Multiliteracies
Multiletramentos
Literacy involves more than a set of conventions to be learned, either through print or technological formats. Rather, literacy enables people to negotiate meaning (Leland &
Kasten, 2002).
A alfabetização envolve mais do que um conjunto de convençÔes a serem aprendidas, seja por meio impresso ou por meio de formatos tecnológicos. Em vez disso, a alfabetização permite que as pessoas negociem o significado (Leland & Kasten, 2002).
With these negotiations often occurring in technological settings and engaging students' values and identities (Jewitt, 2008), the New London Group (1996) has proposed the concept of multiliteracies, which views literacy as continual, supplemental, and enhancing or modifying established literacy teaching and learning rather than replacing traditional practices (Rowsell, Kosnik, & Beck, 2008).
Com essas negociaçÔes ocorrendo frequentemente em ambientes tecnolĂłgicos e envolvendo os valores e identidades dos alunos (Jewitt, 2008), o New London Group (1996) propĂŽs o conceito de multiletramentos, que vĂȘ a alfabetização como contĂnua, suplementar e aprimorando ou modificando o ensino de alfabetização estabelecido e aprendizagem em vez de substituir as prĂĄticas tradicionais (Rowsell, Kosnik, & Beck, 2008).
[The concept of] multiliteracies recognizes both the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in the new globalized society and the new variety of text forms from multiple communicative technologies.
[O conceito de] multiletramentos reconhece tanto a crescente diversidade cultural e linguĂstica na nova sociedade globalizada quanto a nova variedade de formas de texto de mĂșltiplas tecnologias comunicativas.
There is also the need for new skills to operate successfully in the changing literate and increasingly diversified social environment.
Hå também a necessidade de novas habilidades para operar com sucesso no ambiente social alfabetizado em mudança e cada vez mais diversificado.
The New London Group (1996) argues that to be relevant, learning processes need to recruit, rather than attempt to ignore and erase, the different subjectivities, interests, intentions, commitments, and purposes that students bring to learning (p. 18).
O New London Group (1996) argumenta que, para serem relevantes, os processos de aprendizagem precisam recrutar, em vez de tentar ignorar e apagar, as diferentes subjetividades, interesses, intençÔes, compromissos e propósitos que os alunos trazem para a aprendizagem (p. 18).
They must also respond to the different mediums and modes in which students operate.
Eles também devem responder aos diferentes meios e modos nos quais os alunos operam.
Teachers need new knowledge that reflects these varying and multiple discourses.
Os professores precisam de novos conhecimentos que reflitam esses discursos variados e mĂșltiplos.
This huge shift from traditional printbased literacy to 21st century multiliteracies reflects the impact of communication technologies and multimedia on the evolving nature of texts, as well as the skills and dispositions associated with the consumption, production, evaluation, and distribution of those texts (Borsheim, Meritt, & Reed, 2008, p. 87).
Essa enorme mudança do tradicional letramento impresso para os multiletramentos do sĂ©culo 21 reflete o impacto das tecnologias de comunicação e multimĂdia na natureza evolutiva dos textos, bem como as habilidades e disposiçÔes associadas ao consumo, produção, avaliação e distribuição desses textos (Borsheim, Meritt, & Reed, 2008, p. 87).
With literacy continually growing and expanding, there remains a need to support pre-service and practicing teachers’ conceptions and understanding of multiliteracies.
Com a alfabetização crescendo e se expandindo continuamente, permanece a necessidade de apoiar as concepçÔes e a compreensĂŁo dos multiletramentos dos professores iniciantes e em exercĂcio.
đ Question 31 :
The options below offer statements that agree with constructions of multiliteracies, as presented by Text 1, except:
(A) They do not do away with accepted models.
(B) They take into account global linguistic diversity.
(C) They recognize multicultural perspectives in education.
(D) They provide a tool kit designed to be used by the student.
(E) They assume a variety of means and ways of communication.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
As opçÔes abaixo oferecem declaraçÔes que concordam com construçÔes de MULTIALFABETIZAĂĂES, conforme apresentado pelo Texto 1, EXCETO:
*Item (A) : Eles nĂŁo eliminam os modelos aceitos.
đ± Os modelo aceitos de alfabetização sĂŁo de LEITURA-ESCRITA. As construçÔes de MULTIALFABETIZAĂĂES envolve mais do que isso, ou seja, inclui tambĂ©m a habilidade de ler e escrever.
"[...] Literacy involves more than a set of conventions to be learned, either through print or technological formats. Rather, literacy enables people to negotiate meaning (Leland & Kasten, 2002). With these negotiations often occurring in technological settings and engaging students' values and identities (Jewitt, 2008), the New London Group (1996) has proposed the concept of multiliteracies, which views literacy as continual, supplemental, and enhancing or modifying established literacy teaching and learning rather than replacing traditional practices (Rowsell, Kosnik, & Beck, 2008)."
(A alfabetização envolve MAIS DO QUE um conjunto de convençÔes a serem aprendidas, seja atravĂ©s de formatos impressos ou tecnolĂłgicos. Em vez disso, a alfabetização permite que as pessoas negociem o significado (Leland & Kasten, 2002). Com essas negociaçÔes, muitas vezes ocorrendo em ambientes tecnolĂłgicos e envolvendo os valores e identidades dos alunos (Jewitt, 2008), o New London Group (1996) propĂŽs o conceito de multiliteração, que vĂȘ a alfabetização como contĂnua, complementar e aprimorando ou modificando o ensino de alfabetização estabelecido e aprender em vez de substituir as prĂĄticas tradicionais (Rowsell, Kosnik, & Beck, 2008).)
*Item (B) : Consideram a diversidade linguĂstica global.
*Item (C) : Eles reconhecem perspectivas multiculturais na educação.
đš As construçÔes de "multialfabetização" reconhece que uma pessoa estarĂĄ alfabetizado se for capaz de ver, interpretar e problematizar as imagens da TV, de assistir aos filmes, de analisar as publicidades criticamente, de ler e problematizar as notĂcias dos jornais, de escutar e de identificar programas de rĂĄdio, de saber usar o -computador; navegar nas redes e de produzir outras representaçÔes atravĂ©s de diversas mĂdias.
"[...] multiliteracies recognizes both the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in the new globalized society and the new variety of text forms from multiple communicative technologies."
(MULTIALFABETIZAĂĂES reconhece a crescente diversidade cultural e linguĂstica na nova sociedade globalizada e a nova variedade de formas de texto a partir de mĂșltiplas tecnologias comunicativas.)
*Item (D) INCORRETO: Eles fornecem um conjunto de ferramentas projetado para ser usado pelo aluno.
*Item (E) : Eles assumem uma variedade de meios e formas de comunicação.
đ Question 32 :
Match the strategies offered below to the different teaching perspectives.
1. Multiliteracies posture
2. The Audio Lingual method
3. The Grammar-Translation method
4. Communicative Language teaching
( ) Presenting target-language reading passages and answering questions that follow.
( ) Discussing cultural diversity through different means such as written texts and blogs.
( ) Repeating patterns until students are able to form new habits in the target language.
( ) Offering students authentic materials that may function as triggers for classroom interactions. Mark the option which indicates the correct matching, from top to bottom.
(A) 1, 3, 2 and 4.
(B) 3, 1, 2 and 4.
(C) 4, 1, 3 and 2.
(D) 2, 4, 3 and 1.
(E) 4, 3, 2 and 1.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
Corresponde às estratégias oferecidas abaixo para as diferentes perspectivas de ensino.
*Item (A) incorreto: 1, 3, 2 e 4.
*Item (B) CORRETO: 3, 1, 2 e 4.
*Item (C) incorreto: 4, 1, 3 e 2.
*Item (D) incorreto: 2, 4, 3 e 1.
*Item (E) incorreto: 4, 3, 2 e 1.
