- Texto 1 – | Cause of grey hair may be 'stuck' cells, say scientists | www.bbc.com |
- Texto 2 – | Gel nails: Investigation launched into gel polish allergic reactions | www.bbc.com |
- 05 Multiple Choice Questions | Five-Option Question |
❑ TEXTO 1: Read the following text to answer questions 41
and 42.
Cause of grey hair may be 'stuck' cells, say
scientists
Causa dos cabelos brancos podem ser células 'presas', dizem cientistas
US scientists believe they may have uncovered why
hair turns grey as we age, citing pigment-making
cells which lose the ability to mature.
Cientistas norte-americanos acreditam ter descoberto porque razão o cabelo fica grisalho com a idade, citando células produtoras de pigmentos que perdem a capacidade de amadurecer.
The arrested development impacts immature cells
which would otherwise have developed into
melanocytes which give hair its natural color or
shade.
A interrupção do desenvolvimento afeta células imaturas que, de outra forma, se teriam desenvolvido em melanócitos, que dão ao cabelo a sua cor ou tonalidade natural.
The team from New York University (NYU) studied
the process in mice, which have identical cells for fur
color.
A equipa da Universidade de Nova Iorque (NYU) estudou o processo em ratinhos, que tĂȘm cĂ©lulas idĂȘnticas para a cor do pelo.
They say the work could provide a basis for
reversing the greying process.
Afirmam que o trabalho pode fornecer uma base para reverter o processo de envelhecimento.
According to the British Association of
Dermatologists (BAD), work on melanocytes might
also help our understanding and treatment of certain
cancers and other medical conditions too.
De acordo com a Associação Britùnica de Dermatologistas (BAD), o estudo dos melanócitos pode também ajudar na compreensão e no tratamento de certos tipos de cùncer e outras condiçÔes médicas.
Como Ă© que o cabelo fica grisalho?
We grow and shed hair all the time - it's a normal
cycle that happens throughout life.
Crescemos e perdemos cabelo a todo o momento — Ă© um ciclo normal que acontece ao longo da vida.
New hair grows from hair follicles, found in the skin,
where the pigment-producing melanocytes also
reside.
Novos pelos crescem a partir de folĂculos capilares, que se encontram na pele, onde tambĂ©m residem os melanĂłcitos produtores de pigmentos.
Melanocytes continuously decay and renew too.
Os melanócitos também se decompÔem e renovam continuamente.
New ones are made from stem cells and it's these
cells that the researchers believe become "stuck" in
limbo in people whose hair has turned grey.
Novos melanócitos são formados a partir de células estaminais, e são estas células que, segundo os pesquisadores, ficam "presas" no limbo nas pessoas cujo cabelo ficou grisalho.
NYU Langone Health team used special scans and
lab techniques to study the cell-aging process.
A equipa da NYU Langone Health utilizou exames especiais e técnicas laboratoriais para estudar o processo de envelhecimento celular.
As hair ages, sheds and then repeatedly grows
back, increasing numbers of the melanocyte stem
cells become sluggish at their job.
Ă medida que o cabelo envelhece, cai e volta a crescer repetidamente, um nĂșmero crescente de cĂ©lulas estaminais dos melanĂłcitos torna-se lento na sua função.
The stem cells stop roaming around the follicle and
become fixed, thereby failing to mature into fullyfledged melanocytes.
As cĂ©lulas estaminais deixam de circular pelo folĂculo e fixam-se, impedindo a maturação em melanĂłcitos completos.
With no pigment being
produced, the hair turns grey, white or silver.
Sem a produção de pigmento, o cabelo fica grisalho, branco ou prateado.
"Our study adds to our basic understanding of how
melanocyte stem cells work to color hair," study lead
investigator Dr Qi Sun, a post-doctoral fellow at NYU
Langone Health, told Nature journal.
"O nosso estudo contribui para a nossa compreensão båsica de como as células estaminais dos melanócitos atuam na coloração capilar", disse o Dr. Qi Sun, investigador principal do estudo e pós-doutoramento na NYU Langone Health, à revista Nature.
