FGV-SP-2018-ECONOMIA-VESTIBULAR 1º SEMESTRE-Escola de Economia da Fundação Getúlio Getúlio Vargas - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e Questões Comentadas - https://valdenorenglish.blogspot.com/

Welcome back to another post!

➧NESTE POST: PROVA de INGLÊS da FGV-EESP-VESTIBULAR-2018, aplicada em 19/11/2017. 

➧BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:

➧LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais, revistas, websites, é um excelente treino para a prova.

➧PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA:

• 15 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).

➧TÓPICOS ABORDADOS ao longo da prova:

1-VERBS:

• [to agree = concordar]

• [to back = apoiar, dar suporte (financeiro, material, moral)]

• [to lure = atrair, fascinar]

• [recoup (riKûp) = compensar, recuperar]

2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:

• [ = ]

3-PERFECT TENSE - USES:

• [This year has been particularly lavish. = Este ano foi particularmente pródigo]

• [his arrival has boosted = sua chegada aumentou]

4-MODAL VERBS - USES:

• [ = ]

5-NOUN:

• [gloss = lustro, brilho]

• [sponsors = patrocinadores]

6-ADJECTIVES:

• [lavish = pródigo, generoso]

7-ADVERBS:

• [ = ]

8-NOUN PHRASES(Adjective+noun):

• [the prior record price = o preço recorde anterior]

• [ticket sales = vendas de ingressos]

9-IDIOMS(Expressões Idiomáticas):

• [ = ]

10-COLLOCATIONS:

• [ = ]

11-TECHNICAL ENGLISH(Business English, Finance English and so on):

• [spending = gasto]

• [average net spending = gasto líquido médio]

• [Brazilian forward = atacante brasileiro]

• [revenue = receita, renda]

• [transfer market = mercado de transferência]

12-CONNECTORES AND LINKERS:

• [ = ]

13-GENITIVE CASE:

• [the club’s brand = a marca do clube]

• [football’s richest = a mais rica do futebol]

• [PSG’s revenues = Receitas do PSG]

14-FALSE COGNATES:

(A) audience X audiência.

• [audience (Óríêns) = público, plateia, espectadores. NÃO É audiência.]

• [audiência (de justiça) = court appearance] 

➧Agora vamos à PROVA!
• TEXTO: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 76 a 90.

Why the world’s best footballers are cheaper than they seem

August 12, 2017

1

For football clubs, August is often the costliest month, when they make vast bids for each other’s players. This year has been particularly lavish. On August 3rd Paris SaintGermain (PSG), a French team, signed Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior, a Brazilian forward, from Barcelona for €222m ($264m), more than twice the prior record price for a footballer.
2
With three weeks of the transfer “window” left, teams in Europe’s “big five” leagues — the top divisions in England, Spain, Germany, Italy and France — have paid €3.2bn, just short of the record of €3.4bn set last year. The €179m splurged by Manchester City, an English club, on defenders outstrips 47 countries’ defence budgets. Arsène Wenger, a veteran manager of Arsenal, a London team, and an economics graduate, describes the modern transfer market as “beyond calculation and beyond rationality”

