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• Texto – | Fire Devastates Brazil's Oldest Science Museum | http://science.nationalgeographic.com |
• 06 Multiple Choice Questions | Four-Option Question |

❑ TEXTO: Read the text to answer questions 49 to 53.

Fire Devastates Brazil's Oldest Science Museum

Incêndio devasta o museu de ciência mais antigo do Brasil

The overnight inferno likely claimed fossils, cultural artifacts, and more irreplaceable collections amassed over 200 years.

O inferno noturno destruiu provavelmente fósseis, artefactos culturais e outras coleções insubstituíveis acumuladas ao longo de 200 anos.

• By Michael Greshko - PUBLISHED September 6, 2018

Major pieces of Brazil's scientific and cultural heritage went up in smoke on September 2, as a devastating fire ripped through much of Rio de Janeiro's Museu Nacional, or National Museum.

Peças principais[Major pieces] do patrimônio científico e cultural do Brasil "virou fumaça"[went up in smoke] no dia 2 de setembro, quando um incêndio devastador destruiu[ripped through] grande parte Museu Nacional, no Rio de Janeiro.

Founded in 1818, the museum is Brazil's oldest scientific institution and one of the largest and most renowned museums in Latin America, amassing a collection of some 20 million scientifically and culturally invaluable artifacts.

Fundado em 1818, o museu é a instituição científica mais antiga do Brasil e um dos maiores e mais conceituados museus da América Latina, reunindo um acervo de cerca de 20 milhões de artefatos de inestimável valor científico e cultural.

The Museu Nacional's holdings include Luzia, an 11,500-year-old skull considered one of South America's oldest human fossils, as well as the bones of uniquely Brazilian creatures such as the long-necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus.

O acervo do Museu Nacional inclui Luzia, um crânio com 11.500 anos considerado um dos fósseis humanos mais antigos da América do Sul, bem como ossos de criaturas tipicamente brasileiras, como o dinossauro de pescoço comprido Maxakalisaurus.

Because of the auction tastes of Brazil's 19th-century emperors, the Museu Nacional also ended up with Latin America's oldest collection of Egyptian mummies and artifacts.

Devido ao gosto dos imperadores brasileiros do século XIX pelos leilões, o Museu Nacional ficou também com a mais antiga coleção de múmias e artefactos egípcios da América Latina.

Even the building holds historical importance: It housed the exiled Portuguese royal family from 1808 to 1821, after they fled to Rio de Janeiro in 1807 to escape Napoleon.

Até o edifício tem importância histórica: albergou a família real portuguesa exilada de 1808 a 1821, após a sua fuga para o Rio de Janeiro em 1807 para escapar de Napoleão.

The complex also served as the palace for Brazil's post-independence emperors until 1889, before the museum collections were transferred there in 1902.

O complexo serviu também de palácio para os imperadores brasileiros pós-independência até 1889, antes da transferência do acervo do museu para lá em 1902.

In an September 5 email, Museu Nacional curator Débora Pires wrote that the entomology and arachnology collections were completely destroyed, as was most of the mollusk collection.

Num e-mail de 5 de setembro, a curadora do Museu Nacional, Débora Pires, escreveu que as coleções de entomologia e aracnologia foram completamente destruídas, assim como a maior parte da coleção de moluscos.

However, technicians had braved the fire to save 80 percent of the mollusk holotypes—the specimens that formally serve as the global references for a given species.

No entanto, os técnicos enfrentaram o incêndio para salvar 80% dos holótipos de moluscos — os espécimes que servem formalmente como referências globais para uma determinada espécie.

The museum's vertebrate specimens, herbarium, and library were housed separately and survived the fire.

Os espécimes de vertebrados, o herbário e a biblioteca do museu foram armazenados separadamente e sobreviveram ao incêndio.

(...)

An Irreplaceable Loss

Uma perda insubstituível[irreparável]

It's not yet clear how the fire started, but it did begin after the museum was closed to the public, and no injuries have yet been reported.

Ainda não é claro como o incêndio começou, mas começou depois de o museu ter sido fechado ao público, e ainda não há relatos de feridos.

Firefighters worked through the night to douse the burnt-out shell of the main building, but it seems the blaze has already seared a gaping hole in many scientists' careers.

Os bombeiros trabalharam durante toda a noite para apagar o incêndio do edifício principal, mas parece que o incêndio já abriu um enorme buraco na carreira de muitos cientistas.

“The importance of the collections that were lost couldn't be overstated,” says Luiz Rocha, a Brazilian ichthyologist now at the California Academy of Sciences who has visited the Museu Nacional several times to study its collections.

