❑ TEXTO 1:
>> 1º PARÁGRAFO:
In January 1818, Mary Shelley anonymously published a
strange little novel that would eventually make her
world-famous. Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is
the story of a scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who is driven by an
unrelenting “thirst for knowledge,” an ambition to penetrate the
secrets of nature, heaven, and Earth.
Em janeiro de 1818, Mary Shelley publicou anonimamente um pequeno e estranho romance que a tornaria mundialmente famosa. Frankenstein; ou, The Modern Prometheus é a história de um cientista, Victor Frankenstein, que é movido por uma implacável “sede de conhecimento”, uma ambição de penetrar nos segredos da natureza, do céu e da Terra.
He works tirelessly to
engineer a sentient being who, upon coming alive, is hideous to
him. Realizing with horror that his plan has gone awry,
Frankenstein flees his creature who in turn angrily chases him to
the end of the Earth and finally destroys him at the novel’s end.
Trabalha incansavelmente para criar um ser senciente que, ao ganhar vida, é horrível para ele. Percebendo com horror que o seu plano correu mal, Frankenstein foge da sua criatura, que por sua vez o persegue furiosamente até ao fim da Terra e finalmente o destrói no final do romance.
>> 2º PARÁGRAFO:
Shelley’s dystopian tale has managed to stay relevant
since its publication.
A história distópica de Shelley conseguiu manter-se relevante desde a sua publicação.
It has a riddling quality that has edified and
entertained readers for centuries, inspiring a range of
interpretations. Recently, it has been making appearances in the
heated debates over generative artificial intelligence, where it
often is evoked as a cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific
overreach. Some worry that in pursuing technologies like AI, we
are recklessly consigning our species to Victor Frankenstein’s
tragic fate. Our wonderchildren, our miraculous machines, might
ultimately destroy us. This fear is an expression of what science
fiction writer Isaac Asimov once called the “Frankenstein
complex.”
Tem uma qualidade misteriosa que edificou e entreteve os leitores durante séculos, inspirando uma série de interpretações. Recentemente, tem aparecido nos debates acalorados sobre a inteligência artificial generativa, onde é frequentemente evocada como um conto de advertência sobre os perigos do exagero científico. Alguns temem que, ao procurarmos tecnologias como a IA, estejamos a entregar imprudentemente a nossa espécie ao trágico destino de Victor Frankenstein. Os nossos maravilhosos filhos, as nossas máquinas milagrosas, poderão acabar por nos destruir. Este medo é uma expressão daquilo a que o escritor de ficção científica Isaac Asimov chamou, em tempos, o “complexo de Frankenstein”.
>> 3º PARÁGRAFO:
Strangely, it’s not only people who are afraid of robots
who are expressing such fears today; it is also some of the people
who are most aggressively at the forefront of technological
innovation. Elon Musk seemed to have had Mary Shelley’s story
in mind when he warned a World Government Summit in Dubai
in 2017 that sometimes “a scientist will get so engrossed in their
work that they don’t really realize the ramifications of what
they’re doing.”
Estranhamente, não são apenas as pessoas que têm medo de robôs que expressam tais medos hoje em dia; são também algumas das pessoas que estão mais agressivamente na vanguarda da inovação tecnológica. Elon Musk parecia ter em mente a história de Mary Shelley quando avisou, numa Cimeira Governamental Mundial no Dubai, em 2017, que por vezes “um cientista fica tão absorto no seu trabalho que não se apercebe realmente das ramificações do que está a fazer”.
- Jennifer Banks. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein can illuminate the debate over generative AI. In: Big Think. Internet: <bigthink.com> (adapted)
Based on the previous text, judge the following items.
1 In the second sentence of the first paragraph, the excerpt “an
ambition to penetrate the secrets of nature, heaven, and Earth”
can be understood as an explanation for the “unrelenting ‘thirst
of knowledge’” that drove Victor Frankenstein.