3
Neymar, as he is known, will cost PSG’s owners, a branch of Qatar’s sovereign-wealth fund, about €500m over five years. In the betting markets, his arrival has boosted PSG’s implied chances of winning the Champions League, Europe’s most coveted club competition — but only from around 5.5% to about 9%. And prize money and ticket sales alone struggle to generate enough revenue to recoup such an outlay.
4
That does not make Neymar a bad investment. The goals he scores may matter less than the gloss he lends to the club’s brand and the sponsors he will lure. He earns more from endorsements than any footballer except Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi. Some 59% of PSG’s revenue of €520m last year was commercial (that is, other than ticket sales and broadcasting fees), more than any other club in the big five leagues. Neymar has more followers on Instagram, a social network, than does Nike, his main sponsor and the provider of PSG’s kit, for which privilege it pays €24m a year. Neymar’s popularity will help PSG when this deal is renegotiated. Nike has already agreed to pay Barcelona €155m a season from 2018.
5
PSG’s owners are confident of breaking even, though they could afford a loss. Qatar has been spending €420m a week preparing for the 2022 World Cup, and the signing of Neymar is a message that the otherwise embattled country remains strong and rich. The danger is to PSG, since under “financial fair play” rules, teams are punished if they fail to limit their losses. In 2014 the club was fined for violating these. Another failure to balance the books could mean a ban from the Champions League.
6
Such spending caps irk billionaire owners, but they have helped prevent the inflation of a transfer-fee bubble. The rapid rise is a result of European football’s expanding fan base. In the English Premier League, football’s richest, average net spending on players per club has stayed roughly constant, hovering at around 15% of revenue since the 1990s, according to the 21st Club, a football consultancy.
7
As long as clubs’ revenues keep growing, the transfer boom is likely to persist. Broadcasting revenue, the game’s first big injection of cash in the 1990s, has become, in the internet era, the weakest link. British television audiences for live games have dipped as some fans opt for illegal streaming sites or free highlights. Zach Fuller, a media analyst, reckons that signing a sponsorship magnet like Neymar is a hedge against volatility in that market.
8
Audiences are more robust elsewhere: around 100m Chinese viewers tune into the biggest games. Manchester United are the most popular team on Chinese social media, despite qualifying for the Champions League only twice in the past four seasons. They have overtaken Real Madrid, who have won the trophy three times in the same period, as the world’s most prosperous club. If Neymar unlocks new markets as well as defences, then PSG _______ a winner.

(www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/ 21726098-share-clubs-revenues-highest-transferfees-have-been-fairly-constant. Adaptado)

👉 Questão  76 :
The title – Why the world’s best footballers are cheaper than they seem – is reflected by the following fragment of the text:
(A) This year has been particularly lavish. (paragraph 1)
(B) …the modern transfer market as “beyond calculation and beyond rationality”. (paragraph 2)
(C) The goals he scores may matter less than the gloss he lends to the club’s brand and the sponsors he will lure. (paragraph 4)
(D) In the English Premier League, football’s richest, average net spending on players per club has stayed roughly constant, hovering at around 15% of revenue since the 1990s. (paragraph 6)
(E) Manchester United are the most popular team on Chinese social media, despite qualifying for the Champions League only twice in the past four seasons. (paragraph 8)

R E S P O S T A :   C

• O título - Por que os melhores jogadores de futebol do mundo são mais baratos do que parecem - é refletido no seguinte fragmento do texto:

(A) This year has been particularly lavish. (paragraph 1)

• Este ano foi particularmente pródigo.
(B) …the modern transfer market as “beyond calculation and beyond rationality”. (paragraph 2)

• ... o mercado de transferência moderno como “além do cálculo e além da racionalidade".
(C) The goals he scores may matter less than the gloss he lends to the club’s brand and the sponsors he will lure. (paragraph 4)

• Os gols , que ele marca, podem ter menos importância do que o brilho que ele empresta à marca do clube e aos patrocinadores que ele vai atrair. (parágrafo 4)
(D) In the English Premier League, football’s richest, average net spending on players per club has stayed roughly constant, hovering at around 15% of revenue since the 1990s. (paragraph 6)

• Na Premier League inglesa, a mais rica do futebol, o gasto médio líquido com jogadores por clube permaneceu quase constante, oscilando em cerca de 15% da receita desde os anos 1990.
(E) Manchester United are the most popular team on Chinese social media, despite qualifying for the Champions League only twice in the past four seasons. (paragraph 8)

• O Manchester United é o time mais popular nas redes sociais chinesas, apesar de se classificar para a Liga dos Campeões apenas duas vezes nas últimas quatro temporadas.
👉 Questão  77 :
According to the first and second paragraphs,

(A) the top five football leagues in Europe have paid record transfer fees in 2017.
(B) Manchester City defence budget equals to just 47 other teams.
(C) PSG displays the best player of all European football teams.
(D) not everyone agrees with the path transfer market has taken.
(E) although Barcelona has got a massive amount of money for Neymar, it was a bad business.