đ Question 33 :
Read the following extract from Text 1:
(http://jolle.coe.uga.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ Multiliteracies-in-the-Classroom-Boche.pdf)
The options below offer statements that agree with constructions of multiliteracies, as presented by Text 1, except:
(A) They do not do away with accepted models.
(B) They take into account global linguistic diversity.
(C) They recognize multicultural perspectives in education.
(D) They provide a tool kit designed to be used by the student.
(E) They assume a variety of means and ways of communication.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
As opçÔes abaixo oferecem declaraçÔes que concordam com construçÔes de MULTIALFABETIZAĂĂES, conforme apresentado pelo Texto 1, EXCETO:
*Item (A) : Eles nĂŁo eliminam os modelos aceitos.
đ± Os modelo aceitos de alfabetização sĂŁo de LEITURA-ESCRITA. As construçÔes de MULTIALFABETIZAĂĂES envolve mais do que isso, ou seja, inclui tambĂ©m a habilidade de ler e escrever.
"[...] Literacy involves more than a set of conventions to be learned, either through print or technological formats. Rather, literacy enables people to negotiate meaning (Leland & Kasten, 2002). With these negotiations often occurring in technological settings and engaging students' values and identities (Jewitt, 2008), the New London Group (1996) has proposed the concept of multiliteracies, which views literacy as continual, supplemental, and enhancing or modifying established literacy teaching and learning rather than replacing traditional practices (Rowsell, Kosnik, & Beck, 2008)."
(A alfabetização envolve MAIS DO QUE um conjunto de convençÔes a serem aprendidas, seja atravĂ©s de formatos impressos ou tecnolĂłgicos. Em vez disso, a alfabetização permite que as pessoas negociem o significado (Leland & Kasten, 2002). Com essas negociaçÔes, muitas vezes ocorrendo em ambientes tecnolĂłgicos e envolvendo os valores e identidades dos alunos (Jewitt, 2008), o New London Group (1996) propĂŽs o conceito de multiliteração, que vĂȘ a alfabetização como contĂnua, complementar e aprimorando ou modificando o ensino de alfabetização estabelecido e aprender em vez de substituir as prĂĄticas tradicionais (Rowsell, Kosnik, & Beck, 2008).)
*Item (B) : Consideram a diversidade linguĂstica global.
*Item (C) : Eles reconhecem perspectivas multiculturais na educação.
đš As construçÔes de "multialfabetização" reconhece que uma pessoa estarĂĄ alfabetizado se for capaz de ver, interpretar e problematizar as imagens da TV, de assistir aos filmes, de analisar as publicidades criticamente, de ler e problematizar as notĂcias dos jornais, de escutar e de identificar programas de rĂĄdio, de saber usar o -computador; navegar nas redes e de produzir outras representaçÔes atravĂ©s de diversas mĂdias.
"[...] multiliteracies recognizes both the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in the new globalized society and the new variety of text forms from multiple communicative technologies."
(MULTIALFABETIZAĂĂES reconhece a crescente diversidade cultural e linguĂstica na nova sociedade globalizada e a nova variedade de formas de texto a partir de mĂșltiplas tecnologias comunicativas.)
*Item (D) INCORRETO: Eles fornecem um conjunto de ferramentas projetado para ser usado pelo aluno.
*Item (E) : Eles assumem uma variedade de meios e formas de comunicação.
đ Question 32 :
Match the strategies offered below to the different teaching perspectives.
1. Multiliteracies posture
2. The Audio Lingual method
3. The Grammar-Translation method
4. Communicative Language teaching
( ) Presenting target-language reading passages and answering questions that follow.
( ) Discussing cultural diversity through different means such as written texts and blogs.
( ) Repeating patterns until students are able to form new habits in the target language.
( ) Offering students authentic materials that may function as triggers for classroom interactions. Mark the option which indicates the correct matching, from top to bottom.
(A) 1, 3, 2 and 4.
(B) 3, 1, 2 and 4.
(C) 4, 1, 3 and 2.
(D) 2, 4, 3 and 1.
(E) 4, 3, 2 and 1.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
Corresponde às estratégias oferecidas abaixo para as diferentes perspectivas de ensino.
1. Postura de multialfabetizaçÔes
2. O mĂ©todo Ăudio Lingual
3. O método Gramåtica-Tradução
4. Ensino de linguagem comunicativa
( 3 ) Apresentando passagens de leitura em idioma alvo e respondendo as perguntas que se seguem.
( 1 ) Discutir a diversidade cultural através de diferentes meios, como textos escritos e blogs.
( 2 ) Repetição de padrĂ”es atĂ© que os alunos possam formar novos hĂĄbitos na lĂngua-alvo.
( 4 ) Oferecendo aos alunos materiais autĂȘnticos que podem funcionar como gatilhos para interaçÔes na sala de aula.
Marque a opção que indica a correspondĂȘncia correta, de cima para baixo.
*Item (B) CORRETO: 3, 1, 2 e 4.
*Item (C) incorreto: 4, 1, 3 e 2.
*Item (D) incorreto: 2, 4, 3 e 1.
*Item (E) incorreto: 4, 3, 2 e 1.
đ Question 33 :
Read the following extract from Text 1:
“Multiliteracies recognizes both the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in the new globalized society and the new variety of text forms from multiple communicative technologies.”(L.11-14)
The alternative from Lotherington (2006) that has some analogy to this passage is:
(A) “The virtual world is not culturally neutral territory: it is colonial”.
(B) “The role of modern education was to prepare learners for the workforce”.
(C) “The Internet continues to be dominated by users in rich Western nations”.
(D) “The autonomous model […] approaches literacy as a cognitive advancement”.
(E) “Literacies in the twenty-first century have been described as fundamentally multicultural, multilingual and multimodal”.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
Leia o seguinte extracto do Texto 1: "Multiliteracies reconhece a crescente diversidade cultural e linguĂstica na nova sociedade globalizada e a nova variedade de formas de texto a partir de mĂșltiplas tecnologias comunicativas" (L.11-14).
A alternativa de Lotherington (2006) que tem alguma analogia com esta passagem Ă©:
*Item (A) incorreto: "O mundo virtual nĂŁo Ă© um territĂłrio culturalmente neutro: Ă© colonial".
*Item (B) incorreto: "O papel da educação moderna era preparar os alunos para a força de trabalho".
*Item (C) incorreto: "A Internet continua a ser dominada por usuĂĄrios em paĂses ricos ocidentais".
đ Question 34 :
In the passage “To be relevant, learning processes need to recruit, rather than attempt to ignore and erase, the different subjectivities, interests, intentions, commitments, and purposes that students bring to learning” (L.17-20),
(A) “The virtual world is not culturally neutral territory: it is colonial”.
(B) “The role of modern education was to prepare learners for the workforce”.
(C) “The Internet continues to be dominated by users in rich Western nations”.
(D) “The autonomous model […] approaches literacy as a cognitive advancement”.
(E) “Literacies in the twenty-first century have been described as fundamentally multicultural, multilingual and multimodal”.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E :
Leia o seguinte extracto do Texto 1: "Multiliteracies reconhece a crescente diversidade cultural e linguĂstica na nova sociedade globalizada e a nova variedade de formas de texto a partir de mĂșltiplas tecnologias comunicativas" (L.11-14).
A alternativa de Lotherington (2006) que tem alguma analogia com esta passagem Ă©:
*Item (A) incorreto: "O mundo virtual nĂŁo Ă© um territĂłrio culturalmente neutro: Ă© colonial".
*Item (B) incorreto: "O papel da educação moderna era preparar os alunos para a força de trabalho".
*Item (C) incorreto: "A Internet continua a ser dominada por usuĂĄrios em paĂses ricos ocidentais".
*Item (D) incorreto: "O modelo autÎnomo [...] aborda a alfabetização como um avanço cognitivo".
*Item (E) CORRETO: "As literacias no sĂ©culo XXI foram descritas como fundamentalmente multiculturais, multilĂngues e multimodais".đ Question 34 :
In the passage “To be relevant, learning processes need to recruit, rather than attempt to ignore and erase, the different subjectivities, interests, intentions, commitments, and purposes that students bring to learning” (L.17-20),
the author implies that teachers should
(A) see their students as a uniform group.