>> CERTO: Na segunda frase do primeiro parágrafo, o excerto “uma ambição de penetrar nos segredos da natureza, do céu e da Terra” pode ser entendido como uma explicação para a “implacável ‘sede de conhecimento’” que movia Victor Frankenstein.
>> JUSTIFICATIVA:
2 According to the text, at the end of Mary Shelley’s novel,
Doctor Frankenstein kills the monster he created.
>> ERRADO: Segundo o texto, no final do romance de Mary Shelley, o Doutor Frankenstein mata o monstro que criou.
3 In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “awry” is used to
indicate that Victor Frankenstein’s plan went well, as his
creature was similar to a human being.
>> ERRADO: Na última frase do primeiro parágrafo, “errado” é utilizado para indicar que o plano de Victor Frankenstein resultou, pois a sua criatura era semelhante a um ser humano.
4 According to the author of the text, Shelley’s novel should
be mentioned in debates over AI because it proves things can
go very wrong with new technologies.
>> ERRADO: Segundo o autor do texto, o romance de Shelley deveria ser mencionado nos debates sobre IA porque prova que as coisas podem correr muito mal com as novas tecnologias.
5 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the excerpt
“Our wonderchildren, our miraculous machines” refers to the
creatures that may be created by AI.
>> ANULADO: Na última frase do segundo parágrafo, o excerto “Os nossos filhos maravilhosos, as nossas máquinas milagrosas” refere-se às criaturas que podem ser criadas pela IA.
6 The last paragraph of the text states that Elon Musk was
thinking of Mary Shelley when he declared scientists didn’t
realize the ramifications of what they were doing.
>> ERRADO: O último parágrafo do texto refere que Elon Musk estava a pensar em Mary Shelley quando declarou que os cientistas não se apercebiam das ramificações do que estavam a fazer.
7 According to the text, Elon Musk is someone who is afraid
of robots, even though he is one of the leaders of
technological innovation.
>> ERRADO:
❑ TEXTO 2:
>> 1º PARÁGRAFO:
The idea that we might one day be able to construct some
artefact which has a mind in the same sense that we have minds
is not a new one. It has featured in entertaining and frightening
fictions since Mary Shelley first conceived of Frankenstein’s
monster.
A ideia de que um dia poderemos construir algum artefacto que tenha uma mente no mesmo sentido que nós temos mentes não é nova. Tem aparecido em ficções divertidas e assustadoras desde que Mary Shelley concebeu pela primeira vez o monstro de Frankenstein.
>> 2º PARÁGRAFO:
In the classic science fiction of the early to mid-twentieth
century, this idea was generally cashed out in terms of
‘mechanical men’ or robots – from the Czech word robata, which
translates roughly as the feudal term corvée, a term which refers
to the unpaid labour provided to one’s liege lord.
Na ficção científica clássica do início e meados do século XX, esta ideia era geralmente concretizada em termos de “homens mecânicos” ou robôs – da palavra checa robata, que se traduz aproximadamente como o termo feudal corvée, um termo que se refere ao trabalho não remunerado fornecido ao senhor feudal de alguém.
>> 3º PARÁGRAFO:
In more modern fiction, the idea of a mechanical mind has
given way to the now commonplace notion of a computational
artificial intelligence. The possibility of actually developing
artificial intelligence, however, is not just a question of
sufficiently advanced technology. It is rather a philosophical
question.
Na ficção mais moderna, a ideia de uma mente mecânica deu lugar à noção, hoje comum, de uma inteligência artificial computacional. A possibilidade de realmente desenvolver inteligência artificial, contudo, não é apenas uma questão de tecnologia suficientemente avançada. É antes uma questão filosófica.
- Matt Carter. Minds and Computers: an introduction to the philosophy of artficial intelligence. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007 (adapted).
About the preceding text, judge the following items.
8 The word “It”, in the beginning of the second sentence of the
text, refers to “some artifact which has a mind in the same
sense that we have minds”.