R E S P O S T A :   D

• De acordo com o 1º e 2º parágrafos,

(A) the top five football leagues in Europe have paid record transfer fees in 2017.

• as cinco principais ligas de futebol da Europa pagaram taxas de transferência recordes em 2017.
(B) Manchester City defence budget equals to just 47 other teams.

• O orçamento de defesa do Manchester City é igual a apenas 47 outras equipes.
(C) PSG displays the best player of all European football teams.

• O PSG exibe o melhor jogador de todos os times de futebol europeus.
(D) not everyone agrees with the path transfer market has taken.

• nem todo mundo concorda com o caminho que o mercado de transferência tomou.
(E) although Barcelona has got a massive amount of money for Neymar, it was a bad business.

• embora o Barcelona tenha uma enorme quantidade de dinheiro para Neymar, foi um péssimo negócio.

👉 Questão  78 :

The excerpt from the first paragraph – …the prior record price for a footballer. – is stated in the table “Transfer pricing” as the amount paid for
(A) Paul Pogba.
(B) Gonzalo Higuaín.
(C) Zinedine Zidane.
(D) Cristiano Ronaldo.
(E) Neymar.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• O trecho do primeiro parágrafo -… o preço recorde anterior para um jogador de futebol. - é indicado na tabela "Preços de transferência" como o montante pago por...

(A) Paul Pogba.

• Montante pago: €105m. 
(B) Gonzalo Higuaín.
(C) Zinedine Zidane.
(D) Cristiano Ronaldo.
(E) Neymar.
👉 Questão  79 :
The fragment from the third paragraph – …from around 5.5% to about 9%.– refers to
(A) the cost to PSG’s owners.
(B) boosted PSG’s implied chances of winning the Champions League.
(C) betting markets.
(D) prize money and ticket sales.
(E) €500m over five years.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• O fragmento do terceiro parágrafo -… de cerca de 5,5% para cerca de 9%. - refere-se a....

(A) the cost to PSG’s owners.
(B) boosted PSG’s implied chances of winning the Champions League.

• "from around 5.5% to about 9%" refere-se a "has boosted PSG’s implied chances of winning the Champions League".

• Informação (B) de acordo com o trecho:

• "[...] In the betting markets, his arrival has boosted PSG’s implied chances of winning the Champions League, Europe’s most coveted club competition — but only from around 5.5% to about 9%.

• Nos mercados de apostas, sua chegada aumentou as chances implícitas do PSG de vencer a Liga dos Campeões, a competição de clubes mais cobiçada da Europa - mas apenas de cerca de 5,5% para cerca de 9%.

(C) betting markets.
(D) prize money and ticket sales.
(E) €500m over five years.
👉 Questão  80 :
According to the fourth paragraph, Neymar is not a bad investment to PSG because
(A) he scores spectacular goals even if they are not so many.
(B) he soon will overtake Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi in terms of endorsements.
(C) ticket sales will skyrocket due to his superior performance.
(D) his association to Nike creates a dynamic social networking.
(E) more than half of PSG’s revenues are commercial and Neymar will add a lot to them.

R E S P O S T A :   E

• De acordo com o 4º parágrafo, Neymar não é um mau investimento para o PSG porque...

(A) he scores spectacular goals even if they are not so many.
(B) he soon will overtake Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi in terms of endorsements.
(C) ticket sales will skyrocket due to his superior performance.
(D) his association to Nike creates a dynamic social networking.
(E) more than half of PSG’s revenues are commercial and Neymar will add a lot to them.

• mais da metade das receitas do PSG são comerciais e Neymar vai agregar muito a elas.
👉 Questão  81 :
The excerpt from the fourth paragraph –… that is, other than ticket sales and broadcasting fees…– provides
(A) an example.
(B) an explanation.
(C) a generalization.
(D) a result.
(E) an emphasis.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• O trecho do 4º parágrafo  –… that is, other than ticket sales and broadcasting fees…– (isto é, além da venda de ingressos e taxas de transmissão ...) fornece....

