriam aceitado a 'verdade' do Cristianismo se nĂŁo fosse por seu carisma, charme e excelĂȘncia em tornar conceitos matemĂĄticos e filosĂłficos difĂceis compreensĂveis para seus alunos; conceitos que contradiziam os ensinamentos da igreja relativamente nova. Alexandria foi um grande centro de aprendizagem nos primeiros dias do Cristianismo, mas, Ă medida que a fĂ© crescia em adeptos e em poder, tornou-se cada vez mais dividida por lutas entre facçÔes religiosas. NĂŁo Ă© de forma alguma um exagero afirmar que Alexandria foi destruĂda como centro de cultura e aprendizagem pela intolerĂąncia religiosa, e HipĂĄtia passou a simbolizar esta tragĂ©dia na medida em que a sua morte foi citada como o fim do mundo clĂĄssico.
By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __36__. Theon refused to impose upon his daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, "Greek women of all classes were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young children, nursed the sick, and prepared food". Hypatia, on the other hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandria's university; a position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin writes:
Ao que tudo indica, HipĂĄtia era uma mulher extraordinĂĄria __36__. Theon recusou-se a impor Ă sua filha o papel tradicional atribuĂdo Ă s mulheres e criou-a como alguĂ©m teria criado um filho na tradição grega; ensinando-lhe seu prĂłprio ofĂcio. O historiador Slatkin escreve: "As mulheres gregas de todas as classes estavam ocupadas com o mesmo tipo de trabalho, principalmente centrado nas necessidades domĂ©sticas da famĂlia. As mulheres cuidavam de crianças pequenas, cuidavam dos doentes e preparavam comida". HipĂĄtia, por outro lado, levou uma vida de acadĂȘmica respeitada na universidade de Alexandria; uma posição Ă qual, atĂ© onde as evidĂȘncias sugerem, apenas os homens tinham direito anteriormente. Ela nunca se casou e permaneceu celibatĂĄria durante toda a vida, dedicando-se ao aprendizado e ao ensino. Os escritores antigos concordam que ela era uma mulher de enorme poder intelectual. Deakin escreve:
"The breadth of her interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time, difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good writing style. Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage.”
"A amplitude de seus interesses Ă© mais impressionante. Dentro da matemĂĄtica, ela escreveu ou lecionou sobre astronomia (incluindo seus aspectos observacionais - o astrolĂĄbio), geometria (e, para a Ă©poca, geometria avançada) e ĂĄlgebra (novamente, para a Ă©poca, difĂcil ĂĄlgebra) e avançou na tĂ©cnica computacional - tudo isso alĂ©m de se envolver em filosofia religiosa e aspirar a um bom estilo de escrita. Seus escritos foram, pelo que podemos julgar, uma consequĂȘncia de seu ensino nas ĂĄreas tĂ©cnicas da matemĂĄtica. Na verdade, ela estava dando continuidade a um programa iniciado por seu pai: um esforço consciente para preservar e elucidar as grandes obras matemĂĄticas da herança Alexandrina.”
- CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini.MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient HistoryEncyclopedia, 2017. DisponĂvel em:<http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/>. Acesso em: 20/06/2017.
31 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Hypatia's
father taught her some subjects.
(B) Hypatia's father was the first philosopher at the University of Alexandria.
(C) Since Hypatia and her mother didn't live together, not much is know about
them.
(D) Hypatia died when she was about 80 years old.
(E) Hypatia and her father had different interests.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Hypatia's father taught her some subjects. O pai de Hipåtia lhe ensinou algumas matérias.
(B) Hypatia's father was the first philosopher at the University of Alexandria. O pai de HipĂĄcia foi o primeiro filĂłsofo da Universidade de Alexandria.
(C) Since Hypatia and her mother didn't live together, not much is know about them. Como HipĂĄtia e sua mĂŁe nĂŁo moravam juntas, pouco se sabe sobre elas.
(D) Hypatia died when she was about 80 years old. HipĂĄcia morreu quando tinha cerca de 80 anos.
(E) Hypatia and her father had different interests. HipĂĄtia e seu pai tinham interesses diferentes.
32 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Hypatia was considered a witch because of her knowledge in math.
(B) Deakin disagreed with some sources of information.
(C) To one of the historians, there is more specific information about
Hypatia's death than about her life.
(D) All the ones who disliked Hypatia didn't make positive comments about her
character.
(E) Hypatia was cherished by a Christian throng for her love of learning.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Hypatia was considered a witch because of her knowledge in math. HipĂĄtia era considerada uma bruxa por causa de seus conhecimentos de matemĂĄtica.
(B) Deakin disagreed with some sources of information. Deakin discordou de algumas fontes de informação.