>> ERRADO: A palavra “It”, no início da segunda frase do texto, refere-se a “algum artefacto que possui uma mente no mesmo sentido em que nós temos mente”.
9 The first sentence of the first paragraph would still keep both
its original meaning and its grammar correctness if the word
“might” were replaced with can.
>> ERRADO: A primeira frase do primeiro parágrafo manteria ainda o seu significado original e a sua correção gramatical se a palavra “poderia” fosse substituída por can.
10 The text states that the idea of developing human-like minds
in non-human artefacts has been part of fictional production
for many decades.
>> CERTO: O texto refere que a ideia de desenvolver mentes semelhantes às humanas em artefactos não humanos faz parte da produção ficcional há muitas décadas.
11 The author suggests that the philosophical question behind
the development of AI plays a more central role in the AI
related debate than the advanced technology it demands.
>> CERTO: O autor sugere que a questão filosófica por detrás do desenvolvimento da IA desempenha um papel mais central no debate relacionado com a IA do que a tecnologia avançada que esta exige.
12 From the information given in the second paragraph of the
text, it is correct to assume that the origins of the word
“robots” had to do with the slavery system.
>> ERRADO: Pela informação fornecida no segundo parágrafo do texto, é correto supor que a origem da palavra “robôs” teve a ver com o sistema esclavagista.
❑ TEXTO (items de 13 até 19):
The term AI winter refers to a period of reduced funding
in the development of AI. In general, AI has followed a path on
which proponents overstate what is possible, inducing people
with no technology knowledge at all, but lots of money, to make
investments. A period of criticism then follows when AI fails to
meet expectations, and, finally, the reduction in funding occurs.
>>
A number of these cycles have occurred over the years —
all of them devastating to true progress. AI is currently in a new
hype phase because of machine learning, a technology that helps
computers learn from data. Having a computer learn from data
means not depending on a human programmer to set operations
(tasks), but rather deriving them directly from examples that
show how the computer should behave. It’s like educating a baby
by showing it how to behave through example. Machine learning
has pitfalls because the computer can learn how to do things
incorrectly through careless teaching.
>>
Scientists are working on machine learning algorithms,
each one from a different point of view. At this time, the most
successful solution is deep learning, which is a technology that
strives to imitate the human brain. Deep learning is possible
because of the availability of powerful computers, smarter
algorithms, large datasets produced by the digitalization of our
society, and huge investments from businesses such as Google,
Facebook, Amazon, and others that take advantage of this AI
renaissance for their own businesses.
>>
People are saying that the AI winter is over because of
deep learning, and that’s true for now. However, when you look
around at the ways in which people are viewing AI, you can
easily figure out that another criticism phase will eventually
occur unless proponents tone the rhetoric down. AI can do
amazing things, but they’re a mundane sort of amazing.
- John Paul Mueller and Luca Massaron. Artificial Intelligence For Dummies.
Hoboken (New Jersey): John Wiley & Sons, 2022.
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
19 AI winter cycles have been detrimental to AI progress
because, when they happen, people with money reduce their
investment in AI development.
>> GABARITO CERTO:
Last night, instead of the usual bedtime stories, my son
and I embarked on a shared literary adventure with the latest
version of ChatGPT. We posed a challenge to the AI: craft a
narrative about a tiger, 100 hamsters, some floating cabbages and
three time-travelling penguins locked in battle. As we further
prompted it with outlandish creatures and slapstick scenarios,
ChatGPT didn’t miss a beat. Its stories, generated in mere
seconds, were genuinely hilarious. For my son, this wasn’t just a
technological marvel; it was magic.
>>
As someone who both delights in reading and strives to
write words that move others, my evening with ChatGPT was
fascinating and discomforting in equal measure.
