Como converter Voz Passiva (PASSIVE VOICE) para Voz Ativa(ACTIVE VOICE) & Voz Ativa (ACITIVE VOICE) para Voz Passiva(PASSIVE VOICE) em inglĂȘs.
Welcome back to another post!
Bem-vindo a outro post que trata do tĂłpico "CONVERSĂO DE VOZES VERBAIS", assunto muito recorrente em questĂ”es de vestibulares e concursos pĂșblicos.
Neste post, veremos como fazer a conversĂŁo de VOZ PASSIVA para VOZ ATIVA, e vice-versa.
(A) DEFINIĂĂO DE VOZ VERBAL:
Em
inglĂȘs, chamamos a voz ativa de ACTIVE VOICE e a voz passiva denominamos de PASSIVE VOICE.
EntĂŁo, perceba que, quando se identifica o tipo da voz verbal, descobre-se:
EntĂŁo, perceba que, quando se identifica o tipo da voz verbal, descobre-se:
• DESTAQUE PARA QUEM CONCEDE o objeto da ação verbal (ACTIVE VOICE) ou
• DESTAQUE PARA QUEM RECEBE o objeto da ação verbal (PASSIVE VOICE).
- VĂȘ o exemplo (CESPE-DIPLOMATA-1ÂȘFASE-2011):
- "[...] I should like to dispose of my fortune to found
a prize to be awarded every
five years” to the person who had contributed most effectively to the
peace of Europe." (Gostaria de dispor da minha fortuna para fundar um prĂ©mio a ser entregue de cinco em cinco anos” Ă pessoa que mais eficazmente contribuiu para a paz da Europa.)
- Na sentença, a forma verbal “to be awarded” estĂĄ na voz passiva, o foco nĂŁo estĂĄ em quem vai premiar (to award) mas no prĂȘmio (prize) propriamente dito.
* VĂȘ o site:
(B) SOBRE O ACTIVE VOICE:
◼ Active Voice is the grammatical form in which the subject performs the action of the verb.(CAMBRIDGE DICTONARY)
◼ Active Voice is the form of a verb in which the subject is the person or thing that performs the action.(OXFORD LEARNER'S DICTIONARIES)
◼ No ACTIVE VOICE, o destaque Ă© dado ao SUBJECT (sujeito) da oração, porque na voz ativa Ă© o sujeito que realiza ação do verbo.
• A formação da voz ativa Ă©: [SUBJECT + VERB+OBJECT]
*Verbo = poderĂĄ estĂĄ em diferentes tempos verbais.
◼ 1ÂȘ Situação: PRESENT SIMPLE:
1) Jenny cleans the house every day.
• Jenny limpa a casa todos os dias.
◼ 1ÂȘ Situação: PRESENT SIMPLE:
1) Jenny cleans the house every day.
• Jenny limpa a casa todos os dias.
• [verb form] = cleans (is in the active voice)
• [Subject] = Jenny (Jenny realiza a ação de limpar)
• [verb voice] = active voice
2) He hits the ball.(MERRIAM-WEBSTER'S dictionary of english usage)
• Ele bate na bola.
• [verb form] = hits (is in the active voice)
• [Subject] = he (ele realiza a ação de bater)
• [verb voice] = active voice
◼ 2ÂȘ Situação: PRESENT PROGRESSIVE:
1) Sean is cleaning the house now!
1) Sean is cleaning the house now!
• Sean estĂĄ limpando a casa agora!
• [verb form] = is cleaning (is in the active voice)
• [Subject] = Sean (Sean estar realizando a ação de limpar)
• [verb voice] = active voice
(Jenny estĂĄ limpando a casa agora!)
(Jenny estĂĄ limpando a casa agora!)
◼ 3ÂȘ Situação: PAST SIMPLE:
1) She drove the car.(OXFORD LEARNER'S DICTIONARIES)
• Ela dirigiu o carro.
• [verb form] = drove (is in the active voice)
• [Subject] = he (ela realizou a ação de dirigir)
• [verb voice] = active voice
2) She hit the ball.(CAMBRIDGE DICTONARY)
• Ela bateu na bola.
• [verb form] = hit (is in the active voice)
• [Subject] = he (ela realizou a ação de bater)
• [verb voice] = active voice
◼ 4ÂȘ Situação: PAST PROGRESSIVE:
1) Jack was writing an email a couple of hours ago.
• Jack estava escrevendo um e-mail algumas horas atrĂĄs.
• [verb form] = was writing (is in the active voice)
• [Subject] = he (Jack estava realizando a ação de escrever)
• [verb voice] = active voice
◼ 5ÂȘ Situação: FUTURE SIMPLE:
1) I'll make the dinner when I have time.
1) I'll make the dinner when I have time.
• Eu irei fazer o jantar quando tiver tempo.
• [verb form] = will make (is in the active voice)
• [Subject] = I (Eu irei realizar a ação de fazer)
• [verb voice] = active voice
◼ 6ÂȘ Situação: PRESENT PERFECT:
1) Rachel has cleaned the house.
• Rachel tĂȘm limpado a casa.