(C) To one of the historians, there is more specific information about Hypatia's death than about her life. Para um dos historiadores, hĂĄ informaçÔes mais especĂficas sobre a morte de HipĂĄtia do que sobre sua vida.
(D) All the ones who disliked Hypatia didn't make positive comments about her character. Todos os que nĂŁo gostaram de HipĂĄtia nĂŁo fizeram comentĂĄrios positivos sobre sua personagem.
33 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Never had so many diverse cultural groups been observed in Alexandria at
the same time.
(B) In Cyril's opinion, if it were not for Hypatia, Orestes would have accepted
the real religion.
(C) Orestes thought Hypatia favoured Cyril in some aspects, and she was blamed
for that.
(D) The number of different religions was decreasing at that time in
Alexandria.
(E) Alexandria's culture and learning was built from religious precept.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Never had so many diverse cultural groups been observed in Alexandria at the same time. Nunca tantos grupos culturais diversos foram observados em Alexandria ao mesmo tempo.
(B) In Cyril's opinion, if it were not for Hypatia, Orestes would have accepted the real religion. Na opiniĂŁo de Cirilo, se nĂŁo fosse por HipĂĄtia, Orestes teria aceitado a verdadeira religiĂŁo.
C) Orestes thought Hypatia favoured Cyril in some aspects, and she was blamed for that. Orestes achava que HipĂĄcia favorecia Cirilo em alguns aspectos, e ela foi culpada por isso.
(D) The number of different religions was decreasing at that time in Alexandria. O nĂșmero de religiĂ”es diferentes estava diminuindo naquela Ă©poca em Alexandria.
(E) Alexandria's culture and learning was built from religious precept. A cultura e o aprendizado de Alexandria foram construĂdos a partir de preceitos religiosos.
34 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Hypatia did not marry so she could study; consequently, she followed the
role model of the time.
(B) Although Hypatia remained celibate, her father had been doubtful she would
ever do so because of the activities society expected her to perform.
(C) Professions were chosen according to the social class a woman occupied,
centered around family tradition and faith.
(D) Not many gaps have to be filled about Hypatia's academic life now; we know
almost everything because she continued her father's work.
(E) Some people didn't seem to understand science regardless of religion, and
this might explain why scientific concepts were seen as an obstacle.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Hypatia did not marry so she could study; consequently, she followed the role model of the time. HipĂĄtia nĂŁo se casou para poder estudar; conseqĂŒentemente, ela seguiu o modelo da Ă©poca.
(B) Although Hypatia remained celibate, her father had been doubtful she would ever do so because of the activities society expected her to perform. Embora HipĂĄcia permanecesse celibatĂĄria, seu pai duvidava que ela o fizesse por causa das atividades que a sociedade esperava que ela realizasse.
(C) Professions were chosen according to the social class a woman occupied, centered around family tradition and faith. As profissÔes eram escolhidas de acordo com a classe social ocupada pela mulher, centrada na tradição familiar e na fé.
(D) Not many gaps have to be filled about Hypatia's academic life now; we know almost everything because she continued her father's work. NĂŁo hĂĄ muitas lacunas a serem preenchidas na vida acadĂȘmica de HipĂĄtia agora; sabemos quase tudo porque ela deu continuidade ao trabalho do pai.
(E) Some people didn't seem to understand science regardless of religion, and this might explain why scientific concepts were seen as an obstacle. Algumas pessoas pareciam nĂŁo compreender a ciĂȘncia, independentemente da religiĂŁo, e isto pode explicar porque os conceitos cientĂficos eram vistos como um obstĂĄculo.
35 – Choose a synonym for the expression to the extent that in the sentence
- "(…) Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world."
in lines 24 and 25.
(A) as well as
(B) in contempt of
(C) by easy stages
(D) for the record that
(E) to the degree that
36 – Choose the appropriate continuation for the sentence
- "By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman _______." in line 26.
(A) since she
was assigned a profession different from her father's.
(B) not only for her time, but for any time.
(C) as she lived for the Gods.
(D) devoted to teaching, which was a common activitiy for women at that time.
(E) of slight intellectual power.
37 – Choose the correct meaning of outgrowth in the sentence
- "Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching (…)"
in lines 40 and 41.
(A) reason
(B) rebuttal
(C) motivation
(D) result
(E) concession
❑ TEXTO: Para as questĂ”es 18 a 20, responda de acordo com o texto a seguir.
Could this caterpillar help solve the world's plastic bag problem?
Esta lagarta poderia ajudar a resolver o problema mundial das sacolas plĂĄsticas?