(B) ask the best students to teach the others.
(C) keep to printed materials and traditional methods.
(D) stimulate students to acknowledge identities.
(E) opt for a time-honored methodology when teaching.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) see their students as a uniform group.
(B) ask the best students to teach the others.
(C) keep to printed materials and traditional methods.
(D) stimulate students to acknowledge identities.
(E) opt for a time-honored methodology when teaching.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
Na passagem "Para ser relevante, os processos de aprendizagem precisam recrutar, ao invés de tentar ignorar e apagar, as diferentes subjetividades, interesses, intençÔes, compromissos e propósitos que os alunos trazem para a aprendizagem" (L.17-20),
o autor implica que os professores
(A) see their students as a uniform group.(ver seus alunos como um grupo uniforme)
(B) ask the best students to teach the others.(pedir aos melhores alunos que ensinem os outros.)
(C) keep to printed materials and traditional methods.(manter materiais impressos e métodos tradicionais.)
(D) stimulate students to acknowledge identities.(estimular os alunos a reconhecer identidades.)
(E) opt for a time-honored methodology when teaching.(optar por uma metodologia consagrada ao ensino.)
đ Question 35 :
According to Duboc (2016, p. 62), critical literacy differs from critical reading as the former holds that:
(A) Any reading requires silent and isolated contexts.
(B) Individual reading should privilege explicit text data.
(C) Readers should always try to identify authorial intention.
(D) The reader must look for information provided by the text.
(E) Reading is an exercise which considers a diversity of meanings.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
De acordo com Duboc (2016, pĂĄgina 62), a alfabetização crĂtica difere da leitura crĂtica, jĂĄ que a primeiro afirma que:
(B) Individual reading should privilege explicit text data.
(C) Readers should always try to identify authorial intention.
(D) The reader must look for information provided by the text.
(E) Reading is an exercise which considers a diversity of meanings.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E :
De acordo com Duboc (2016, pĂĄgina 62), a alfabetização crĂtica difere da leitura crĂtica, jĂĄ que a primeiro afirma que:
(A) Any reading requires silent and isolated contexts.(qualquer leitura requer contextos silenciosos e isolados.)
(B) Individual reading should privilege explicit text data.(a leitura individual deve privilegiar dados de texto explĂcitos.)
(C) Readers should always try to identify authorial intention.(os Leitores sempre devem tentar identificar a intenção da autoridade.)
(D) The reader must look for information provided by the text.(o leitor deve procurar informaçÔes fornecidas pelo texto.)
(E) Reading is an exercise which considers a diversity of meanings.(a leitura Ă© um exercĂcio que considera uma diversidade de significados.)
đ Question 36 :
The digital age has been disrupting the normative structures of education in many ways.
According to Bohn (2013, p. 97), one of the challenges language educators now face is
(A) offering students means to exercise brain plasticity.
(B) making sure students access the Internet from home.
(C) insisting that schools provide tablets for each student.
(D) designing materials that integrate written texts and oral skills.
(E) paying close attention to students' language proficiency level.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
A era digital tem perturbado as estruturas normativas da educação de muitas maneiras.
De acordo com Bohn, um dos desafios que os educadores de lĂnguas agora enfrentam estĂĄ...
(A) offering students means to exercise brain plasticity.(oferecendo aos alunos meios para exercer plasticidade cerebral.)
(B) making sure students access the Internet from home.(assegurando que os estudantes acessem a Internet de casa.)
(C) insisting that schools provide tablets for each student.(insistindo que as escolas ofereçam TABLETS para cada aluno.)
(D) designing materials that integrate written texts and oral skills.(projetando materiais que integram textos escritos e habilidades orais.)
(E) paying close attention to students' language proficiency level.( prestando muita atenção ao nĂvel de proficiĂȘncia linguĂstica dos alunos)
❑ TRADUĂĂO - TEXTO 2:
Here are four passages from an article on awareness of English as a lingua franca (ELF):
Eis quatro passagens de um artigo sobre a consciĂȘncia do inglĂȘs como lĂngua franca (ELF):
1) "Few will deny that research in the area of English as a lingua franca (ELF) has signiïŹcantly contributed to our understanding of many diïŹerent facets of communication involving non-native speakers of English.
1) "Poucos negarĂŁo que a pesquisa na ĂĄrea do inglĂȘs como lĂngua franca (ELF) contribuiu significativamente para nossa compreensĂŁo de muitas facetas diferentes da comunicação envolvendo falantes nĂŁo nativos de inglĂȘs.
Such studies have added valuable insights to the growing research in the domain of critical applied linguistics and critical pedagogy and have prompted many scholars to problematize all aspects of English language teaching, learning, testing, curriculum designing, etc.”
Tais estudos acrescentaram informaçÔes valiosas Ă crescente pesquisa no domĂnio da linguĂstica crĂtica aplicada e da pedagogia crĂtica e levaram muitos estudiosos a problematizar todos os aspectos do ensino, aprendizagem, testes, elaboração de currĂculos, etc. da lĂngua inglesa.
2) "It is important at this stage to distinguish between the critical and the transformative perspective in ESOL teacher education.
2) "It is important at this stage to distinguish between the critical and the transformative perspective in ESOL teacher education.
2) "Ă importante nesta fase distinguir entre a perspectiva crĂtica e a perspectiva transformadora na formação de professores de ESOL.
While they both share the element of reïŹection, they are diïŹerent in a crucial way, although the former has often been seen as an umbrella term that subsumes the latter."
Embora ambos compartilhem o elemento de reflexão, eles são diferentes de maneira crucial, embora o primeiro tenha sido frequentemente visto como um termo genérico que inclui o segundo.
3) "Critical pedagogy is invaluable in our attempt to understand the complex processes of the global spread of English and the intricate ways in which it continues to be localized and relocalized (Pennycook, 2010).
3) "Critical pedagogy is invaluable in our attempt to understand the complex processes of the global spread of English and the intricate ways in which it continues to be localized and relocalized (Pennycook, 2010).
3) "A pedagogia crĂtica Ă© inestimĂĄvel em nossa tentativa de entender os processos complexos da disseminação global do inglĂȘs e as formas intrincadas pelas quais ele continua a ser localizado e relocalizado (Pennycook, 2010).
It has the tools to help teachers appreciate the complications of context and the various underlying and often hidden discourses, from learner identity construction in the ESOL classroom (Norton and Toohey, 2011) to language testing (Shohamy, 2004) to the politics of pedagogy in the ‘classroom as a microcosm of the larger social and cultural world'" (Pennycook, 2001: 138).
Ela tem as ferramentas para ajudar os professores a avaliar as complicaçÔes do contexto e os vĂĄrios discursos subjacentes e frequentemente ocultos, desde a construção da identidade do aluno na sala de aula ESOL (Norton e Toohey, 2011) atĂ© o teste de linguagem (Shohamy, 2004) e a polĂtica da pedagogia em a 'sala de aula como um microcosmo do mundo social e cultural mais amplo'" (Pennycook, 2001: 138).
4) "The value of an ELF-aware transformative perspective to ESOL teacher education lies in its power to help teachers deïŹne ELF for themselves and for their teaching contexts.
4) "The value of an ELF-aware transformative perspective to ESOL teacher education lies in its power to help teachers deïŹne ELF for themselves and for their teaching contexts.
4) "O valor de uma perspectiva transformadora consciente do ELF para a formação de professores de ESOL reside em seu poder de ajudar os professores a definir o ELF para si mesmos e para seus contextos de ensino.
In this way, teachers are involved in the co-construction of ELF and, in particular, in the development of one or more pedagogical frameworks for ELF.
Desta forma, os professores são envolvidos na co-construção da ILF e, em particular, no desenvolvimento de um ou mais enquadramentos pedagógicos para a ILF.
