ESCOLA PREPARATĂRIA DE CADETES DO EXĂRCITO
• 2020
- 12 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
- Text (1) – | Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to stay in Australia | theguardian.com |
- Text (2) – | Are any foods safe to eat anymore? The fears and the facts | bbc.com |
- Text (3) – | Oxfam America | students.brown.edu |
- Text (4) – | Native English speakers are the world’s worst communicators | bbc.com |
• TEXTO 1
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questÔes 45, 46 e 47.
Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to stay in Australia
O computador diz que nĂŁo: veterinĂĄrio irlandĂȘs Ă© reprovado no teste oral de inglĂȘs necessĂĄrio para permanecer na AustrĂĄlia
Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in history and politics – both obtained in English. She is married to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an equine vet on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a native English speaker, she has excellent grammar and a broad vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can speak English well enough to stay in Australia. Louise Kennedy Ă© uma veterinĂĄria irlandesa com formação em histĂłria e polĂtica – ambas obtidas em inglĂȘs. Ela Ă© casada com um australiano e trabalha na AustrĂĄlia como veterinĂĄria de equinos com visto de trabalhador qualificado hĂĄ dois anos. Como falante nativa de inglĂȘs, ela tem uma gramĂĄtica excelente e um vocabulĂĄrio amplo, mas nĂŁo conseguiu convencer uma mĂĄquina de que fala inglĂȘs o suficiente para permanecer na AustrĂĄlia.
But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a computer-based English test – scored by a machine – essentially handed her a fail in terms of convincing immigration officers she can fluently speak her own language. Mas ela estĂĄ agora Ă procura de outras opçÔes de visto depois de um teste de inglĂȘs baseado em computador – avaliado por uma mĂĄquina – ter essencialmente reprovado a sua capacidade de convencer os agentes de imigração de que consegue falar fluentemente a sua prĂłpria lĂngua.
Earlier this year, Kennedy decided she would seek permanent residency in Australia. She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked when she got the results. While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (...). She got 74 when the government requires 79. “There’s obviously a flaw in their computer software, when a person with perfect oral fluency cannot get enough points,” she said. No inĂcio deste ano, Kennedy decidiu que buscaria residĂȘncia permanente na AustrĂĄlia. Ela sabia que teria que fazer um teste obrigatĂłrio de proficiĂȘncia em inglĂȘs, mas ficou chocada quando recebeu os resultados. Embora ela tenha passado em todos os outros componentes do teste, incluindo escrita e leitura, (...). Ela obteve 74 quando o governo exige 79. “HĂĄ obviamente uma falha no software do computador, quando uma pessoa com fluĂȘncia oral perfeita nĂŁo consegue obter pontos suficientes”, disse ela.
The test providers have categorically denied there is anything wrong with its computer-based test or the scoring engine trained to analyse candidates’ responses. “We do not offer a pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration department set the bar very high for people seeking permanent residency”, they say. Os fornecedores de testes negaram categoricamente que haja algo de errado com o teste baseado em computador ou com o mecanismo de pontuação treinado para analisar as respostas dos candidatos. “NĂŁo oferecemos aprovação ou reprovação, apenas uma pontuação e o departamento de imigração estabeleceu um padrĂŁo muito alto para quem busca residĂȘncia permanente”, afirmam.
Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she will now have to pursue a bridging visa, while she seeks a more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her Australian husband. Kennedy, que deverĂĄ ter um filho em outubro, diz que agora terĂĄ que obter um visto provisĂłrio, enquanto procura um visto de esposa mais caro para poder permanecer com o marido australiano.
45 – Which one from the underlined verbs in the text conveys a different verb tense?
(A) has
(B) handed
(C) decided
(D) knew
(E) got
• Gabarito A
(A) has (Present Simple)
(B) handed
(C) decided (Past Simple)
(D) knew (Past Simple)
(E) got (Past Simple)
- “She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test...” (paragraph 3).
(A) difficult
(B) reasonable
(C) compulsory
(D) useful
(E) comprehensive
• Gabarito C
- “She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test...”
- (Ela sabia que teria que fazer um teste obrigatĂłrio de proficiĂȘncia em inglĂȘs).
(A) difficult
(B) reasonable
(C) compulsory
(D) useful
(E) comprehensive abrangente
[A] she got more than necessary to pass the oral test.
[B] she couldn’t get the results on the computer software.