"The newfound mechanisms raise the possibility that
the same fixed-positioning of melanocyte stem cells
may exist in humans. If so, it presents a potential
pathway for reversing or preventing the greying."
Os novos mecanismos levantam a possibilidade de que o mesmo posicionamento fixo das células estaminais dos melanócitos possa existir nos humanos. Se for o caso, isto representa um potencial caminho para reverter ou prevenir o envelhecimento.
- Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-65309374. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
41 – US scientists believe that hair turns grey due to
(A) hair follicles, found in the skin, where
melanocytes reside.
(B) the excess of hair, as adults age.
(C) the increasing number of shed hair as adults
become older.
(D) the low number of stem cells, which are cells
that make our hair grow.
(E) cancer, since people who suffer from it usually
lose their hair.
• Gabarito A
US scientists believe that hair turns grey due to
Cientistas americanos acreditam que o cabelo fica grisalho devido Ă
(A) hair follicles, found in the skin, where melanocytes reside.
folĂculos pilosos, que se encontram na pele, onde residem os melanĂłcitos.
(B) the excess of hair, as adults age.
excesso de cabelo, Ă medida que os adultos envelhecem.
(C) the increasing number of shed hair as adults become older.
aumento da queda de cabelo Ă medida que os adultos envelhecem.
(D) the low number of stem cells, which are cells that make our hair grow.
baixo nĂșmero de cĂ©lulas estaminais, que sĂŁo as cĂ©lulas que fazem crescer o nosso cabelo.
(E) cancer, since people who suffer from it usually lose their hair.
cĂąncer, uma vez que as pessoas que dele sofrem perdem, geralmente, cabelo.
42 – According to the scientific explanation provided
in the text, the cells get "stuck" because of
(A) the treatment used for certain types of cancers
and other medical conditions.
(B) an unnatural cycle of hair, which should not
grow and shed all the time.
(C) the cell-aging process, in which stem cells
become sluggish at their job.
(D) healthy follicles that mature into melanocytes.
(E) the process that happened in mice, which have
the same type of hair as humans.
• Gabarito C
According to the scientific explanation provided in the text, the cells get "stuck" because of
De acordo com a explicação cientĂfica fornecida no texto, as cĂ©lulas ficam "presas" devido
(A) the treatment used for certain types of cancers and other medical conditions.
o tratamento utilizado para determinados tipos de cùncer e outras condiçÔes médicas.
(B) an unnatural cycle of hair, which should not grow and shed all the time.
um ciclo capilar anormal, que nĂŁo deveria crescer e cair sempre.
(C) the cell-aging process, in which stem cells become sluggish at their job.
o processo de envelhecimento celular, em que as células estaminais se tornam lentas na sua função.
(D) healthy follicles that mature into melanocytes.
folĂculos saudĂĄveis que amadurecem em melanĂłcitos.
(E) the process that happened in mice, which have the same type of hair as humans.
o processo que ocorreu nos ratinhos, que tĂȘm o mesmo tipo de cabelo que os humanos.
❑ TEXTO 2: Read the following text to answer questions 43,
44 and 45.
Gel nails: Investigation launched into gel polish
allergic reactions
Unhas de gel: Lançada investigação sobre reaçÔes alérgicas ao esmalte em gel
The government is investigating reports that growing
numbers of people are developing life-changing
allergies to some gel nail products.
O governo estĂĄ a investigar relatos de que um nĂșmero crescente de pessoas estĂĄ a desenvolver alergias que podem mudar as suas vidas a alguns produtos em gel para unhas.
Dermatologists say they are treating people for
allergic reactions to acrylic and gel nails "most
weeks".
Os dermatologistas afirmam que estĂŁo tratando pessoas com reaçÔes alĂ©rgicas a unhas com acrĂlico e gel "na maioria das semanas".
Dr Deirdre Buckley of the British Association of
Dermatologists urged people to cut down on gel nail
use and stick to "old-fashioned" polishes.
A Dra. Deirdre Buckley, da Associação Britùnica de Dermatologistas, pediu que as pessoas reduzam o uso de gel nas unhas e usem esmaltes "tradicionais".
