www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br
❑ PROVA DE LĂNGUA INGLESA:
• QUADRIX-Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Distrito Federal-SEEDF-2018-PROFESSOR-14/10/2018.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 31 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | An ugly habit | www.englishrevealed.co.uk |
• Texto (2) – | Happiness is a state of mind | engexam.info |
• Texto (3) – | Stress | www.flo‐joe.co.uk |
➽TRADUĂĂO DO TEXTO:
An ugly habit
Um hĂĄbito feio
➽1Âș PARĂGRAFO[1-6]:
Smoking is one of the most common and deadliest habits in the world. Recent studies show that even though fewer people smoke today than in the past, one in every four adults still smokes. Besides, there are parts of the world where addiction to this well‐documented health hazard is increasing.
Fumar Ă© um dos hĂĄbitos mais comuns e mortais do mundo. Estudos recentes mostram que, embora hoje fumem menos pessoas do que no passado, um em cada quatro adultos ainda fuma. AlĂ©m disso, hĂĄ partes do mundo onde a dependĂȘncia deste bem documentado perigo para a saĂșde estĂĄ a aumentar.
➽2Âș PARĂGRAFO[7-15]:
More often than not, people who become regular smokers started when they were young. Despite knowing that smoking is harmful, most smokers have a hard time explaining why they started, and why they continue.
Na maioria das vezes, as pessoas que se tornam fumantes regulares começaram quando eram jovens. Apesar de saberem que fumar é prejudicial, a maioria dos fumantes tem dificuldade em explicar por que começaram e por que continuam.
Actually, many know someone who has died from a smoking‐related illness, yet they continue lighting up when they go out for a drink, take a break from work, or hear alarming news. Some smokers even light up when they learn about the dangers of smoking because they become worried.
Na verdade, muitos conhecem alguĂ©m que morreu de uma doença relacionada ao tabagismo, mas continuam acendendo cigarros quando saem para tomar uma bebida, fazem uma pausa no trabalho ou ouvem notĂcias alarmantes. Alguns fumantes atĂ© acendem quando aprendem sobre os perigos do fumo porque ficam preocupados.
➽3Âș PARĂGRAFO[16-18]:
Apart from the obvious health risks, for a growing number of people smoking is an ugly, unpleasant habit and they would rather avoid a room filled with smelly smoke.
Para alĂ©m dos riscos Ăłbvios para a saĂșde, para um nĂșmero crescente de pessoas fumar Ă© um hĂĄbito feio e desagradĂĄvel e preferem evitar uma sala cheia de fumo malcheiroso.
Internet: <www.englishrevealed.co.uk> (adapted)
Com base no texto, julgue os seguintes itens.
69 No other habit in the world is as lethal as smoking.
Nenhum outro hĂĄbito no mundo Ă© tĂŁo letal quanto fumar.
- ITEM 69 ERRADO.
- Smoking is one of the most common and deadliest habits in the world.
- Fumar Ă© um dos hĂĄbitos mais comuns e mortais do mundo.
70 The word though can be used instead of “even though”
(line 2) without affecting the meaning of the sentence.
A palavra THOUGH pode ser usada em vez de EVEN THOUGH sem afetar o significado da frase.
- ITEM 70 CORRETO.
- [2-4] Recent studies show that even though fewer people smoke today than in the past, one in every four adults still smokes.
- Estudos recentes mostram que, embora hoje fumem menos pessoas do que no passado, um em cada quatro adultos ainda fuma.
- COMENTĂRIOS:
- Even though is similar to although but it makes a stronger contrast (dictionary.cambridge.org).
- "Even though" e "although" são intercambiåveis, visto que não hå restrição gramatical. nem restrição semùntica, quanto ao uso de um ou outro. Apenas, "Even though" é mais enfåtico.
71 The use of the hyphen in “well‐documented” (line 5) is
optional.
O uso do hĂfen em “well‐documented” Ă© opcional.
- ITEM 71 ERRADO. porque nĂŁo Ă© opcional, Ă© obrigatĂłrio.