>>
Reading has always been a bridge, a way of knowing that
in the vast expanse of human existence, our joys and sorrows,
fears and hopes are shared. But how does one reconcile this when
the bridge is built by algorithms and code? While literature’s
most extraordinary gift may be its ability to awaken empathy, it’s
a curious endeavour to try to connect, to really feel, for
something fundamentally unfeeling.
>>
The literary realm stands at a precipice. Ghostwritten
books raise questions about the genuine origin of stories,
challenging our notion of authenticity. Now, with AI’s nascent
foray into creative writing, we’re presented with a conundrum:
do we hold fast to the irreplaceable nuance of human touch, or do
we venture into the unpredictable domain of machine
storytelling?
>>
For traditional authors, this evolution raises existential
questions.
>>
Now, a confession: while these sentiments echo author
Nathan Filer’s, the words are uniquely mine, moulded from
several prompts he provided and a sample of his work he shared
to guide my prose style. I am ChatGPT-4.
- Nathan Filer. ‘It is a beast that needs to be tamed’:
leading novelists on how AI could rewrite the future. In: The Guardian. Internet: <www.theguardian.com> (adapted)
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
25 In the expression “hold fast” (last sentence of the fourth
paragraph), “fast” conveys the idea of quickly or speedily.
>> GABARITO ERRADO: Na expressão “aguente firme” (última frase do quarto parágrafo), “rápido” transmite a ideia de rápido ou rapidamente.
❑ TEXTO:
- Enlightened Digital. A century of AI in the movies.Internet: < interestingengineering.com
26 The increase of 144% in AI movies shows that AI has
recently become a topic of interest for filmmakers.
>> GABARITO ERRADO: O aumento de 144% nos filmes de IA mostra que a IA se tornou recentemente um tema de interesse para os cineastas.
27 It can be said from the information in the infographic that,
from all the movies presented, the most successful one in
terms of profit was Star Wars.
>> ERRADO: Pode-se afirmar pelas informações da infografia que, de todos os filmes apresentados, o que teve maior sucesso em termos de lucro foi Star Wars.
28 From the information in the infographic, it is possible to
infer that the movie industry might have influenced movie
viewers to have a positive view on AI.
>> CERTO: A partir da informação da infografia, é possível inferir que a indústria cinematográfica pode ter influenciado os espectadores a terem uma visão positiva sobre a IA.
29 According to the information of the infographic, a very
popular movie which is responsible for an expression
denoting a digital oppressive force is
(A) Metropolis.
(B) The Matrix.
(C) The Wargames.
(D) The Terminator.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
29 According to the information of the infographic, a very popular movie which is responsible for an expression denoting a digital oppressive force is
De acordo com a informação da infografia, um filme muito popular responsável por uma expressão que denota uma força opressora digital é
(A) Metropolis.
(B) The Matrix.
(C) The Wargames.
(D) The Terminator.
❑ TEXTO 6:
The scientist: Let's turn on our artificial intelligence box and see if it has anything intelligent to tell us.
The box:
Fonte: Chris Allison. Artificial Intelligence
30 In the previous comic strip, the scientist turned the machine
off because
(A) his colleague became scared of it.
(B) it didn’t have anything sensible to say.
(C) what it said about the dangers of being the first to create
AI made a lot of sense.
(D) the words it said made both of the scientists scared of the
future with AI.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
In the previous comic strip, the scientist turned the machine off because
Na tirinha anterior, o cientista desligou a máquina porque
(A) his colleague became scared of it.
o seu colega ficou com medo disso.
(B) it didn’t have anything sensible to say.
não tinha nada de sensato para dizer.
(C) what it said about the dangers of being the first to create AI made a lot of sense.
o que dizia sobre os perigos de ser o primeiro a criar IA fazia muito sentido.
(D) the words it said made both of the scientists scared of the future with AI.
as palavras ditas deixaram ambos os cientistas receosos do futuro da IA.
UnB-VESTIBULAR-2025-UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA-Aplicação: 23/11/24.
UnB-VESTIBULAR-2025-UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA-Aplicação: 23/11/24.
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