A importância das coleções perdidas é inestimável”, afirma Luiz Rocha, ictiólogo brasileiro atualmente na Academia de Ciências da Califórnia, que visitou o Museu Nacional por diversas vezes para estudar as suas coleções.

“They were unique as it gets: Many of them were irreplaceable, there's no way to put a monetary value on it.”

“Eram únicas: muitas delas eram insubstituíveis, não há como lhes atribuir um valor monetário.”

“In terms of [my] life-long research agenda, I'm pretty much lost,” says Marcus Guidoti, a Brazilian entomologist finishing up his Ph.D. in a program co-run by Brazil's Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.

“Em termos da minha agenda de investigação ao longo da vida, estou praticamente perdido”, diz Marcus Guidoti, um entomologista brasileiro que está a concluir o doutoramento num programa co-gerido pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

Guidoti studies lace bugs, an insect family with more than 2,000 species worldwide. The Museu Nacional held one of the world's largest lace bug collections, but the fire likely destroyed it and the rest of the museum's five million arthropod specimens.

Guidoti estuda os percevejos-de-renda, uma família de insetos com mais de 2.000 espécies em todo o mundo. O Museu Nacional possuía uma das maiores coleções de percevejos-da-renda do mundo, mas o incêndio destruiu-a provavelmente, assim como os outros cinco milhões de espécimes de artrópodes do museu.

“Those type specimens can't be replaced, and they are crucial to understand the species,” he says by text message.

“Estes espécimes-tipo não podem ser substituídos e são cruciais para compreender a espécie”, diz por mensagem de texto.

“If I was willing to keep working on this family in this region of the globe, this was definitely a big hit.”

“Se eu estivesse disposto a continuar a trabalhar com esta família nesta região do globo, isso seria definitivamente um grande sucesso.”

Paleontologist Dimila Mothé, a postdoctoral researcher at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, adds that the blows to science extend beyond thecollections themselves.

A paleontóloga Dimila Mothé, investigadora de pós-doutoramento na Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, acrescenta que os golpes à ciência vão além das próprias coleções.

“It's not only the cultural history, the natural history, but all the theses and research developed there,” she says. “Most of the laboratories there were lost, too, and the research of several professors. I'm not sure you can say the impact of what was lost.”

"Não se trata apenas da história cultural, da história natural, mas de todas as teses e pesquisas ali desenvolvidas", diz ela. "A maioria dos laboratórios de lá também se perdeu, assim como a investigação de vários professores. Não tenho a certeza se é possível descrever o impacto do que se perdeu."

Brazil’s indigenous knowledge also has suffered. The Museu Nacional housed world-renowned collections of indigenous objects, as well as many audio recordings of indigenous languages from all over Brazil. Some of these recordings, now lost, were of languages that are no longer spoken.

O conhecimento indígena brasileiro também sofreu. O Museu Nacional albergava coleções de objetos indígenas de renome mundial, bem como inúmeras gravações áudio de línguas indígenas de todo o Brasil. Algumas dessas gravações, hoje perdidas, eram de línguas que já não se falam.

“I have no words to say how horrible this is,” says Brazilian anthropologist Mariana Françozo, an expert on South American indigenous objects at Leiden University.

“Não tenho palavras para dizer o quão horrível isto é”, diz a antropóloga brasileira Mariana Françozo, especialista em objetos indígenas sul-americanos na Universidade de Leiden.

“The indigenous collections are a tremendous loss ... we can no longer study them, we can no longer understand what our ancestors did. It’s heartbreaking.”

“As coleções indígenas são uma perda tremenda... já não as podemos estudar, já não conseguimos compreender o que os nossos antepassados ​​faziam. É de partir o coração.”

On Monday, The Brazilian publication G1 Rio reported that ashes of burned documents — some still flecked in notes or illustrations — have rained down from the sky more than a mile away from the Museu Nacional, thrown aloft by the inferno.

Na segunda-feira, o jornal brasileiro G1 Rio noticiou que cinzas de documentos queimados — alguns ainda salpicados de notas ou ilustrações — caíram do céu a mais de um quilómetro do Museu Nacional, lançadas ao ar pelo fogo.

(...)

Editor's Note: This story was updated on September 6, 2018, with new details about which artifacts survived the fire.

Nota do editor: esta história foi atualizada a 6 de setembro de 2018, com novos detalhes sobre quais os artefactos que sobreviveram ao incêndio.

• Taken from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/09/news-museu-nacional-fire-rio-de-janeiro-natural-history/. Access: 11 dez. 2018.

49 – In the excerpt 

• “Founded in 1818, the museum is Brazil's oldest scientific institution and one of the largest and most renowned museums in Latin America”

we have 3 (three) occurrences of:

A) The superlative of inferiority of adjectives.