To achieve this, teachers have to have an informed awareness of the ELF construct, a critical awareness of their own deeper convictions about essential aspects of language, communication, and language teaching/learning, and the capability to bring about sustainable change in their teaching."
Para conseguir isso, os professores devem ter uma consciĂȘncia informada da construção ELF, uma consciĂȘncia crĂtica de suas prĂłprias convicçÔes mais profundas sobre aspectos essenciais de linguagem, comunicação e ensino/aprendizagem de lĂnguas, e a capacidade de trazer mudanças sustentĂĄveis em seu ensino."
The following sentences present information provided in each of the passages from Text 2.
Read them, add the corresponding number of each passage (1 to 4), and mark the option that presents the correct sequencing:
( ) Both perspectives attribute value to reflection.
From Sifakis, N. C. (2014). "ELF awareness as an opportunity for change: a transformative perspective for ESOL teacher education". Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 3/2: 317-335.
De Sifakis, N.C. (2014). "Conscientização ELF como uma oportunidade de mudança: uma perspectiva transformadora para a formação de professores de ESOL". Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 3/2: 317-335.
đ Question 37 :The following sentences present information provided in each of the passages from Text 2.
Read them, add the corresponding number of each passage (1 to 4), and mark the option that presents the correct sequencing:
( ) Both perspectives attribute value to reflection.
( ) The classroom should be seen as part of a wider context.
( ) ELF teachers are stimulated to reflect on their own teaching.
( ) ELF studies have had great impact on English language teaching.
(A) 4 – 3 – 2 – 1.
(B) 3 – 4 – 1 – 2.
(C) 2 – 3 – 4 – 1.
(D) 4 – 2 – 1 – 3.
(E) 2 – 4 – 1 – 3.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
Leia-os, adicione o nĂșmero correspondente de cada passagem (1 a 4) e marque a opção que apresenta a seqĂŒĂȘncia correta:
( ) Ambas as perspectivas atribuem valor Ă reflexĂŁo.
( ) A sala de aula deve ser vista como parte de um contexto mais amplo.
( ) Os professores do ELF sĂŁo estimulados a refletir sobre seus prĂłprios ensinamentos.
( ) Estudos ELF tiveram grande impacto no ensino de lĂngua inglesa.
( ) ELF teachers are stimulated to reflect on their own teaching.
( ) ELF studies have had great impact on English language teaching.
(A) 4 – 3 – 2 – 1.
(B) 3 – 4 – 1 – 2.
(C) 2 – 3 – 4 – 1.
(D) 4 – 2 – 1 – 3.
(E) 2 – 4 – 1 – 3.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
Leia-os, adicione o nĂșmero correspondente de cada passagem (1 a 4) e marque a opção que apresenta a seqĂŒĂȘncia correta:
( ) Ambas as perspectivas atribuem valor Ă reflexĂŁo.
( ) A sala de aula deve ser vista como parte de um contexto mais amplo.
( ) Os professores do ELF sĂŁo estimulados a refletir sobre seus prĂłprios ensinamentos.
( ) Estudos ELF tiveram grande impacto no ensino de lĂngua inglesa.
*A 1ÂȘ SENTENĂA (Ambas as perspectivas atribuem valor Ă reflexĂŁo) refere-se a PASSAGEM 2(que fala das perspectivas "crĂtica" e "transformativa"), veja:
"[...] It is important at this stage to distinguish between the critical and the transformative perspective in ESOL teacher education. While they both share the element of reïŹection, they are diïŹerent in a crucial way, although the former has often been seen as an umbrella term that subsumes the latter."
(Ă importante, nesta fase, distinguir entre a perspectiva crĂtica e transformadora na formação de docentes da ESOL. Enquanto ambos compartilham o elemento de reflexĂŁo, eles sĂŁo diferentes de uma maneira crucial, embora o primeiro tenha sido visto como um termo guarda-chuva que subsuma o Ășltimo.)
*A 2ÂȘ SENTENĂA (A sala de aula deve ser vista como parte de um contexto mais amplo) refere-se a PASSAGEM 3(que fala sobre a sala de aula como um microcosmo do mundo social e cultural), veja:
"[...] Critical pedagogy is invaluable in our attempt to understand the complex processes of the global spread of English and the intricate ways in which it continues to be localized and relocalized. It has the tools to help teachers appreciate the complications of context and the various underlying and often hidden discourses, from learner identity construction in the ESOL classroom to language testing to the politics of pedagogy in the ‘classroom as a microcosm of the larger social and cultural world'"
(A pedagogia crĂtica Ă© inestimĂĄvel na nossa tentativa de compreender os processos complexos da disseminação global do inglĂȘs e as formas intrincadas nas quais continua a ser localizada e relocalizada. Possui as ferramentas para ajudar os professores a apreciar as complicaçÔes do contexto e os vĂĄrios discursos subjacentes e muitas vezes ocultos, desde a construção da identidade do aluno na sala de aula ESOL atĂ© o teste de linguagem Ă s polĂticas de pedagogia na sala de aula como um microcosmo do social e cultural maior mundo'")
*A 3ÂȘ SENTENĂA (A sala de aula deve ser vista como parte de um contexto mais amplo) refere-se a PASSAGEM 4(que fala que os professores tĂȘm que ter uma consciĂȘncia crĂtica de suas prĂłprias convicçÔes mais profundas sobre aspectos essenciais da linguagem.), veja:
"[...] The value of an ELF-aware transformative perspective to ESOL teacher education lies in its power to help teachers deïŹne ELF for themselves and for their teaching contexts. In this way, teachers are involved in the co-construction of ELF and, in particular, in the development of one or more pedagogical frameworks for ELF. To achieve this, teachers have to have an informed awareness of the ELF construct, a critical awareness of their own deeper convictions about essential aspects of language, communication, and language teaching/learning, and the capability to bring about sustainable change in their teaching."
(The value of an ELF-aware transformative perspective to ESOL teacher education lies in its power to help teachers deïŹne ELF for themselves and for their teaching contexts. In this way, teachers are involved in the co-construction of ELF and, in particular, in the development of one or more pedagogical frameworks for ELF. To achieve this, teachers have to have an informed awareness of the ELF construct, a critical awareness of their own deeper convictions about essential aspects of language, communication, and language teaching/learning, and the capability to bring about sustainable change in their teaching.)
*A 4ÂȘ SENTENĂA (Estudos ELF tiveram grande impacto no ensino de lĂngua inglesa) refere-se a PASSAGEM 1(que diz que "poucos negarĂŁo que a pesquisa na ĂĄrea do inglĂȘs como lingua franca (ELF) tenha contribuĂdo significativamente para a nossa compreensĂŁo.), veja:
"[...] "Few will deny that research in the area of English as a lingua franca (ELF) has signiïŹcantly contributed to our understanding of many diïŹerent facets of communication involving non-native speakers of English. Such studies have added valuable insights to the growing research in the domain of critical applied linguistics and critical pedagogy and have prompted many scholars to problematize all aspects of English language teaching, learning, testing, curriculum designing, etc."
(Poucos negarĂŁo que a pesquisa na ĂĄrea do inglĂȘs como lingua franca (ELF) tenha contribuĂdo significativamente para a compreensĂŁo de muitas facetas diferentes da comunicação envolvendo falantes nativos do inglĂȘs. Tais estudos adicionaram informaçÔes valiosas para a crescente pesquisa na domĂnio da lingĂŒĂstica aplicada crĂtica e pedagogia crĂtica e levou muitos estudiosos a problematizar todos os aspectos do ensino, aprendizagem, teste, desenho curricular, etc. do ensino do inglĂȘs.).
đ Question 38 :
As regards Passage 2, analyse the assertions below:
I. A critical orientation may include a transformative view.
II. Critical and transformative perspectives in ESOL are indistinguishable.
III. Transformative perspectives are wider than critical orientations.
Choose the correct answer:
(A) Only I is correct.
(B) Only II is correct.