[C] she didn’t have enough time to take the listening test.
[D] she failed to reach the minimum score in oral fluency.
[E] she was not able to write a composition.
• Gabarito D
[A] she got more than necessary to pass the oral test.
[B] she couldn’t get the results on the computer software.
[C] she didn’t have enough time to take the listening test.
[D] she failed to reach the minimum score in oral fluency.
[E] she was not able to write a composition.
Are any foods safe to eat anymore?
The fears and the facts
Ainda hĂĄ algum alimento seguro para comer? Os medos e os fatos
Food was once seen as a source of sustenance and pleasure. Today, the dinner table can instead begin to feel like a minefield. Is bacon really a risk factor of cancer? Will coffee or eggs give you a heart attack? Does wheat contribute to Alzheimer’s disease? Will dairy products clog up your arteries? Worse still, the advice changes continually. As TV-cook Nigella Lawson recently put it: “You can guarantee that what people think will be good for you this year, they won’t next year.” A comida jĂĄ foi vista como fonte de sustento e prazer. Hoje, a mesa de jantar pode começar a parecer um campo minado. O bacon Ă© realmente um fator de risco de cĂąncer? CafĂ© ou ovos causarĂŁo ataque cardĂaco? O trigo contribui para a doença de Alzheimer? Os laticĂnios obstruirĂŁo suas artĂ©rias? Pior ainda, o conselho muda continuamente. Como disse recentemente a cozinheira de TV Nigella Lawson: “VocĂȘ pode garantir que o que as pessoas acham que serĂĄ bom para vocĂȘ este ano, nĂŁo serĂĄ no prĂłximo”.
This may be somewhat inevitable: evidence-based health advice should be constantly updated as new studies explore the nuances of what we eat and the effects the meals have on our bodies. But when the media (and ill-informed health gurus) exaggerate the results of a study without providing the context, it can lead to unnecessary fears that may, ironically, push you towards less healthy choices. Isto pode ser um tanto inevitĂĄvel: os conselhos de saĂșde baseados em evidĂȘncias devem ser constantemente atualizados Ă medida que novos estudos exploram as nuances do que comemos e os efeitos que as refeiçÔes tĂȘm no nosso corpo. Mas quando a mĂdia (e os gurus da saĂșde mal informados) exageram os resultados de um estudo sem fornecer o contexto, isso pode levar a medos desnecessĂĄrios que podem, ironicamente, empurrĂĄ-lo para escolhas menos saudĂĄveis.
The good news is that “next year” you may be pleased to learn that many of your favourite foods are not the ticking time bomb you have been led to believe... A boa notĂcia Ă© que “no prĂłximo ano” vocĂȘ poderĂĄ ficar satisfeito em saber que muitas de suas comidas favoritas nĂŁo sĂŁo a bomba-relĂłgio que vocĂȘ foi levado a acreditar...
- Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20151029-are-any-foods-safe-to-eat-anymore-heres-the-truth
48 – Choose the statement in which the word minefield has been used in a figurative way just like in paragraph 1.
(A) I’ve heard stories about a ghost town that has a secret minefield.
(B) Princess Diana walked through an active minefield in Angola.
(C) The rhetoric of the legal system is a minefield for the ordinary
person.
(D) A minefield located in the rear of the battle area must be marked.
(E) Placing a minefield without marking it for later removal is a war crime.
• Gabarito C
Escolha a afirmação em que a palavra minefield (campo minado) foi usada de forma figurada, tal como no parågrafo 1.
(A) I’ve heard stories about a ghost town that has a secret minefield.
(B) Princess Diana walked through an active minefield in Angola.
(C) The rhetoric of the legal system is a minefield for the ordinary person.
(D) A minefield located in the rear of the battle area must be marked.
(E) Placing a minefield without marking it for later removal is a war crime. Colocar um campo minado sem marcå-lo para posterior remoção é um crime de guerra.
[A] finely
[B] badly
[C] sadly
[D] highly
[E] gladly
• Gabarito B
[A] finely
[B] badly
[C] sadly
[D] highly
[E] gladly
50 – In the text, the word ironically (paragraph 2) introduces
(A) a situation that is irreversible.
(B) a situation that ends the problem.
(C) a situation that is not true.
(D) a situation that carries a contradiction.
(E) a situation that carries the solution.