(A) an example.

• um exemplo.
(B) an explanation.

• uma explicação.

• "that is" é expressão introdutora de explicação.

(C) a generalization.

• uma generalização.
(D) a result.

• um resultado.
(E) an emphasis.

• uma ênfase.
👉 Questão  82 :
The idea expressed in the excerpt from the fifth paragraph – PSG’s owners are confident of breaking even, though they could afford a loss. – is the following:
(A) Although PSG’s owners might lose, they believe they will neither win nor lose.
(B) PSG’s owners made a bet since they think they will win a huge profit.
(C) Losing is out of question because PSG’s owners know what they are doing.
(D) However lucky and wealthy they are, PSG’s owners should lose money.
(E) Breaking even is most likely for PSG’s owners because there is no chance for losing.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• A ideia expressa no trecho do quinto parágrafo - os proprietários do PSG estão confiantes de que vão equilibrar as contas, embora eles possam suportar uma perda. - é o seguinte:

(A) Although PSG’s owners might lose, they believe they will neither win nor lose.

•  Embora os proprietários do PSG possam perder, eles acreditam que nem vão ganhar nem perder.
(B) PSG’s owners made a bet since they think they will win a huge profit.

• Os proprietários do PSG fizeram uma aposta porque acham que terão um lucro enorme.
(C) Losing is out of question because PSG’s owners know what they are doing.

• Perder está fora de questão porque os proprietários do PSG sabem o que estão fazendo.
(D) However lucky and wealthy they are, PSG’s owners should lose money.

• Por mais sortudos e ricos que sejam, os proprietários do PSG devem perder dinheiro.
(E) Breaking even is most likely for PSG’s owners because there is no chance for losing.

• O empate é mais provável para os proprietários do PSG porque não há chance de perder.
👉 Questão  83 :
In the fragment from the fifth paragraph – …and the signing of Neymar is a message that the otherwise embattled country remains strong and rich… –, the word in bold, in this context, means
(A) in similar circumstances.
(B) under the same conditions.
(C) furthermore.
(D) up till now.
(E) in diverse respects.

R E S P O S T A :   E

• No fragmento do 5º parágrafo - …and the signing of Neymar is a message that the otherwise embattled country remains strong and rich… - (a assinatura de Neymar é uma mensagem de que o país em conflito , de outra forma, continua forte e rico), a palavra em negrito, neste contexto, significa

(A) in similar circumstances.

• em circunstâncias semelhantes.
(B) under the same conditions.

• nas mesmas condições.
(C) furthermore.

• além disso.
(D) up till now.

• até agora.
(E) in diverse respects.

• em diversos aspectos.

• O advérbio "otherwise"(em outros aspectos) e a expressão "in diverse respects" transmitem a mesma ideia.

👉 Questão  84 :
According to the fifth paragraph,
(A) PSG have already been fined in 2014 and ought to be fined again for the second time.
(B) PSG have reduced investments because Qatar, their owner, is in financial trouble.
(C) in 2014, PSG had to renegotiate its debts due to previous overspending.
(D) if PSG do not respect the financial rules for the second time, they will be excluded from the Champions League.
(E) PSG are confident that the past debts will be largely covered this year.

R E S P O S T A :   D

• De acordo com o 5º parágrafo,

(A) PSG have already been fined in 2014 and ought to be fined again for the second time.

• O PSG já foi autuado em 2014 e deve ser multado novamente.
(B) PSG have reduced investments because Qatar, their owner, is in financial trouble.

• O PSG reduziu os investimentos porque o Catar, seu proprietário, está com problemas financeiros.
(C) in 2014, PSG had to renegotiate its debts due to previous overspending.

• em 2014, o PSG teve que renegociar suas dívidas devido a gastos anteriores.
(D) if PSG do not respect the financial rules for the second time, they will be excluded from the Champions League.