- Adjetivos compostos com hĂfen sĂŁo usados antes do substantivo,
- [4-6] this well‐documented health hazard .
- PAY ATTENTION:
- Adjetivos compostos com hĂfen sĂŁo usados apenas antes do substantivo, se eles vierem depois do substantivo eles perdem o hĂfen.
- These are all well-documented facts. (ldoceonline.com)
- The medicinal value of garlic is well documented. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
72 Furthermore is a correct alternative for “Besides” (line 4).
- ITEM 71 CORRETO. porque "Besides," e "Futhermore," ambos sĂŁo advĂ©rbios conjuntivos com funçÔes semĂąnticas de "ADIĂĂO".
- [4-6] Recent studies show that even though fewer people smoke today than in the past, one in every four adults still smokes. Besides, there are parts of the world where addiction to this well‐documented health hazard is increasing.
- COMENTĂRIOS:
- Dependendo do contexto, BESIDES pode ser uma preposição ou um AdvĂ©rbio Conjuntivo( pontuado entre vĂrgulas ou entre ponto e vĂrgula.).
- Besides my brother, I have three other siblings. (Besides → PREPOSIĂĂO)
- AlĂ©m do meu irmĂŁo, tenho trĂȘs outras irmĂŁs.
- It was too expensive. Besides, the food wasn’t that great. (Besides, → ADVĂRBIO CONJUNTIVO)
- Era muito caro. Além disso, a comida não era tão boa.
- AdvĂ©rbios conjuntivos (ou advĂ©rbios com vĂrgula) sĂŁo usados para indicar uma CONEXĂO SEMĂNTICA entre duas oraçÔes independentes em uma sentença.
73 “fewer”, in “fewer people” (line 3), can be adequately
substituted by less.
- ITEM 73 ERRADO.
74 “More often than not” (line 7) means usually.
- ITEM 74 CORRETO.
75 In paragraph 2, using Despite the fact that they know
instead of “Despite knowing” (line 8) will alter the
meaning of the sentence.
- ITEM 75 ERRADO.
76 At the present time expresses the same idea as
“Actually” (line 11).
- ITEM 76 ERRADO.
77 Nowadays, among adults, people who do not smoke
outnumber those who do.
- ITEM 77 CORRETO.
78 The “th” in “health” (line 16) and “rather” (line 18) is
pronounced in the same way.
- ITEM 78 ERRADO.
79 “would rather”, in “they would rather avoid” (line 18),
expresses necessity.
- ITEM 79 ERRADO.
80 According to the text, knowing that smoking poses a
threat to human health does not seem to work as a
deterrent to many smokers.
- ITEM 80 CORRETO.
ITEM 05:
“fewer”, in “fewer people”(line 3), can be adequately substituted by less.
- ANSWER (E)
- FEWER and LESS, these English words have the same meaning: they both mean “minus”(menos).
- The basic rule is to use "less" with uncountable nouns and "fewer" with countable nouns:
- less money, less sugar, less trouble, less rain, less traffic, less milk,
- fewer cars, fewer people, fewer problems, fewer complaints, fewer students, fewer birds, fewer days.
- PEOPLE is a plural word. Therefore it should be used with FEWER and not with LESS.
- usually = frequentemente.
ITEM 07:
- Despite knowing = Apesar de saber.
- Actually = in reality.
- rather [RĂĄdĂŽ]
ITEM 11:
“would rather”, in “they would rather avoid” (line 18), expresses necessity.
- ANSWER (E)
- “would rather”, in “they would rather avoid” (line 18), expresses necessity.
- WOULD RATHER expresses preference.
- WOULD RATHER used to show that you prefer to have or do one thing more than another.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY):
- I'd rather have a beer.(Prefiro uma cerveja.)
- Which would you rather do - go swimming or play tennis?(O que vocĂȘ prefere fazer - nadar ou jogar tĂȘnis?)
- Wouldn't you rather finish it tomorrow?(VocĂȘ nĂŁo prefere terminar amanhĂŁ?)