She is now urging people to stop using DIY home
kits to treat their nails.
Ela estĂĄ agora encorajando as pessoas a pararem de usar kits caseiros para tratar as unhas.
Some people have reported nails loosening or falling
off, skin rashes or, in rarer cases, breathing
difficulties, she said.
Algumas pessoas relataram unhas soltando ou caindo, erupçÔes cutùneas ou, em casos mais raros, dificuldades respiratórias, disse ela.
On Friday, the government's Office for Product
Safety and Standards confirmed it was investigating
and said the first point of contact for anyone
developing an allergy after using a polish is their
local trading standards department.
Na sexta-feira, o Gabinete de Segurança e Normas de Produtos do governo confirmou que estava a investigar o caso e afirmou que o primeiro ponto de contacto para quem desenvolve alergia após usar um verniz de unhas é o departamento local de normas comerciais.
In a statement it said: "All cosmetics made available
in the UK must comply with strict safety laws.
Em comunicado, o organismo afirmou: "Todos os cosméticos disponibilizados no Reino Unido devem cumprir rigorosas leis de segurança."
This
includes a list of ingredients to enable consumers
with allergies to identify products that may be
unsuitable for them."
Isto inclui uma lista de ingredientes para permitir que os consumidores com alergias identifiquem produtos que podem ser inadequados para eles."
Although most gel polish manicures are safe and
result in no problems, the British Association of
Dermatologists is warning that the methacrylate
chemicals - found in gel and acrylic nails - can cause
allergic reactions in some people.
Embora a maioria das manicures com verniz gel sejam seguras e nĂŁo causem problemas, a Associação BritĂąnica de Dermatologistas alerta que os produtos quĂmicos metacrilatos — encontrados nas unhas de gel e acrĂlico — podem causar reaçÔes alĂ©rgicas em algumas pessoas.
It often occurs when gels and polishes are applied at
home, or by untrained technicians.
Isto ocorre frequentemente quando os géis e esmaltes são aplicados em casa ou por profissionais não treinados.
Dr Buckley - who co-authored a report about the
issue in 2018 - told the BBC it was growing into "a
very serious and common problem".
O Dr. Buckley – coautor de um relatĂłrio sobre o assunto em 2018 – disse Ă BBC que o problema estava a tornar-se "um problema muito sĂ©rio e comum".
"We're seeing it more and more because more
people are buying DIY kits, developing an allergy
and then going to a salon, and the allergy gets
worse."
Estamos vendo isto cada vez mais porque mais pessoas estĂŁo comprando kits "faça vocĂȘ mesmo", a desenvolver uma alergia e depois a ir a um salĂŁo de beleza, e a alergia piora.
She said in "an ideal situation", people would stop
using gel nail polish and go back to old fashioned
nail polishes, "which are much less sensitizing".
Ela disse que, "numa situação ideal", as pessoas deixariam de usar esmalte gel e voltariam aos esmaltes tradicionais, "que são muito menos sensibilizantes".
"If people are determined to continue with acrylate
nail products, they should get them done
professionally," she added.
"Se as pessoas estĂŁo determinadas a continuar a usar produtos de acrilato para as unhas, devem levĂĄ-los a um profissional", acrescentou.
Gel polish treatments have spiked in popularity over
recent years because the polish is long-lasting.
Os tratamentos com esmalte gel tĂȘm ganho popularidade nos Ășltimos anos devido Ă sua longa duração.
But
unlike other nail polishes, gel varnish needs to be
"cured" under a UV light to dry.
Mas, ao contrĂĄrio de outros vernizes, o verniz gel precisa de ser "curado" sob luz UV para secar.
However, the UV lamps that are purchased to dry
the polish do not work with every type of gel.
No entanto, as lĂąmpadas UV compradas para secar o verniz nĂŁo funcionam com todos os tipos de gel.
If a lamp is not at least 36 watts or the correct
wavelength, the acrylates - a group of chemicals
used to bond the gel - do not dry properly,
penetrating the nail bed and surrounding skin,
causing irritation and allergies.