• se o PSG não respeitar as regras financeiras pela segunda vez, será excluído da Liga dos Campeões.
(E) PSG are confident that the past debts will be largely covered this year.

• O PSG está confiante de que as dívidas anteriores serão amplamente cobertas neste ano.
👉 Questão  85 :
According to the seventh paragraph, broadcasting audiences have shifted to
(A) TV.
(B) live games.
(C) the internet.
(D) radio highlights.
(E) sports blogs.

R E S P O S T A :   C

• De acordo com o 7º parágrafo, os públicos de transmissão mudaram para ...

(A) TV.
(B) live games.
(C) the internet.
(D) radio highlights.
(E) sports blogs.
👉 Questão  86 :
In the excerpt from the seventh paragraph – …television audiences for live games have dipped as some fans opt for… –, the word in bold can be replaced, without meaning change, by
(A) since.
(B) so.
(C) like.
(D) if.
(E) unless.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• No trecho do 7º parágrafo – …television audiences for live games have dipped as some fans opt for… –(o público da televisão para jogos ao vivo caiu visto que alguns fãs optaram por) -, a palavra em negrito pode ser substituída, sem mudança de significado, por

(A) since.

• visto que, já que, porque.

• "as" e "since" são intercambiáveis, quando transmitem a ideia de "porque, visto que, já que".
(B) so.

• portanto.
(C) like.

• tal como.
(D) if.

• se.
(E) unless.

• a não ser que.
👉 Questão  87 :
In the excerpt from the seventh paragraph – …signing a sponsorship magnet like Neymar is a hedge against volatility in that market. –, the expression in bold means
(A) open gate.
(B) incentive.
(C) danger.
(D) protection.
(E) speculation.

R E S P O S T A :  D

• No trecho do 7º parágrafo – …signing a sponsorship magnet like Neymar is a hedge against volatility in that market. –(assinar um ímã de patrocínio como o Neymar é uma proteção contra a volatilidade desse mercado.), a expressão em negrito significa ...

(A) open gate.

• portão aberto.
(B) incentive.

• incentivo.
(C) danger.

• perigo.
(D) protection.

• proteção.
(E) speculation.

• especulação.
👉 Questão  88 :
In the fragment from the eighth paragraph – …despite qualifying for the Champions League only twice… –, the word in bold bears an idea of
(A) comparison.
(B) contrast.
(C) agreement.
(D) purpose.
(E) exception.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• No fragmento do 8º parágrafo -… apesar de ter se classificado para a Champions League apenas duas vezes… -, a palavra em negrito traz uma ideia de...

(A) comparison.
(B) contrast.
(C) agreement.
(D) purpose.
(E) exception.
👉 Questão  89 :
In the excerpt from the eighth paragraph – If Neymar unlocks new markets as well as defences… – the word in bold can be correctly replaced, without meaning change, by
(A) wishfully.
(B) whether or not.
(C) provided that.
(D) rather.
(E) anyway.

R E S P O S T A :   C

• No trecho do 8º parágrafo – If Neymar unlocks new markets as well as defences… – (Se o Neymar desbloquear novos mercados além de defesas) - a palavra em negrito pode ser substituída corretamente, sem mudança de significado, por

(A) wishfully.
(B) whether or not.
(C) provided that.

• desde que, contanto que, na condição de que.
(D) rather.
(E) anyway.
👉 Questão  90 :
Mark the alternative that fills in the gap in the eighth paragraph correctly.
(A) ought to back.
(B) needing to back.
(C) is willing to back.
(D) is used to backing.
(E) may have backed.

R E S P O S T A :   E

• Marque a alternativa que preenche a lacuna no 8º parágrafo corretamente.

• If Neymar unlocks new markets as well as defences, then PSG _______ a winner.

• Se Neymar desbloquear novos mercados e também defesas, o PSG pode ter apoiado em um vencedor.

(A) ought to back.
(B) needing to back.
(C) is willing to back.
(D) is used to backing.
(E) may have backed.