• Gabarito D
No texto, a palavra ironicamente (parĂĄgrafo 2) introduz
(A) a situation that is irreversible.
(B) a situation that ends the problem.
(C) a situation that is not true.
(D) a situation that carries a contradiction.
(E) a situation that carries the solution. uma situação que carrega a solução.
OXFAM AMERICA
OXFAM AMĂRICA
Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. It was started in Oxford, England in 1942 in response to the European famine-related issues resulting from the Second World War. Oxfam significa ComitĂȘ de Oxford para o AlĂvio da Fome. Foi iniciado em Oxford, Inglaterra, em 1942, em resposta Ă s questĂ”es relacionadas com a fome na Europa resultantes da Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Ten other countries worldwide, including the United States and Australia, have started chapters of Oxfam. They make up what is known as Oxfam International. Dez outros paĂses em todo o mundo, incluindo os Estados Unidos e a AustrĂĄlia, iniciaram capĂtulos da Oxfam. Eles constituem o que Ă© conhecido como Oxfam International.
Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice through long-term partnerships with poor communities around the world. A Oxfam América dedica-se a criar soluçÔes duradouras para a fome, a pobreza e a injustiça social através de parcerias de longo prazo com comunidades pobres em todo o mundo.
As a privately funded organization, we can speak with conviction and integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit people from gaining the skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient. Como organização financiada pelo setor privado, podemos falar com convicção e integridade Ă medida que desafiamos as barreiras estruturais que fomentam o conflito e o sofrimento humano e limitam as pessoas de adquirirem competĂȘncias, recursos e poder para se tornarem auto-suficientes.
Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of food aid. A Oxfam implementa vĂĄrios projectos globais que visam ĂĄreas particularmente afectadas pela fome. Os projetos centram-se no desenvolvimento da auto-suficiĂȘncia das comunidades onde estĂŁo baseados, em vez de meramente fornecerem ajuda sob a forma de ajuda alimentar.
Oxfam’s projects operate on the communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and hunger in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency. Os projetos da Oxfam operam a nĂvel comunitĂĄrio e sĂŁo desenvolvidos atravĂ©s da avaliação de questĂ”es que causam a pobreza e a fome na comunidade e, subsequentemente, as possĂveis infra-estruturas que poderiam acabar com a fome e promover a obtenção da auto-suficiĂȘncia.
Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or is involved range from a women’s literacy program in India to providing microloans and agriculture education programs for small-scale organic farmers in California. Exemplos de projetos em que a Oxfam AmĂ©rica esteve ou estĂĄ envolvida vĂŁo desde um programa de alfabetização de mulheres na Ăndia atĂ© ao fornecimento de microcrĂ©ditos e programas de educação agrĂcola para pequenos agricultores biolĂłgicos na CalifĂłrnia.
51 – In the sentences
- “...barriers that foster conflict and human suffering...” (paragraph 2)
and
- “...end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency.” (paragraph 3),
[A] promote.
[B] expel.
[C] minimize.
[D] finish.
[E] decrease.
• Gabarito A
[A] promote.
[B] expel.
[C] minimize.
[D] finish.
[E] decrease.
- “...barriers that foster conflict and human suffering...” (paragraph 2)
- barreiras que fomentam o conflito e o sofrimento humano...
- “...end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency.” (paragraph 3),
- acabar com a fome e promover a obtenção da autossuficiĂȘncia.
[A] Oxfam and the projects.
[B] the projects and food aid.
[C] the communities and food aid.
[D] self-sufficiency and the communities.
[E] the communities and the projects.
• Gabarito E
[A] Oxfam and the projects.
[B] the projects and food aid.
[C] the communities and food aid.
[D] self-sufficiency and the communities.
[E] the communities and the projects.
53 – According to the text, choose the correct alternative.
(A) Oxfam helps poor people only giving food to them.
(B) Famine was one of the consequences of Second World War in Europe.
(C) Oxfam’s money comes from the government.
(D) Oxfam’s projects are not supposed to go beyond Europe.
(E) Oxfam believes that the causes of poverty and hunger are impossible to overcome.
• Gabarito B
(A) Oxfam helps poor people only giving food to them.
(B) Famine was one of the consequences of Second World War in Europe.
(C) Oxfam’s money comes from the government.
(D) Oxfam’s projects are not supposed to go beyond Europe.