• [verb form] = has cleaned (is in the active voice)
• [Subject] = Rachel (Rachel tem realizado a ação de limpar)
• [verb voice] = active voice
◼ 7ÂȘ Situação: PAST PERFECT:
1) When I got home, Rachel had cleaned the house.
• Quando eu cheguei em casa, Rachel tinha limpado a casa.
• [verb form] = had cleaned (is in the active voice)
• [Subject] = Rachel (Rachel jĂĄ tinha realizado a ação de limpar)
• [verb voice] = active voice
(B) SOBRE O PASSIVE VOICE:
◼ Passive Voice is the relationship between a subject and a verb in which the subject receives the action of the verb, or the verb forms which show this relationship.(CAMBRIDGE DICTONARY)
◼ No PASSIVE VOICE, o destaque Ă© dado ao OBJECT (objeto) da oração.
◼ A formação Ă©: [subject+ [pacote TO BE]+Participle Past do Main Verb]+OBJECT]
◼ Esse "pacote to be" poderĂĄ ser uma das estruturas verbais a seguir:◼ [is/are] = Present Simple.
◼ [is/are+being] = Present Progressive.
◼ [was/were] = Past Simple.
◼ [was/were+being] = Past Progressive.
◼ [will be] = Future Simple.
◼ [has/have been] = Present Perfect.
◼ [had been] = Past Perfect.
(B) SOBRE A CONVERSĂO ACTIVE VOICE para PASSIVE VOICE:
◼ Sempre que for converter, procure de imediato, identificar o tempo verbal da voz ativa.
◼ Ă fundamental o conhecimento prĂ©vio desse tempo verbal para que se possa fazer a devida conversĂŁo.
◼ Na Passive Voice, o tempo verbal do TO BE deve ser o mesmo do tempo do Main Verb na Active Voice.
◼ Relembrar Ă© que o MAIN VERB(verbo principal) na voz passiva deve estar no PARTICIPLE PAST(particĂpio passado).
◼ Relembrar Ă© que o MAIN VERB(verbo principal) na voz passiva deve estar no PARTICIPLE PAST(particĂpio passado).
◼ EXEMPLOS:
1) Jenny cleans the house every day.
• Jenny[subject] cleans[main verb] the house[object] every day.
• [main verb] = cleans (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'present simple'
• [past perfect of main verb] = cleaned
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'present simple'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• The house is cleaned by Jenny every day.(is in the passive voice)
• A casa Ă© limpa por Jenny todos os dias.
2) Jenny has cleaned the house.
• [main verb] = has cleaned (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'present perfect'
• [to be in 'present perfect' = has been
• [past perfect of main verb] = cleaned
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'present perfect'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• The house has been cleaned by Jenny.(is in the passive voice)
• A casa tem sido limpa por Jenny.
3) When I got home, Rachel had cleaned the house.
• [main verb] = had cleaned (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'past perfect'
• [to be in 'present perfect' = had been
• [past perfect of main verb] = cleaned
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'past perfect'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• The house had been cleaned by Rachel.(is in the passive voice)
• Quando cheguei em casa, Rachel havia limpado a casa.
4) The men built that house last year.
• [main verb] = built (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'past simple'
• [to be in 'past simple'] = were
• [past perfect of main verb] = built
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'present perfect'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• That house were built by mens last year.(is in the passive voice)
• Essa casa foi construĂda pelo os homens no ano passado.
5) A fire destroyed three metal buildings.
• [main verb] = destroyed (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'past simple'
• [to be in 'past simple'] = were
• [past perfect of main verb] = destroyed
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'present perfect'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• Three metal buildings were destroyed by a fire.
• TrĂȘs edifĂcios de metal foram destruĂdos por um incĂȘndio.
QUESTĂES DE VESTIBULARES E CONCURSOS
• QUESTĂO 01:
The passive voice of "Thousands of people welcomed the President at the airport." is:
(B) The President at the airport welcomed thousands of people.
(C) The President is welcome at the airport by thousands of people.
(D) At the airport the President be welcome by thousands of people.
(E) The President was welcome at the airport by thousands of people.
• ANSWER (A)
- Sentença da questão:
"Thousands of people welcomed the President at the airport."
• [main verb] = welcomed (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'past simple'
• [to be in 'past simple'] = was
• [past perfect of main verb] = welcomed
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'present perfect'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• The President was welcomed by thousands of people at the airport.
• O presidente foi recebido por milhares de pessoas no aeroporto.
- EXPLANATION:
1) TO WELCOME(dar as boas vindas/recepcionar) Ă© um verbo
regular, o passado Ă© "welcomed" e o particĂpio passado Ă© "welcomed".
2) WAS(3ÂȘ pessoa do singular) faz a concordĂąncia verbal com "The President".
3) Na conversĂŁo, foi utilizada a estrutura "was welcomed" com "BY".
4) Na conversĂŁo, nĂŁo se desloca a estrutura adverbial de lugar "at the airport".
• QUESTĂO 02:
• QUESTĂO 02:
The passive form of "Nobody will lay the stones on the wall" is:
( a ) The stones will be lain on the wall.
