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❑ PROVA DE LĂNGUA INGLESA:
• VUNESP/2013-CETESB-03/03/2013.
❑ TEXTO 1: Leia o texto para responder Ă s questĂ”es de nĂșmeros 14 a 19.
Diet drinks “link to depression” questioned
Experts are questioning whether diet drinks could raise depression risk, after a large study has found a link.
The US research in more than 250,000 people found depression was more common among frequent consumers of artificially sweetened beverages. The work, which will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology’s annual meeting, did not look at the cause for this link.
Drinking coffee was linked with a lower risk of depression.
People who drank four cups a day were 10% less likely to be diagnosed with depression during the 10-year study period than those who drank no coffee. But those who drank four cans or glasses of diet fizzy drinks or artifically sweetened juice a day increased their risk of depression by about a third. Lead researcher Dr Honglei Chen, of the National Institutes of Health in North Carolina, said: “Our research suggests that cutting out or down on sweetened diet drinks or replacing them with unsweetened coffee may naturally help lower your depression risk.”
But he said more studies were needed to explore this. There are many other factors that may be involved. And the findings – in people in their 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s and living in the US – might not apply to other populations. The safety of sweeteners, like aspartame, has been extensively tested by scientists and is assured by regulators.
Gaynor Bussell, of the British Dietetic Association, said: “Sweeteners used to be called ‘artificial’ sweeteners and unfortunately the term ‘artificial’ has evoked suspicion. As a result, sweeteners have been very widely tested and reviewed for safety and the ones on the market have an excellent safety track record. However, the studies on them continue and this one has thrown up a possibly link – not a cause and effect – with depression.”
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20943509.09.01.2013. Adaptado)
❑ TRADUĂĂO - TEXTO 1:
Diet drinks “link to depression” questioned
Bebidas dietĂ©ticas “ligam Ă depressĂŁo” questionadas
Experts are questioning whether diet drinks could raise depression risk, after a large study has found a link. Os especialistas estão questionando se as bebidas dietéticas podem aumentar o risco de depressão, depois que um grande estudo encontrou uma ligação.
The US research in more than 250,000 people found depression was more common among frequent consumers of artificially sweetened beverages. A pesquisa dos EUA com mais de 250 mil pessoas descobriu que a depressão era mais comum entre consumidores frequentes de bebidas adoçadas artificialmente.
The work, which will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology’s annual meeting, did not look at the cause for this link. O trabalho, que serĂĄ apresentado na reuniĂŁo anual da Academia Americana de Neurologia, nĂŁo abordou a causa desta ligação.
Drinking coffee was linked with a lower risk of depression. Beber café foi associado a um menor risco de depressão.
People who drank four cups a day were 10% less likely to be diagnosed with depression during the 10-year study period than those who drank no coffee. As pessoas que bebiam quatro xĂcaras por dia tinham 10% menos probabilidade de serem diagnosticadas com depressĂŁo durante o perĂodo de estudo de 10 anos do que aquelas que nĂŁo bebiam cafĂ©.
But those who drank four cans or glasses of diet fizzy drinks or artifically sweetened juice a day increased their risk of depression by about a third. Mas aqueles que bebiam quatro latas ou copos de refrigerantes dietéticos ou sucos adoçados artificialmente por dia aumentaram o risco de depressão em cerca de um terço.
Lead researcher Dr Honglei Chen, of the National Institutes of Health in North Carolina, said: O pesquisador principal, Honglei Chen, dos Institutos Nacionais de SaĂșde da Carolina do Norte, disse:
“Our research suggests that cutting out or down on sweetened diet drinks or replacing them with unsweetened coffee may naturally help lower your depression risk.” “Nossa pesquisa sugere que cortar ou reduzir o consumo de bebidas dietĂ©ticas açucaradas ou substituĂ-las por cafĂ© sem açĂșcar pode naturalmente ajudar a diminuir o risco de depressĂŁo”.
But he said more studies were needed to explore this. Mas ele disse que mais estudos sĂŁo necessĂĄrios para explorar isso.
There are many other factors that may be involved. Existem muitos outros fatores que podem estar envolvidos.
And the findings – in people in their 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s and living in the US – might not apply to other populations. E as descobertas – em pessoas na faixa dos 50, 60, 70 e 80 anos e que vivem nos EUA – podem nĂŁo se aplicar a outras populaçÔes.