A developmental biologist and amateur beekeeper has come up with a new way to get rid of used plastic bags: Make waxworms eat them. The larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella), these caterpillars thrive on beeswax. While cleaning out empty hive boxes that were infested with these caterpillars, Federica Bertocchini of the Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria in Spain put them in a plastic grocery bag. Um biĂłlogo do desenvolvimento e apicultor amador descobriu uma nova maneira de se livrar dos sacos plĂĄsticos usados: fazer com que os vermes os comam. Larvas da mariposa-cera maior (Galleria mellonella), essas lagartas prosperam com cera de abelha. Enquanto limpava as caixas vazias das colmeias infestadas com essas lagartas, Federica Bertocchini, do Instituto de Biomedicina e Biotecnologia da CantĂĄbria, na Espanha, colocou-as em uma sacola plĂĄstica de supermercado.
To her surprise the waxworms quickly ate their way out, leaving the bag riddled with holes. Para sua surpresa, os vermes rapidamente saĂram, deixando o saco cheio de buracos.
It turns out the caterpillars can break down the bag's polyethylene into ethylene glycol, which can be readily converted into useful substances such as antifreeze, the team reports today in Current Biology. Acontece que as lagartas podem quebrar o polietileno do saco em etilenoglicol, que pode ser facilmente convertido em substĂąncias Ășteis, como anticongelante, relata a equipe hoje na Current Biology.
Polyethylene is very hard to break down making the 80 million tons produced a year a big recycling challenge. O polietileno Ă© muito difĂcil de decompor, o que torna os 80 milhĂ”es de toneladas produzidas por ano um grande desafio de reciclagem.
Only recently have researchers begun to make progress doing so, and this caterpillar may be another solution. Só recentemente os investigadores começaram a fazer progressos nesse sentido, e esta lagarta pode ser outra solução.
- PENNISI, Elizabeth. Adapted from: Science. Could this caterpillar help solve the world’s plastic bag problem? In: Science, 2017. DisponĂvel em:<http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/04/could-caterpillar-help-solve-world-s-plastic-bagproblem.>.Acesso em: 26/06/2017.
38 – Choose the correct option.
(A) A scientist discovered by chance that waxworms might help eliminate
plastic.
(B) The beginning biologist is a neophyte in raising honeybees in Cantabria.
(C) If the woman hadn't cleaned the boxes, the larvae wouldn't have become
moths.
(D) Federica's discovery has to do with previous scientific research.
(E) The biologist's experience led her use the larvae in the hive.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) A scientist discovered by chance that waxworms might help eliminate plastic. Um cientista descobriu por acaso que os vermes podem ajudar a eliminar o plĂĄstico.
(B) The beginning biologist is a neophyte in raising honeybees in Cantabria. O biólogo iniciante é um neófito na criação de abelhas na Cantåbria.
(C) If the woman hadn't cleaned the boxes, the larvae wouldn't have become moths. Se a mulher nĂŁo tivesse limpado as caixas, as larvas nĂŁo teriam virado mariposas.
(D) Federica's discovery has to do with previous scientific research. A descoberta de Federica tem a ver com pesquisas cientĂficas anteriores.
39 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Waxworms needed help so they could leave the plastic bag.
(B) The larvae used wax to leave the bag.
(C) The consumptiom of wax by the worms produced holes.
(D) The waxworms ate plastic thus creating holes.
(E) Larvae help develop beeswax, and this leads to plastic bag decomposition.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Waxworms needed help so they could leave the plastic bag. As minhocas precisavam de ajuda para poderem deixar o saco plĂĄstico.
(B) The larvae used wax to leave the bag. As larvas usaram cera para sair do saco.
(C) The consumptiom of wax by the worms produced holes. O consumo de cera pelas minhocas produzia buracos.
(D) The waxworms ate plastic thus creating holes. Os vermes comeram plĂĄstico criando buracos.
40 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Caterpillars seem to transform plastic into another substance, so they drew
people's attention.
(B) Worms can produce polyethylene out of plastic and make it react with the atmosphere
before eating.
(C) Ethylene glycol can be transformed into a substance that worms use later
on.
(D) Waxworms produce antifreeze as a result of cleaning empty hive boxes.
(E) Ethylene glycol is important for the worm's warmth maintenance.
Escolha a opção correta.
(A) Caterpillars seem to transform plastic into another substance, so they drew people's attention. As lagartas parecem transformar o plåstico em outra substùncia, por isso chamaram a atenção das pessoas.
(B) Worms can produce polyethylene out of plastic and make it react with the atmosphere before eating. Os vermes podem produzir polietileno a partir do plĂĄstico e fazĂȘ-lo reagir com a atmosfera antes de comer.
(C) Ethylene glycol can be transformed into a substance that worms use later on. O etilenoglicol pode ser transformado em uma substĂąncia que os vermes utilizam posteriormente.
(D) Waxworms produce antifreeze as a result of cleaning empty hive boxes. Waxworms produzem anticongelante como resultado da limpeza de caixas de colmeias vazias.
Excelente.
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