ITEM 12:
According to the text, knowing that smoking poses a threat to human health does not seem to work as a deterrent to many smokers.
❑ TEXTO 2: Text for the items from 81 to 88.
➽TRADUĂĂO DO TEXTO:
Happiness is a state of mind
Felicidade Ă© um estado de espĂrito
➽1Âș PARĂGRAFO[1-2]:
Research undertaken into the pursuit of happiness has produced some interesting ideas.
A pesquisa realizada na busca da felicidade produziu algumas ideias interessantes.
➽2Âș PARĂGRAFO[3-9]:
One of them is the hypothesis that happiness resembles a skill and can therefore be learned. Meditation seems to be a key factor and this can be scientifically demonstrated. MRI scans were performed on people who meditated regularly did show raised levels of positivity in the left‐hand side of their brains, the part usually connected with happiness.
Uma delas Ă© a hipĂłtese de que a felicidade se assemelha a uma habilidade e, portanto, pode ser aprendida. A meditação parece ser um fator chave e isso pode ser demonstrado cientificamente. Exames de ressonĂąncia magnĂ©tica foram realizados em pessoas que meditavam regularmente e mostraram nĂveis elevados de positividade no lado esquerdo do cĂ©rebro, a parte geralmente ligada Ă felicidade.
➽3Âș PARĂGRAFO[10-13]:
This is a promising finding, but does it mean that only
specialist meditators can be happy? Apparently not, as even
people who only meditated occasionally demonstrated
greater positivity.
Esta Ă© uma descoberta promissora, mas significarĂĄ que apenas meditadores especialistas podem ser felizes? Aparentemente nĂŁo, pois mesmo as pessoas que meditavam apenas ocasionalmente demonstraram maior positividade.
Internet: <engexam.info> (adapted)
81 People willing to learn meditation had their brains scanned.
- ITEM 81 ERRADO.
82 The “ed” ending in “produced” (line 2) is pronounced differently from the “ed” ending in “performed” (line 6).
- ITEM 82 CORRETO.
83 The relative pronoun “who”, in “people who meditated” (lines 6 and 7), cannot be adequately replaced by that.
- ITEM 83 ERRADO.
84 “did”, in “did show” (line 7), is used to add emphasis to what the verb “show” is referring to in the sentence.
- ITEM 84 CORRETO.
85 The letter “s” in “this”(line 5) is pronounced “z”.
- ITEM 85 ERRADO.
86 When the author says: “This is a promising finding” (line 10), he is referring to MRI brain scanning technology.
- ITEM 86 ERRADO.
87 since is a correct alternative for “as”, in “as even people” (lines 11 and 12).
- ITEM 87 CORRETO.
88 The final “s” in “ideas”(line 2) and “brains” (line 8) is pronounced in the same way.
- ITEM 88 CORRETO.
❑ TEXTO 3:
➽TRADUĂĂO DO TEXTO:
Stress
Estresse
➽1Âș PARĂGRAFO[1-2]:
Stress is often called a 21st century illness, but it has
always been with us.
O estresse é frequentemente chamado de doença do século 21, mas sempre esteve conosco.
These days we regard stress as a necessary evil of modern living. Yet stress is not altogether negative, and without it we would not enjoy some of the highpoints in life such as the anticipation before a date or the tension leading up to an important match. As a matter of fact, all these situations produce stress but if you manage to control it, you will feel stimulated.
Hoje em dia consideramos o estresse um mal necessĂĄrio da vida moderna. No entanto, o stress nĂŁo Ă© de todo negativo e, sem ele, nĂŁo desfrutarĂamos de alguns dos pontos altos da vida, como a expectativa antes de um encontro ou a tensĂŁo que antecede um encontro importante. Na verdade, todas essas situaçÔes geram estresse, mas se vocĂȘ conseguir controlĂĄ-lo, vocĂȘ se sentirĂĄ estimulado.