The safety of sweeteners, like aspartame, has been extensively tested by scientists and is assured by regulators. A segurança dos adoçantes, como o aspartame, foi exaustivamente testada por cientistas e garantida pelos reguladores.
Gaynor Bussell, of the British Dietetic Association, said: Gaynor Bussell, da Associação Dietética Britùnica, disse:
“Sweeteners used to be called ‘artificial’ sweeteners and unfortunately the term ‘artificial’ has evoked suspicion. “Os adoçantes costumavam ser chamados de adoçantes ‘artificiais’ e, infelizmente, o termo ‘artificial’ despertou suspeitas.
As a result, sweeteners have been very widely tested and reviewed for safety and the ones on the market have an excellent safety track record. Como resultado, os adoçantes foram amplamente testados e revisados quanto Ă segurança e os que estĂŁo no mercado tĂȘm um excelente histĂłrico de segurança.
However, the studies on them continue and this one has thrown up a possibly link – not a cause and effect – with depression.” No entanto, os estudos sobre eles continuam e este levantou uma possĂvel ligação – nĂŁo uma causa e efeito – com a depressĂŁo.”
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20943509.09.01.2013. Adaptado)
14 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
According to the text, the research is
(A) supported by the British Health regulators.
(B) widely accepted among scientific community.
(C) considered unimportant by the consumers.
(D) focused on artificially sweetened beverage.
(E) sponsored by the British Dietetic Association.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D
Segundo o texto, a pesquisa Ă©
(A) supported by the British Health regulators. apoiada pelos reguladores de saĂșde britĂąnicos.
(B) widely accepted among scientific community. amplamente aceita pela comunidade cientĂfica.
(C) considered unimportant by the consumers. considerada sem importĂąncia pelos consumidores.
(D) focused on artificially sweetened beverage. focada em bebidas adoçadas artificialmente.
(E) sponsored by the British Dietetic Association. patrocinada pela British Dietetic Association.
15 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
According to the text, the research
(A) relied on data from people living in different countries.
(B) held individuals from different age ranges.
(C) lacked accurate techniques and methodology.
(D) set new safety standards for sweeteners production.
(E) revealed depression traces in about 250,000 people.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
Segundo o texto, a pesquisa
(A) relied on data from people living in different countries. baseou-se em dados de pessoas que vivem em diferentes paĂses.
(B) held individuals from different age ranges. realizou indivĂduos de diferentes faixas etĂĄrias.
(C) lacked accurate techniques and methodology. carecia de técnicas e metodologia precisas.
(D) set new safety standards for sweeteners production. estabelecer novos padrÔes de segurança para a produção de adoçantes.
(E) revealed depression traces in about 250,000 people. revelou traços de depressão em cerca de 250 mil pessoas.
16 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
In order to low depression risks, Dr Honglei Shen suggests
(A) reducing the coffee consumption.
(B) increasing juice drinking.
(C) drinking more fizzy drinks.
(D) the consumption of organic sugar.
(E) avoiding sweetened diet drinks.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E
Para reduzir os riscos de depressĂŁo, o Dr. Honglei Shen sugere
(A) reducing the coffee consumption. reduzir o consumo de café.
(B) increasing juice drinking. aumentar o consumo de suco.
(C) drinking more fizzy drinks. beber mais refrigerantes.
(D) the consumption of organic sugar. o consumo de açĂșcar orgĂąnico.
(E) avoiding sweetened diet drinks. evitar bebidas dietéticas açucaradas.
17 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
The term “whether” in – Experts are questioning whether diet drinks could raise depression risk, after a large study has found a link. – introduces
(A) a supposition.
(B) a certainty.
(C) a denial.
(D) a dismissal.
(E) an acceptance.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
18 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
O termo likely em – People who drank four cups a day were 10% less likely to be diagnosed with depression during the 10-year study period than those who drank no coffee. – transmite a ideia de
(A) preferĂȘncia.
(B) propensĂŁo.
(C) impossibilidade.
(D) exclusividade.
(E) diminuição.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
19 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
A expressĂŁo As a result em – As a result, sweeteners have been very widely tested and reviewed for safety and the ones on the market have an excellent safety track record. – Ă© substituĂda, sem alterar o sentido do trecho, por
(A) Although.