(C) Only III is correct.
(D) Only I and II are correct.
(E) All three assertions are correct.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
No que diz respeito a Passage 2, analise as afirmaçÔes abaixo:
*Afirmativa (I): uma orientação crĂtica pode incluir uma visĂŁo transformadora.
đČ A passagem 2 diz que uma "critical persperctive"(perspectiva crĂtica) pode ser vista como um termo guarda-chuva, ou seja, um termo bem amplo que subsume(inclui) a "transformative perspective"(perspectiva transformativa).
*Afirmativa (II): as perspectivas crĂticas e transformadoras na ESOL sĂŁo indistinguĂveis.
đ± O texto afirma que elas sĂŁo diferentes de uma maneira decisiva.
[...] they are diïŹerent in a crucial way."
(elas sĂŁo diferentes de uma maneira decisiva).
**Afirmativa (III): As perspectivas transformativas sĂŁo mais amplas do que as orientaçÔes crĂticas.
đČ QuestĂŁo PEGADINHA, pois o texto afirma o contrĂĄrio.
đ Question 39 :
Passage 4 suggests that a transformative perspective to ESOL teacher education requires that teachers become more
(A) fluent in the target language.
(B) self-reflexive of their practice.
(C) resistant to challenging concepts.
(D) determined to fight against change.
(E) involved in raising funds for the school.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
Passage 4 sugere que uma perspectiva transformadora para a formação de professores da ESOL exige que os professores se tornem ...
*O item (A) incorreto: mais fluente na lĂngua alvo.
đ± O texto nĂŁo faz menção disso.
*O item (B) CORRETO: mais auto-reflexivos de sua prĂĄtica.
*O item (C) incorreto: mais resistente a conceitos desafiadores.
đ± O texto nĂŁo faz menção disso.
*O item (D) incorreto: mais determinado a lutar contra a mudança.
đ± O texto nĂŁo faz menção disso.
*O item (E) incorreto: mais envolvido EM LEVANTAR fundos para a escola.
đ± O texto nĂŁo faz menção disso.
đ Question 40 :
According to JordĂŁo (2013), critical pedagogy differs from structuralist pedagogies because, among other reasons, it
(A) aims at pre-set results.
(B) invests in memorization.
(C) promotes situated learning.
(D) measures proficiency levels.
(E) prioritizes content acquisition.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) aims at pre-set results.
(B) invests in memorization.
(C) promotes situated learning.
(D) measures proficiency levels.
(E) prioritizes content acquisition.
đ Question 41 :
Critical literacy supporters tend to see the discourse of “the now ‘classic’ critical pedagogies of the 80s and 90s” (JordĂŁo, 2013, p. 290) as being
(A) universally valid.
(B) disengaged from politics.
(C) indifferent to social concerns.
(D) insensitive to students’ voices.
(E) imported from developed countries.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
*Item (A) incorreto:
*Item (B) incorreto:
*Item (C) incorreto:
*Item (D) incorreto:
*Item (E) incorreto:
đ Question 42 :
Critical literacy emphasizes the need to use language as a vehicle for social change.
(A) fluent in the target language.
(B) self-reflexive of their practice.
(C) resistant to challenging concepts.
(D) determined to fight against change.
(E) involved in raising funds for the school.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
Passage 4 sugere que uma perspectiva transformadora para a formação de professores da ESOL exige que os professores se tornem ...
*O item (A) incorreto: mais fluente na lĂngua alvo.
đ± O texto nĂŁo faz menção disso.
*O item (B) CORRETO: mais auto-reflexivos de sua prĂĄtica.
*O item (C) incorreto: mais resistente a conceitos desafiadores.
đ± O texto nĂŁo faz menção disso.
*O item (D) incorreto: mais determinado a lutar contra a mudança.
đ± O texto nĂŁo faz menção disso.
*O item (E) incorreto: mais envolvido EM LEVANTAR fundos para a escola.
đ± O texto nĂŁo faz menção disso.
đ Question 40 :
According to JordĂŁo (2013), critical pedagogy differs from structuralist pedagogies because, among other reasons, it
(A) aims at pre-set results.
(B) invests in memorization.
(C) promotes situated learning.
(D) measures proficiency levels.
(E) prioritizes content acquisition.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
(A) aims at pre-set results.
(B) invests in memorization.
(C) promotes situated learning.
(D) measures proficiency levels.
(E) prioritizes content acquisition.
đ Question 41 :
Critical literacy supporters tend to see the discourse of “the now ‘classic’ critical pedagogies of the 80s and 90s” (JordĂŁo, 2013, p. 290) as being
(A) universally valid.
(B) disengaged from politics.
(C) indifferent to social concerns.
(D) insensitive to students’ voices.
(E) imported from developed countries.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
*Item (A) incorreto:
*Item (B) incorreto:
*Item (C) incorreto:
*Item (D) incorreto:
*Item (E) incorreto:
đ Question 42 :
Critical literacy emphasizes the need to use language as a vehicle for social change.
One of the strategies a teacher may use for this purpose is
(A) reading poems out loud in the classroom.
(B) listing vocabulary in English used in Brazilian adverts.
(C) watching videos and discussing controversial themes.
(D) memorizing forms of leave-takings in the foreign language.
(E) filling out an authentic real immigration form without questioning it.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) reading poems out loud in the classroom.
(B) listing vocabulary in English used in Brazilian adverts.
(C) watching videos and discussing controversial themes.
(D) memorizing forms of leave-takings in the foreign language.
(E) filling out an authentic real immigration form without questioning it.
đ Question 43 :
The move from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has promoted
(A) stricter grammatical rules.
(B) the eradication of local dialects.
(C) focus on multicultural identities.
(D) the building of territorial boundaries.
(E) English native speakers’ empowerment.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) stricter grammatical rules.
(B) the eradication of local dialects.
(C) focus on multicultural identities.
(D) the building of territorial boundaries.
(E) English native speakers’ empowerment.
đ Question 44 :
Based on Siqueira (2011), analyse the statements below.
I. ELF has derived from “native” speakers and is a unique variety of English.
II. Most interactions in ELF today are between “non-native” speakers.
III. ELF has become a diverse, multiple and nomad language.
IV. It is possible to codify a general variety of ELF.
(A) reading poems out loud in the classroom.
(B) listing vocabulary in English used in Brazilian adverts.
(C) watching videos and discussing controversial themes.
(D) memorizing forms of leave-takings in the foreign language.
(E) filling out an authentic real immigration form without questioning it.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
(A) reading poems out loud in the classroom.
(B) listing vocabulary in English used in Brazilian adverts.
(C) watching videos and discussing controversial themes.
(D) memorizing forms of leave-takings in the foreign language.
(E) filling out an authentic real immigration form without questioning it.
đ Question 43 :
The move from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has promoted
(A) stricter grammatical rules.
(B) the eradication of local dialects.
(C) focus on multicultural identities.
(D) the building of territorial boundaries.
(E) English native speakers’ empowerment.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
(A) stricter grammatical rules.
(B) the eradication of local dialects.
(C) focus on multicultural identities.
(D) the building of territorial boundaries.
(E) English native speakers’ empowerment.
đ Question 44 :
Based on Siqueira (2011), analyse the statements below.
I. ELF has derived from “native” speakers and is a unique variety of English.
II. Most interactions in ELF today are between “non-native” speakers.
III. ELF has become a diverse, multiple and nomad language.
IV. It is possible to codify a general variety of ELF.
Choose the correct answer:
(A) Only I is correct.
(B) Only II is correct.
(C) Only I and II are correct.
(D) Only II and III are correct.
(E) Only III and IV are correct.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
I. ELF has derived from “native” speakers and is a unique variety of English.
II. Most interactions in ELF today are between “non-native” speakers.
III. ELF has become a diverse, multiple and nomad language.
IV. It is possible to codify a general variety of ELF.
đ Question 45 :
Consider the following statement: “the teaching of a foreign language […] tends to place ‘non-natives’ locally involved in the process of teaching/learning in a subordinate position when confronted with the authority attributed to the ‘natives’ in what is considered ‘their own language’” (our translation) (JordĂŁo, 2013, p. 280).