B) The superlative of superiority of adjectives.

C) The comparative of inferiority of adjectives.

D) The comparative of superiority of adjectives.

•   Gabarito B  

In the excerpt 

• “Founded in 1818, the museum is Brazil's oldest scientific institution and one of the largest and most renowned museums in Latin America”

we have 3 (three) occurrences of:

A) The superlative of inferiority of adjectives.

B) The superlative of superiority of adjectives.

C) The comparative of inferiority of adjectives.

D) The comparative of superiority of adjectives.

50 – In the excerpt

• “Even the building holds historical importance: It housed the exiled Portuguese royal family from 1808 to 1821, after they fled to Rio de Janeiro in 1807 to escape Napoleon”,

the word IT refers to:

A) The building.

B) Importance.

C) Royal family.

D) Rio de Janeiro.

•   Gabarito A  

The word IT refers to:

A) The building.

B) Importance.

C) Royal family.

D) Rio de Janeiro.

• “Even the building holds historical importance: It housed the exiled Portuguese royal family from 1808 to 1821, after they fled to Rio de Janeiro in 1807 to escape Napoleon”,
• “Até o edifício tem importância histórica: Ele (o prédio) albergou a família real portuguesa exilada de 1808 a 1821, depois de fugirem para o Rio de Janeiro em 1807 para escapar a Napoleão”,

51 – According to the text about the Brazilian National Museum, the fire

A) burned vertebrate specimens, herbarium and library.

B) destroyed entomology and arachnology collections.

C) provoked the exile of the Portuguese royal family.

D) reached renowned museums in Latin America.

•   Gabarito B  

According to the text about the Brazilian National Museum, the fire

De acordo com o texto sobre o Museu Nacional, o incêndio

A) burned vertebrate specimens, herbarium and library.

queimou exemplares de vertebrados, herbário e biblioteca.

B) destroyed entomology and arachnology collections.

destruiu coleções de entomologia e aracnologia.

C) provoked the exile of the Portuguese royal family.

provocou o exílio da família real portuguesa.

D) reached renowned museums in Latin America.

atingiu museus de renome na América Latina.

52 – The fire caused damages and losses in different areas of the National Museum, EXCEPT in:

A) Paleontology.

B) Entomology.

C) Herbology.

D) Anthropology.

•   Gabarito C  

The fire caused damages and losses in different areas of the National Museum, EXCEPT in:

O incêndio causou danos e prejuízos em diferentes áreas do Museu Nacional, EXCETO em:

A) Paleontology.

Paleontologia.

B) Entomology.

Entomologia.

C) Herbology.

Herbologia.

D) Anthropology.

Antropologia.

53 – The correct reported speech form for the sentence

• “Most of the laboratories there were lost, too, and the research of several professors. I'm not sure you can say the impact of what was lost”,

said by Dimila Mothé, is:

A) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories

there were lost, too, and the research of several

professors and she is not sure one can say the

impact of what was lost.

B) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories

there had been lost, too, and the research of

several professors and she was not sure one

could say the impact of what had been lost.

C) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories

there were lost, too, and the research of several

professors and she was not sure one could say

the impact of what was lost.

D) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories

there are lost, too, and the research of several

professors and she was not sure one can say the

impact of what was lost.

•   Gabarito B  

The correct reported speech form for the sentence

A forma correta do DISCURSO INDIRETO para a frase

• “Most of the laboratories there were lost, too, and the research of several professors. I'm not sure you can say the impact of what was lost”,

said by Dimila Mothé, is:

A) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories

there were lost, too, and the research of several

professors and she is not sure one can say the

impact of what was lost.

B) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories

there had been lost, too, and the research of

several professors and she was not sure one

could say the impact of what had been lost.

C) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories

there were lost, too, and the research of several

professors and she was not sure one could say

the impact of what was lost.

D) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories

there are lost, too, and the research of several

professors and she was not sure one can say the

impact of what was lost.

54 – Lima Barreto’s work (Sad End of Policarpo Quaresma) describes a man who acted in some areas along his life.

Check the alternative that shows the area that it was

NOT active.

A) Agriculture.

B) Music.

C) Medicine.

D) Politics.

•   Gabarito C  

• Lima Barreto’s work (Sad End of Policarpo Quaresma) describes a man who acted in some areas along his life.
• A obra de Lima Barreto (Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma) descreve um homem que trabalhou em algumas áreas ao longo da sua vida.

Check the alternative that shows the area that it was

NOT active.

A) Agriculture.

B) Music.

C) Medicine.

D) Politics.