Se a lĂąmpada nĂŁo tiver pelo menos 36 watts ou o comprimento de onda correto, os acrilatos – um grupo de substĂąncias quĂmicas utilizadas para fixar o gel – nĂŁo secam adequadamente, penetrando no leito ungueal e na pele circundante, causando irritação e alergias.
- Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-65273991.
43 – In the text, Doctor Deirdre Buckley, of the British
Association of Dermatologists, is warning
people about
(A) the dermatologists that are treating people's
nails.
(B) the urge to diminish the gel nail use.
(C) the amount of old nail polish being employed on
nails.
(D) how many kits of "do-it-yourself" nail polish are
being sold on the internet.
(E) allergic reactions to acrylic products, which are
common on any American household.
• Gabarito B
In the text, Doctor Deirdre Buckley, of the British Association of Dermatologists, is warning people about
No texto, a dra. Deirdre Buckley, da Associação Britùnica de Dermatologistas, alerta as pessoas para
(A) the dermatologists that are treating people's nails.
os dermatologistas que tratam as unhas das pessoas.
(B) the urge to diminish the gel nail use.
a necessidade de diminuir o uso de gel em unhas.
(C) the amount of old nail polish being employed on nails.
a quantidade de esmalte tradicional utilizado nas unhas.
(D) how many kits of "do-it-yourself" nail polish are being sold on the internet.
a quantidade de kits de esmalte "faça vocĂȘ mesmo" vendidos na internet.
(E) allergic reactions to acrylic products, which are common on any American household.
as reaçÔes alĂ©rgicas aos produtos de acrĂlico, comuns em qualquer lar americano.
44 – In the sentence "In a statement it said: "All
cosmetics made available in the UK must
comply with strict safety laws", "comply" can be
substituted with no change in the meaning of the
sentence by
(A) “fail”.
(B) “condemn”.
(C) “withhold”.
(D) “dissuade”.
(E) “adhere to”.
• Gabarito E
In the sentence "In a statement it said: "All cosmetics made available in the UK must comply with strict safety laws", "comply" can be substituted with no change in the meaning of the sentence by
Na frase "Numa declaração, foi dito: "Todos os cosmĂ©ticos disponibilizados no Reino Unido devem cumprir rigorosas leis de segurança", "cumprir" pode ser substituĂdo, sem alteração do significado da frase, por
(A) “fail”.
"reprovar".
(B) “condemn”.
"condenar".
(C) “withhold”.
"reter".
(D) “dissuade”.
"dissuadir".
(E) “adhere to”.
"aderir a".
45 – Gel nail polish needs to be under a UV light to
dry, however, according to the text, the problem
with some UV lamps is that
(A) UV lamps are only bought by professional nail
artists.
(B) if acrylates are exposed to UV light for a long
time, they may cause allergies.
(C) they might cause skin cancer when exposed for
a long period.
(D) the acrylates do not work if the UV light is not
on a flat surface.
(E) not all of UV lamps bought dry every type of gel.
• Gabarito E
Gel nail polish needs to be under a UV light to dry, however, according to the text, the problem with some UV lamps is that
O esmalte gel precisa estar sob luz UV para secar. No entanto, de acordo com o texto, o problema de algumas lĂąmpadas UV Ă© que
(A) UV lamps are only bought by professional nail artists.
as lĂąmpadas UV sĂŁo adquiridas apenas por manicures profissionais.
(B) if acrylates are exposed to UV light for a long time, they may cause allergies.
Se os acrilatos forem expostos Ă luz UV durante muito tempo, podem causar alergias.
(C) they might cause skin cancer when exposed for a long period.
Podem causar cancro de pele quando expostos por um longo perĂodo.
(D) the acrylates do not work if the UV light is not on a flat surface.
os acrilatos nĂŁo funcionam se a luz UV nĂŁo estiver numa superfĂcie plana.
(E) not all of UV lamps bought dry every type of gel.
nem todas as lĂąmpadas UV adquiridas secam todos os tipos de gel..

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