Native English speakers are the world’s worst communicators
Os falantes nativos de inglĂȘs sĂŁo os piores comunicadores do mundo
It was just one word in one email, but it caused huge financial losses for a multinational company. The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one. Foi apenas uma palavra num e-mail, mas causou enormes perdas financeiras para uma empresa multinacional. A mensagem, escrita em inglĂȘs, foi enviada por um falante nativo a um colega para quem o inglĂȘs era a segunda lĂngua. Inseguro quanto Ă palavra, o destinatĂĄrio encontrou dois significados contraditĂłrios em seu dicionĂĄrio. Ele agiu de forma errada.
Months later, senior management investigated why the project had failed, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,” says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn’t reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. “Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.” Meses depois, a alta administração investigou por que o projeto fracassou, custando centenas de milhares de dĂłlares. “Tudo remonta a esta palavra”, diz Chia Suan Chong, uma formadora intercultural e de competĂȘncias de comunicação baseada no Reino Unido, que nĂŁo revelou a palavra complicada porque Ă© altamente especĂfica da indĂșstria e possivelmente identificĂĄvel. “As coisas saĂram do controle porque ambas as partes pensavam o contrĂĄrio.”
When such misunderstandings happen, it’s usually the native speakers who are to blame. Quando esses mal-entendidos acontecem, geralmente a culpa Ă© dos falantes nativos.
Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong. Ironicamente, eles sĂŁo piores na transmissĂŁo da sua mensagem do que as pessoas que falam inglĂȘs como segunda ou terceira lĂngua, de acordo com Chong.
“A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world’s global language. They feel they don’t have to spend time learning another language.” “Muitos falantes nativos estĂŁo felizes porque o inglĂȘs se tornou a lĂngua global do mundo. Eles sentem que nĂŁo precisam perder tempo aprendendo outro idioma.”
The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, trying to communicate efficiently with limited, simple language, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Acontece que os falantes nĂŁo-nativos falam com mais determinação e cuidado, tentando comunicar de forma eficiente com uma linguagem limitada e simples, tĂpica de alguĂ©m que fala uma segunda ou terceira lĂngua.
Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang, abbreviations and references specific to their own culture, says Chong. Os anglĂłfonos, por outro lado, muitas vezes falam demasiado rĂĄpido para que os outros os possam acompanhar e usam piadas, gĂrias, abreviaturas e referĂȘncias especĂficas da sua prĂłpria cultura, diz Chong.
“The native English speaker is the only one who might not feel the need to adapt to the others,” she adds. “O falante nativo de inglĂȘs Ă© o Ășnico que pode nĂŁo sentir necessidade de se adaptar aos demais”, acrescenta.
- Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20161028-native-english-speakers-are-the-worlds-worst-communicators
54 – Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes SPIRALLED OUT OF CONTROL in the sentence
“Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.” (paragraph 2).
(A) quickly got worse in an unmanageable way
(B) got better after a phone call about the word
(C) were intentionally unprofessionally handled
(D) went on the way everybody wanted them to go
(E) started to reach a common sense for them
• Gabarito A
“Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.” (paragraph 2).
(A) quickly got worse in an unmanageable way
(B) got better after a phone call about the word
(C) were intentionally unprofessionally handled
(D) went on the way everybody wanted them to go
(E) started to reach a common sense for them
55 – About the words purposefully, carefully and efficiently (paragraph 4) , it is correct to say that
(A) they are adjectives.
(B) they are nouns.
(C) they are verbs.
(D) they are prepositions.
(E) they are adverbs.
• Gabarito E
(A) they are adjectives.
(B) they are nouns.
(C) they are verbs.
(D) they are prepositions.
(E) they are adverbs.
56 – According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I – The company had a profit of hundreds of thousands of dollars.
II – The tricky word that caused the problem isn’t mentioned in the
text.
III – Native speakers don’t usually think they should adapt in order to
make themselves understood.
IV – Using abbreviations in emails facilitates the communication.
V – Non-native speakers choose language from a limited repertoire.
(A) I, II and III are correct.
(B) II, III and IV are correct.
(C) I, IV and V are correct.
(D) II, IV and V are correct.
(E) II, III and V are correct.
• Gabarito E
I – The company had a profit of hundreds of thousands of dollars.
II – The tricky word that caused the problem isn’t mentioned in the text.
III – Native speakers don’t usually think they should adapt in order to make themselves understood.
IV – Using abbreviations in emails facilitates the communication.

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