(A) Only I is correct.
(B) Only II is correct.
(C) Only I and II are correct.
(D) Only II and III are correct.
(E) Only III and IV are correct.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
I. ELF has derived from “native” speakers and is a unique variety of English.
II. Most interactions in ELF today are between “non-native” speakers.
III. ELF has become a diverse, multiple and nomad language.
IV. It is possible to codify a general variety of ELF.
đ Question 45 :
Consider the following statement: “the teaching of a foreign language […] tends to place ‘non-natives’ locally involved in the process of teaching/learning in a subordinate position when confronted with the authority attributed to the ‘natives’ in what is considered ‘their own language’” (our translation) (JordĂŁo, 2013, p. 280).
Here, the writer is attributing this view to
(A) notions of global English.
(B) different situated practices.
(C) definitions of World Englishes.
(D) early communicative approaches.
(E) concepts of English as a lingua franca.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) notions of global English.
(B) different situated practices.
(C) definitions of World Englishes.
(D) early communicative approaches.
(E) concepts of English as a lingua franca.
đ Question 46 :
It is currently assumed that the teaching/learning of English as a Foreign Language in Brazilian public schools has not been successful (JordĂŁo, 2013, p. 286-287).
Read the statements below and mark them as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
( ) Teachers’ lack of qualification may contribute to this perception.
( ) This is because local cultures and discursive practices are disregarded.
( ) To solve this problem, basic rules of grammar and vocabulary should be taught.
(A) notions of global English.
(B) different situated practices.
(C) definitions of World Englishes.
(D) early communicative approaches.
(E) concepts of English as a lingua franca.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
(A) notions of global English.
(B) different situated practices.
(C) definitions of World Englishes.
(D) early communicative approaches.
(E) concepts of English as a lingua franca.
đ Question 46 :
It is currently assumed that the teaching/learning of English as a Foreign Language in Brazilian public schools has not been successful (JordĂŁo, 2013, p. 286-287).
Read the statements below and mark them as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
( ) Teachers’ lack of qualification may contribute to this perception.
( ) This is because local cultures and discursive practices are disregarded.
( ) To solve this problem, basic rules of grammar and vocabulary should be taught.
The statements are, respectively:
(A) F, F and T.
(B) T, T and F.
(C) F, T and F.
(D) T, F and T.
(E) F, T and T.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
( ) Teachers’ lack of qualification may contribute to this perception.
( ) This is because local cultures and discursive practices are disregarded.
( ) To solve this problem, basic rules of grammar and vocabulary should be taught.
đ Question 47 :
In a classroom situation in which the student asks the teacher if British or American pronunciation should be preferred, the most adequate answer the teacher should give, from a postcolonial orientation, is:
(A) There are no rules any longer as to how to pronounce words.
(B) British pronunciation is preferable as it has set the basis for English speaking.
(C) American pronunciation should be used as most global transactions rely on it.
(D) Pronunciation deserves attention but the focus should be on acknowledging linguistic varieties.
(E) Both British and American pronunciations are valid and will be used as models, showing where they differ.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) There are no rules any longer as to how to pronounce words.
(B) British pronunciation is preferable as it has set the basis for English speaking.
(C) American pronunciation should be used as most global transactions rely on it.
(D) Pronunciation deserves attention but the focus should be on acknowledging linguistic varieties.
(E) Both British and American pronunciations are valid and will be used as models, showing where they differ.
đ Question 48 :
The statement that best addresses a poststructuralist view of teaching English as an International Language in Brazilian public schools is:
(A) F, F and T.
(B) T, T and F.
(C) F, T and F.
(D) T, F and T.
(E) F, T and T.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
( ) Teachers’ lack of qualification may contribute to this perception.
( ) This is because local cultures and discursive practices are disregarded.
( ) To solve this problem, basic rules of grammar and vocabulary should be taught.
đ Question 47 :
In a classroom situation in which the student asks the teacher if British or American pronunciation should be preferred, the most adequate answer the teacher should give, from a postcolonial orientation, is:
(A) There are no rules any longer as to how to pronounce words.
(B) British pronunciation is preferable as it has set the basis for English speaking.
(C) American pronunciation should be used as most global transactions rely on it.
(D) Pronunciation deserves attention but the focus should be on acknowledging linguistic varieties.
(E) Both British and American pronunciations are valid and will be used as models, showing where they differ.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
(A) There are no rules any longer as to how to pronounce words.
(B) British pronunciation is preferable as it has set the basis for English speaking.
(C) American pronunciation should be used as most global transactions rely on it.
(D) Pronunciation deserves attention but the focus should be on acknowledging linguistic varieties.
(E) Both British and American pronunciations are valid and will be used as models, showing where they differ.
đ Question 48 :
The statement that best addresses a poststructuralist view of teaching English as an International Language in Brazilian public schools is:
(A) Teaching English in public schools has deteriorated beyond the point of repair.
(B) “Native” speakers of English should be invited to help design more up-to-date materials.
(C) Easy solutions cannot be found as practice is situated, contextual and collaborative.
(D) Pre-established rules should be set so that students learn the culture of the target language.
(E) New books and materials should be developed by a group of international teachers and experts.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) Teaching English in public schools has deteriorated beyond the point of repair.
(B) “Native” speakers of English should be invited to help design more up-to-date materials.
(C) Easy solutions cannot be found as practice is situated, contextual and collaborative.
(D) Pre-established rules should be set so that students learn the culture of the target language.
(E) New books and materials should be developed by a group of international teachers and experts.
đ Question 49 :
The following exercise, posted on the Internet, asks students to listen, repeat the words and memorize them.
(http://www.letshavefunwithenglish.com/vocabulary/furniture/vocabulary.html)
(B) “Native” speakers of English should be invited to help design more up-to-date materials.
(C) Easy solutions cannot be found as practice is situated, contextual and collaborative.
(D) Pre-established rules should be set so that students learn the culture of the target language.
(E) New books and materials should be developed by a group of international teachers and experts.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
(A) Teaching English in public schools has deteriorated beyond the point of repair.
(B) “Native” speakers of English should be invited to help design more up-to-date materials.
(C) Easy solutions cannot be found as practice is situated, contextual and collaborative.
(D) Pre-established rules should be set so that students learn the culture of the target language.
(E) New books and materials should be developed by a group of international teachers and experts.
đ Question 49 :
The following exercise, posted on the Internet, asks students to listen, repeat the words and memorize them.
(http://www.letshavefunwithenglish.com/vocabulary/furniture/vocabulary.html)
This exercise illustrates
(A) social exchanges.
(B) dialogic teaching.
(C) digital critical literacy.
(D) situational approaches.
(E) dissociation from interaction.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) social exchanges.
(B) dialogic teaching.
(C) digital critical literacy.
(D) situational approaches.
(E) dissociation from interaction.
đ Question 50 :
New critical literacy assessment is discussed by Duboc (2016). The only statement that does not reflect this view of assessment is:
(A) Feedback is much more relevant than grading.
(B) dialogic teaching.
(C) digital critical literacy.
(D) situational approaches.
(E) dissociation from interaction.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E :
(A) social exchanges.
(B) dialogic teaching.
(C) digital critical literacy.
(D) situational approaches.
(E) dissociation from interaction.
đ Question 50 :
New critical literacy assessment is discussed by Duboc (2016). The only statement that does not reflect this view of assessment is:
(A) Feedback is much more relevant than grading.
(B) Assessment should consider several viewpoints.
(C) Evaluation must be adapted to objective parameters.
(D) Self-evaluation can be an adequate tool for assessing.
(E) Assessment tools should be collaborative and mediated.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The assessment tool that is in line with a critical literacy posture is
(D) Self-evaluation can be an adequate tool for assessing.