However, unlike these situations, which are generally positive and easier to deal with, sitting in a train that is running late, being stuck in a traffic jam or working to a tight deadline are much harder to control, and are therefore very likely to trigger off a significant amount of stress.
Na verdade, todas essas situaçÔes geram estresse, mas se vocĂȘ conseguir controlĂĄ-lo, vocĂȘ se sentirĂĄ estimulado. No entanto, ao contrĂĄrio destas situaçÔes, que sĂŁo geralmente positivas e mais fĂĄceis de lidar, sentar-se num comboio atrasado, ficar preso num engarrafamento ou trabalhar com prazos apertados sĂŁo muito mais difĂceis de controlar e, portanto, sĂŁo muito susceptĂveis de desencadear uma quantidade significativa de estresse.
Internet: <www.flo‐joe.co.uk> (adapted).
89 The singular form of “These” (line 3) is either This or That.
- ITEM 89 ERRADO.
- this → these
- that → those
90 A synonymous word for “altogether” (line 4) is entirely.
- ITEM 90 CORRETO.
- “altogether” /ËÉËl.tÉËÉĄeð.Ér/ → in total, entirely, completely (dictionary.cambridge.org).
91 The word However is a correct alternative for “Yet”, in
“Yet stress is” (line 4).
- ITEM 91 CORRETO.
- These days we regard stress as a necessary evil of modern living. Yet stress is not altogether negative,
- Hoje em dia consideramos o estresse um mal necessĂĄrio da vida moderna. No entanto, o estresse nĂŁo Ă© totalmente negativo,
92 “if you manage to control it, you will feel stimulated”
(lines 8 and 9) means the same thing as: unless you
manage to control it, you won’t feel satisfied.
- ITEM 92 ANULADO.
93 In line 1, it is equally correct to say “Stress is” or The
stress is.
- ITEM 93 ERRADO.
94 The use of provided in place of “if”, in “if you manage”
(line 8) would alter the conditional meaning of this
sentence.
- ITEM 94 ERRADO.
95 According to the text, the occurrence of stress does not
always mean despair or preoccupation.
- ITEM 95 CORRETO.
96 The transition word however only expresses contrast
when it is used right at the beginning of a sentence, as in
line 9: “However, unlike these situations”.
A palavra de transição, porĂ©m, sĂł expressa contraste quando Ă© usada logo no inĂcio de uma frase, como na linha 9: “No entanto, ao contrĂĄrio destas situaçÔes”.
- ITEM 96 ERRADO. porque como advĂ©rbio conjuntivo, “However," apresenta FUNĂĂO SEMĂNTICA DE CONTRASTE e pode ser usado no inĂcio de uma oração, ou entre oraçÔes.
- Sendo que em ambos os casos, "however," tem que estar com vĂrgula:
- COMENTĂRIOS.
- "however" não é conjunção, é um advérbio.
- "However,"(com vĂrgula) Ă© um advĂ©rbio conjuntivo com função semĂąntica de "CONTRASTE". Neste caso, pode ser usado no inĂcio ou no meio de uma sentença. Em ambos os casos, "however," tem que estar com vĂrgula:
- This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others.
- Esta Ă© uma possĂvel solução para o problema. Entretanto, hĂĄ outros.
- There may, however, be other reasons that we don't know about.
- Pode haver, no entanto, outras razÔes que não conhecemos.
- However you look at it, the news is bad.
- NĂŁo importa como vocĂȘ as encare, as notĂcias sĂŁo ruins.
97 In the relative clause “which are generally positive and
easier to deal with” (lines 9 and 10), the use of that
instead of “which” is grammatically correct.
- ITEM 97 ERRADO.
98 The adverb Actually cannot be used instead of “As a
matter of fact” (line 7).
- ITEM 98 ERRADO.
99 The word “likely” (line 13) expresses probability.
- ITEM 99 CORRETO.
100 Using a lot instead of “much”, in “much harder” (line 12),
will not affect the meaning of the sentence in any way.
- ITEM 100 CORRETO.




ComentĂĄrios
Postar um comentĂĄrio