(B) Therefore.
(C) Instead of.
(D) Nevertheless.
(E) But.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
❑ TEXTO 2: Para responder Ă s questĂ”es de nĂșmeros 20 a 23, leia o texto.
US to build $120m rare earth research institute
EUA construirão instituto de pesquisa de terras raras de US$ 120 milhÔes
The US Department of Energy is giving $120m (£75m) to set up a new research centre charged with developing new methods of rare earth production. O Departamento de Energia dos EUA estĂĄ doando 120 milhĂ”es de dĂłlares (75 milhĂ”es de libras) para a criação de um novo centro de investigação encarregado de desenvolver novos mĂ©todos de produção de terras raras.
Rare earths are 17 chemically similar elements crucial to making many hi-tech products, such as phones and PCs. As terras raras são 17 elementos quimicamente semelhantes, cruciais para a fabricação de muitos produtos de alta tecnologia, como telefones e PCs.
The Critical Materials Institute will be located in Ames, Iowa. O Critical Materials Institute estarĂĄ localizado em Ames, Iowa.
The US wants to reduce its dependency on China, which produces more than 95% of the world’s rare earth elements, and address local shortages. Os EUA querem reduzir a sua dependĂȘncia da China, que produz mais de 95% dos elementos de terras raras do mundo, e resolver a escassez local.
According to the US Geological Survey, there may be deposits of rare earths in 14 US states. De acordo com o Serviço Geológico dos EUA, pode haver depósitos de terras raras em 14 estados dos EUA.
Besides being used for hi-tech gadgets, the elements are also crucial for manufacturing low-carbon resources such as wind turbines, solar panels and electric cars, said David Danielson, the US assistant secretary for renewable energy. Além de serem usados em dispositivos de alta tecnologia, os elementos também são cruciais para a fabricação de recursos de baixo carbono, como turbinas eólicas, painéis solares e carros elétricos, disse David Danielson, secretårio adjunto dos EUA para energias renovåveis.
Rare earth elements are also used for military applications, such as advanced optics technologies, radar and radiation detection equipment, and advanced communications systems, according to a 2011 research report by the US Government Accountability Office. From the 1960s until the 1980s, the Mountain Pass mine in California made the US the world leader in rare earth production, but it was later closed, largely due to competition with the elements imported from China.
At the moment, the regulations surrounding rare earths mining in the US are very strict, an expert on the materials from Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden told the BBC. “The Mountain Pass mine was [also] closed down for environmental reasons,” said Prof Ekberg.
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20986437.11.01.2013. Adaptado)
20 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
According to the text, the rare earth research institute is needed to
(A) avoid new and current American military projects.
(B) share scientific expertise with China.
(C) maintain US as the world leader in the field.
(D) export high added value products to China.
(E) supply US domestic market demands.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E
Segundo o texto, o instituto de pesquisa de terras raras Ă© necessĂĄrio para
(A) avoid new and current American military projects. evitar projetos militares americanos novos e atuais.
(B) share scientific expertise with China. compartilhar conhecimentos cientĂficos com a China.
(C) maintain US as the world leader in the field. manter os EUA como lĂder mundial na ĂĄrea.
(D) export high added value products to China. exportar produtos de alto valor agregado para a China.
(E) supply US domestic market demands. suprir as demandas do mercado interno dos EUA.
21 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
The existence of deposits of rare earths in 14 states is
(A) questioned.
(B) confidential.
(C) well-known.
(D) possible.
(E) certain.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
A existĂȘncia de depĂłsitos de terras raras em 14 estados Ă©
(A) questioned. questionado.
(B) confidential. confidencial.
(C) well-known. bem conhecido.
(D) possible. possĂvel.
(E) certain. certo.
22 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
O termo besides em – Besides being used for hi-tech gadgets, the elements are also crucial for manufacturing low-carbon resources such as wind turbines… – implica
(A) adição.
(B) contraste.
(C) substituição.
(D) dĂșvida.
(E) comparação.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
23 – (VUNESP/2013-CETESB-ADVOGADO)
A expressĂŁo due to em – … largely due to competition with the elements imported from China. – Ă© substituĂda, sem alterar o sentido do trecho, por
(A) regardless.
(B) consequently.
(C) because of.
(D) even though.
(E) apart from.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
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