(E) Assessment tools should be collaborative and mediated.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C :
(A) Feedback is much more relevant than grading.
(B) Assessment should consider several viewpoints.
(C) Evaluation must be adapted to objective parameters.
(D) Self-evaluation can be an adequate tool for assessing.
(E) Assessment tools should be collaborative and mediated.
đ Question 51 :(D) Self-evaluation can be an adequate tool for assessing.
(E) Assessment tools should be collaborative and mediated.
The assessment tool that is in line with a critical literacy posture is
(A) graded tests.
(B) dialogue journals.
(C) prescribed checklists.
(D) standardized questionnaires.
(E) copying texts from the Internet.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
*Item (A) incorreto:
*Item (B) CORRETO:
*Item (C) incorreto:
*Item (D) incorreto:
*Item (E) incorreto:
(B) dialogue journals.
(C) prescribed checklists.
(D) standardized questionnaires.
(E) copying texts from the Internet.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
*Item (A) incorreto:
*Item (B) CORRETO:
*Item (C) incorreto:
*Item (D) incorreto:
*Item (E) incorreto:
❑ TRADUĂĂO - TEXTO 3:
đ Question 52 :
As regards critical learning, the function of this cartoon is to
(A) ridicule the layout of desks.
(B) show that old habits die hard.
(C) support the teacher's attitude.
(D) criticize the students' passivity.
(E) illustrate how teaching can be fun.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
No que diz respeito ao aprendizado crĂtico, a função desse cartoon Ă© ...
(A) ridicule the layout of desks. (ridicularizar o layout das mesas.)
(B) show that old habits die hard. (mostrar que os velhos hĂĄbitos extingui-se com dificuldade.)
(C) support the teacher's attitude. (apoiar a atitude do professor.)
(D) criticize the students' passivity. (criticar a passividade dos alunos.)
(E) illustrate how teaching can be fun. (ilustrar como o ensino pode ser divertido.)
❑ I expect you all to be independent, innovative, critical thinkers who will do exactly as I say!
➭ Espero que sejam todos independentes, inovadores, pensadores crĂticos e que façam exatamente o que eu disser!
❑ IDEIA DO CARTOON:
➭ Este cartoon Ă© sobre o aprendizado crĂtico onde o professor declara que ele espera que todos os seus alunos sejam independentes, inovadores e pensadores crĂticos. No entanto, no final da fala, o professor declara que ele espera que todos façam exatamente o que ele disser, o que demonstra um discurso contraditĂłrio e bem dominador.
As regards critical learning, the function of this cartoon is to
(A) ridicule the layout of desks.
(B) show that old habits die hard.
(C) support the teacher's attitude.
(D) criticize the students' passivity.
(E) illustrate how teaching can be fun.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
No que diz respeito ao aprendizado crĂtico, a função desse cartoon Ă© ...
(A) ridicule the layout of desks. (ridicularizar o layout das mesas.)
(B) show that old habits die hard. (mostrar que os velhos hĂĄbitos extingui-se com dificuldade.)
(C) support the teacher's attitude. (apoiar a atitude do professor.)
(D) criticize the students' passivity. (criticar a passividade dos alunos.)
(E) illustrate how teaching can be fun. (ilustrar como o ensino pode ser divertido.)
đ Question 53 :
From the point of view of more recent pedagogies, the teacher's statement is rather
(A) humble.
(B) yielding.
(C) coherent.
(D) groundless.
(E) domineering.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E :
Do ponto de vista das pedagogias mais recentes, a declaração do professor é bastante ...
(A) humble. (humilde/modesta)
(B) yielding. (dĂłcil/complacente)
(C) coherent. (coerente)
(D) groundless. (sem fundamento/gratuĂto)
(E) domineering. (dominador/tirĂąnico)
đ Question 54 :
Duboc (2016, p. 65) mentions three generations of evaluation practices.
Duboc (2016, p. 65) mentions three generations of evaluation practices.
Match the frameworks and the focus of their methods:
1. Behaviorism
2. Constructivism
3. Sociocultural theories
( ) Learner-centered methods
( ) Language-centered methods
( ) Learning-centered methods
Indicate the option that shows the correct matching, from top to bottom.
(A) 2, 1 and 3.
(B) 3, 2 and 1.
(C) 1, 2 and 3.
(D) 2, 3 and 1.
(E) 1, 3 and 2.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
Duboc menciona trĂȘs geraçÔes de prĂĄticas de avaliação.
* (1) Behaviorism → MĂ©todos centrados no linguagem.
* (2) Constructivism(Construtivismo) → MĂ©todos centrados no aluno/aprendiz.
* (3) Sociocultural theories(Teorias socioculturais) → MĂ©todos centrados na aprendizagem.
1. Behaviorism
2. Constructivism
3. Sociocultural theories
( ) Learner-centered methods
( ) Language-centered methods
( ) Learning-centered methods
Indicate the option that shows the correct matching, from top to bottom.
(A) 2, 1 and 3.
(B) 3, 2 and 1.
(C) 1, 2 and 3.
(D) 2, 3 and 1.
(E) 1, 3 and 2.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
Duboc menciona trĂȘs geraçÔes de prĂĄticas de avaliação.
* (1) Behaviorism → MĂ©todos centrados no linguagem.
* (2) Constructivism(Construtivismo) → MĂ©todos centrados no aluno/aprendiz.
* (3) Sociocultural theories(Teorias socioculturais) → MĂ©todos centrados na aprendizagem.
❑ TRADUĂĂO - TEXTO 4:
Exploring Identity-based Challenges to English Teachers’ Professional Growth
Explorando os desafios baseados na identidade para o crescimento profissional dos professores de inglĂȘs
Heather Camp
Minnesota State University-Mankato
Research on pre-service teacher education indicates that identity construction is an important facet of becoming a teacher.
A pesquisa sobre a formação inicial de professores indica que a construção da identidade é uma faceta importante para se tornar um professor.
To establish oneself as a teaching professional, a person must craft a teacher identity out of the personal and professional discourses that surround him/her.
Para se estabelecer como profissional docente, o indivĂduo deve construir uma identidade docente a partir dos discursos pessoais e profissionais que o cercam.
This idea is consistent with contemporary theories of identity construction, which posit that the self is discursively constructed, made and remade by the various discourses that encompass the person.
Essa ideia Ă© consistente com as teorias contemporĂąneas de construção da identidade, que postulam que o self Ă© construĂdo discursivamente, feito e refeito pelos vĂĄrios discursos que envolvem a pessoa.
Such discourses -“pattern[s] of thinking, speaking, behaving, and interacting that [are] socially, culturally, and historically constructed and sanctioned by a specific group or groups of people” (Miller Marsh 456) -- are constantly intermingling, wrangling for ideological power and dynamically shaping one another.
Esses discursos - "padrĂ”es de pensamento, de fala, de comportamento e de interação que sĂŁo social, cultural e historicamente construĂdos e sancionados por um grupo ou grupos especĂficos de pessoas" (Miller Marsh 456) - estĂŁo constantemente a misturar-se, a disputar o poder ideolĂłgico e a moldar-se dinamicamente uns aos outros.
To construct an identity, an individual must integrate these diverse discourses, weaving them together to form a dynamic but cohesive sense of self.
Para construir uma identidade, um indivĂduo deve integrar esses diversos discursos, entrelaçando-os para formar um senso dinĂąmico, mas coeso, de si mesmo.
On one hand, this twining process has the potential to promote psychological development, leading to the attainment of “an expanded, integrated self, more diverse and richer in the possibilities for action that these multiple identities afford” (Brown 676).
Por um lado, esse processo de entrelaçamento tem o potencial de promover o desenvolvimento psicolĂłgico, levando Ă obtenção de “um eu expandido e integrado, mais diversificado e mais rico nas possibilidades de ação que essas mĂșltiplas identidades oferecem” (Brown 676).
Yet, it also may produce identity destabilization and fragmentation, leading to uncertainty, distress and stymied psychological growth.