( b ) Nobody will be laid the stones on the wall.
( c ) The stones will be laid on the wall by nobody.
( d ) The wall will be lay the stones by nobody.
( e ) The stones will not be laid on the wall.
• ANSWER (E)
( b ) Nobody will be laid the stones on the wall.
( c ) The stones will be laid on the wall by nobody.
( d ) The wall will be lay the stones by nobody.
( e ) The stones will not be laid on the wall.
• ANSWER (E)
- Sentença da questão 02:
"Nobody will lay the stones on the wall"
• [main verb] = will lay (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'future simple'
• [to be in 'future simple'] = will not be
* Devido a presença de NOBODY, que tem carga semùntica negativa, a estrutura "will be" tem que negar, neste caso basta colocar "not" entre "will" e "be", ou seja ,a estrutura na voz passiva serå "will not be".
• [past perfect of main verb] = laid
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'future simple'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• The stones will not be laid on the wall.
• As pedras nĂŁo serĂŁo colocadas na parede.
- EXPLANATION:
1) TO LAY(por/colocar algo) Ă© um verbo irregular, o passado Ă© "laid" e o particĂpio passado Ă© "laid".
2) Na conversĂŁo, nĂŁo se desloca a estrutura adverbial de lugar "on the wall".
3) Na conversĂŁo, nĂŁo se coloca NOBODY porque jĂĄ existe a partĂcula negativa "not" na sentença.
4) Na conversĂŁo, nĂŁo houve necessidade de ajuste com a partĂcula BY.
• QUESTĂO 03:
Indique a forma passiva de "People found out all the truth."
( b ) All the truth had been found out.
( c ) All the truth were found out by the people.
( d ) All the truth had found out by the people.
( e ) All the truth has been found out.
• ANSWER (A)
- Sentença da questão 03:
"People found out all the truth."
• As pessoas descobriram toda a verdade.
• As pessoas descobriram toda a verdade.
• [main verb] = found out (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'past simple'
• [to be in 'past simple'] = was
• [past perfect of main verb] = found out
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'past simple'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• All the truth was found out by the people.
• Toda a verdade foi descoberta pelo povo.
- EXPLANATION:
1) TO FIND OUT(descobrir/ficar sabendo) Ă© um phrasal verb onde o passado Ă© FOUND OUT e o particĂpio passado tambĂ©m Ă© FOUND OUT.
• QUESTĂO 04:
A voz passiva de "The mailman delivers our mail around ten o'clock" Ă©:
( a ) Our mail is delivered around ten o'clock.
( b ) Our mail was delivered around ten o'clock.
( c ) Our mail has been delivered around ten o'clock.
( d ) Our mail had been delivered around ten o'clock.
( e ) Our mail is been delivered around ten o'clock.
( b ) Our mail was delivered around ten o'clock.
( c ) Our mail has been delivered around ten o'clock.
( d ) Our mail had been delivered around ten o'clock.
( e ) Our mail is been delivered around ten o'clock.
• ANSWER (A)
- Sentença da questão 04:
"The mailman delivers our mail around ten o'clock."
• O carteiro entrega nossa correspondĂȘncia por volta das dez horas.
• [main verb] = delivers (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'present simple'
• [to be in 'past simple'] = is
• [past perfect of main verb] = delivered
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'past simple'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• Our mail is delivered by mailman around ten o'clock..
• Nossa correspondĂȘncia Ă© entregue pelo carteiro por volta das dez horas.
- EXPLANATION:
1) TO DELIVER(entregar) Ă© um verbo regular, logo o passado e particĂpio passado sĂŁo "DELIVERED"
3) Na conversĂŁo, nĂŁo se desloca a estrutura adverbial de tempo "around ten o'clock".
4) Neste caso foi preciso fazer ajuste com "by".
• QUESTĂO 05:
"This discovery was made by various people."
The active voice of the sentence above is:
( a ) Various people have made this discovery.
( b ) Various people made this discovery.
( c ) Various people had made this discovery.
( d ) Various people are making this discovery.
( e ) Various people make this this discovery.
Resposta:
"This discovery was made by various people."
The active voice of the sentence above is:
( a ) Various people have made this discovery.
( b ) Various people made this discovery.
( c ) Various people had made this discovery.
( d ) Various people are making this discovery.
( e ) Various people make this this discovery.
Resposta:
• ANSWER (B)
- Sentença da questão 05:
"This discovery was made by various people."
• Essa descoberta foi feita por vĂĄrias pessoas.
• [verb form] = was made (is in the passive voice)
• [to be] = was (in 'past simple')
• [past simple of main verb(to make)] = made
• [active voice] = made
• Various people made this discovery.
• Nossa correspondĂȘncia Ă© entregue pelo carteiro por volta das dez horas.
- EXPLANATION:
2) TO MAKE Ă© um verbo onde o passado Ă© MADE e o particĂpio passado tambĂ©m Ă© MADE.
3) Ora, se na passiva ,o VERBO TO BE estå no SIMPLE PAST(was), então na ativa o main verb(to make) deverå estar também no SIMPLE PAST(made).


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