No entanto, tambĂ©m pode produzir desestabilização e fragmentação da identidade, levando Ă incerteza, angĂșstia e crescimento psicolĂłgico bloqueado.
New teachers are confronted with the task of adopting new discourses, and of forging relationships between old and new strands of their identities.
Novos professores são confrontados com a tarefa de adotar novos discursos e de forjar relaçÔes entre velhas e novas vertentes de suas identidades.
Succeeding at this process facilitates the development of a secure and satisfying professional sense-ofself: research indicates that the attainment of an integrated identity helps teachers transition into and find satisfaction within the teaching profession, teach effectively, and nurture students’ self-development.
Ter sucesso nesse processo facilita o desenvolvimento de um senso profissional seguro e satisfatório: a pesquisa indica que a obtenção de uma identidade integrada ajuda os professores a fazer a transição e encontrar satisfação na profissão docente, ensinar com eficåcia e estimular o autodesenvolvimento dos alunos.
Further, it suggests that attaining a cohesive identity better prepares teachers to champion educational reform.
Além disso, sugere que alcançar uma identidade coesa prepara melhor os professores para defender a reforma educacional.
Yet, research also suggests that accessing this array of rewards can be difficult.
No entanto, a pesquisa tambĂ©m sugere que o acesso a essa gama de recompensas pode ser difĂcil.
As teachers seek to integrate their teacherly roles with other discourses that contribute to their sense of self, they may encounter identity conflicts that work against a sense of identity cohesiveness.
à medida que os professores buscam integrar seus papéis de professores com outros discursos que contribuem para seu senso de identidade, eles podem encontrar conflitos de identidade que trabalham contra um senso de coesão de identidade.
Encountering such conflicts can lead to emotional turmoil and stunted professional growth, even leading some student teachers (and practicing teachers) to leave the teaching profession altogether.
O encontro de tais conflitos pode levar a turbulĂȘncia emocional e crescimento profissional atrofiado, levando atĂ© mesmo alguns professores em formação (e professores em exercĂcio) a abandonar completamente a profissĂŁo docente.
Growing awareness of the importance of professional identity construction and the psychological labor it demands has led to an upsurge in scholarship on pre-service teacher identity formation. […]
A crescente consciĂȘncia da importĂąncia da construção da identidade profissional e do trabalho psicolĂłgico que ela exige levou a um aumento nos estudos sobre a formação inicial da identidade do professor. […]
This scholarship has drawn attention to the complexity of identity construction for pre-service teachers and offered educators insights into how they might support these students through this important work.
Esta bolsa chamou a atenção para a complexidade da construção da identidade de professores em formação inicial e ofereceu aos educadores percepçÔes sobre como eles podem apoiar esses alunos por meio desse importante trabalho.
Adapted from http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=wte
đ QuestĂŁo 55
Text 4 focuses on identity construction. Read the statements and mark them as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
( ) Professional identity results from a specific discursive model;
( ) Developing an identity is not a simple and effortless endeavor;
( ) Professional identities, including those of new English teachers, are in a constant flux.
The statements are, respectively:
(A) F, F and T.
(B) T, T and F.
(C) F, T and F.
(D) T, F and T.
(E) F, T and T.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
đ QuestĂŁo 55
Text 4 focuses on identity construction. Read the statements and mark them as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
( ) Professional identity results from a specific discursive model;
( ) Developing an identity is not a simple and effortless endeavor;
( ) Professional identities, including those of new English teachers, are in a constant flux.
The statements are, respectively:
(A) F, F and T.
(B) T, T and F.
(C) F, T and F.
(D) T, F and T.
(E) F, T and T.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E :
( F ) Professional identity results from a specific discursive model;
( T ) Developing an identity is not a simple and effortless endeavor;
( T ) Professional identities, including those of new English teachers, are in a constant flux.
đ QuestĂŁo 56
The phrase "stunted professional growth" implies that professional growth may be
(A) impeded.
(B) extended.
(C) promoted.
(D) developed.
(E) strengthened.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
A expressĂŁo "crescimento profissional atrofiado" implica que o crescimento profissional pode ser ...
(A) impeded.
(B) extended.
(C) promoted.
(D) developed.
(E) strengthened.
đ QuestĂŁo 57
A poststructuralist view of language teaching/learning tends to support the notion that identities are
(A) rooted.
(B) hybrid.
(C) universal.
(D) monolithic.
(E) homogeneous.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) rooted.
(B) hybrid.
(C) universal.
(D) monolithic.
(E) homogeneous.
đ QuestĂŁo 58
In the context of Text 4, the fragment “Yet, research also suggests that accessing this array of rewards can be difficult.” introduces (an)
(A) unexpected turn.
(B) wishful thinking.
(C) emphatic promise.
(D) typical illustration.
(E) vehement rejection.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) unexpected turn.
(B) wishful thinking.
(C) emphatic promise.
(D) typical illustration.
(E) vehement rejection.
đ QuestĂŁo 59
Bohn (2013, p. 83 and 90) argues that in Brazil teacher identity has been strongly influenced by
(A) market rules.
(B) media discourse.
(C) religious doctrines.
(D) foreign transactions.
(E) scientific investigation.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) market rules.
(B) media discourse.
(C) religious doctrines.
(D) foreign transactions.
(E) scientific investigation.
đ QuestĂŁo 60
From a Foucaultian perspective, classroom practice should consider as a key element
(A) centralized measures.
(B) pre-established models.
(C) standardized parameters.
(D) individual responsibilities.
(E) economy-focused premises.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
De uma perspectiva foucaultiana, a prĂĄtica da sala de aula deve considerar como um elemento-chave ...
(A) centralized measures.
(B) pre-established models.
(C) standardized parameters.
(D) individual responsibilities.
(E) economy-focused premises.
( T ) Developing an identity is not a simple and effortless endeavor;
( T ) Professional identities, including those of new English teachers, are in a constant flux.
đ QuestĂŁo 56
The phrase "stunted professional growth" implies that professional growth may be
(A) impeded.
(B) extended.
(C) promoted.
(D) developed.
(E) strengthened.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
A expressĂŁo "crescimento profissional atrofiado" implica que o crescimento profissional pode ser ...
(A) impeded.
(B) extended.
(C) promoted.
(D) developed.
(E) strengthened.
đ QuestĂŁo 57
A poststructuralist view of language teaching/learning tends to support the notion that identities are
(A) rooted.
(B) hybrid.
(C) universal.
(D) monolithic.
(E) homogeneous.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
(A) rooted.
(B) hybrid.
(C) universal.
(D) monolithic.
(E) homogeneous.
đ QuestĂŁo 58
In the context of Text 4, the fragment “Yet, research also suggests that accessing this array of rewards can be difficult.” introduces (an)
(A) unexpected turn.
(B) wishful thinking.
(C) emphatic promise.
(D) typical illustration.
(E) vehement rejection.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A :
(A) unexpected turn.
(B) wishful thinking.
(C) emphatic promise.
(D) typical illustration.
(E) vehement rejection.
đ QuestĂŁo 59
Bohn (2013, p. 83 and 90) argues that in Brazil teacher identity has been strongly influenced by
(A) market rules.
(B) media discourse.
(C) religious doctrines.
(D) foreign transactions.
(E) scientific investigation.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B :
(A) market rules.
(B) media discourse.
(C) religious doctrines.
(D) foreign transactions.
(E) scientific investigation.
đ QuestĂŁo 60
From a Foucaultian perspective, classroom practice should consider as a key element
(A) centralized measures.
(B) pre-established models.
(C) standardized parameters.
(D) individual responsibilities.
(E) economy-focused premises.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D :
De uma perspectiva foucaultiana, a prĂĄtica da sala de aula deve considerar como um elemento-chave ...
(A) centralized measures.
(B) pre-established models.
(C) standardized parameters.
(D) individual responsibilities.
(E) economy-focused premises.












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