- Texto (1) – | Energy Transition in a Transnational World | www.cambridge.org |
- Texto (2) – | Examining the fluff that frustrates northern China | https://www.economist.com |
- 10 Multiple Choice Questions | Five-Option Question |
❑ TEXTO 1: Read Text I and answer the five questions that follow it: Energy Transition in a Transnational WorldTransição energética num mundo transnacional
[1º PARÁGRAFO]Within the sphere of environmental law, the climate crisis is
increasingly understood to be an intersectional challenge that
implicates and exacerbates existing systemic challenges and
prevailing pathways of inequality. No âmbito do[Na esfera do] direito ambiental[legislação ambiental], a crise climática é cada vez mais entendida como um desafio interseccional[entrecruzados] que implica e exacerba os desafios sistêmicos existentes e as vias prevalentes de desigualdade.
From this vantage point climate change also creates opportunities for rethinking the role of law in
limiting the destructive impacts of climate change and moving
towards a more sustainable and equitable world in the process. Deste ponto de vista, a mudança climática também cria oportunidades para repensar o papel da lei na limitação dos impactos destrutivos da mudança climática e avançar em direção a um mundo mais sustentável e equitativo no processo.
This view is advanced by the climate justice movement, which is
swelling in influence worldwide. Esta visão é avançada pelo movimento de justiça climática, que está ganhando influência em todo o mundo.
Drawing from the environmental justice movement, the climate justice movement exposes not only
how social and economic inequality has led to and perpetuates
patterns of climate change, but also how climate change deepens
inequality by disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable
members of society. Inspirado no movimento de justiça ambiental, o movimento de justiça climática expõe não apenas como a desigualdade social e econômica levou e perpetua padrões de mudança climática, mas também como a mudança climática aprofunda a desigualdade ao afetar desproporcionalmente os membros mais vulneráveis da sociedade.
Climate justice seeks greater emphasis on this
issue and advocates on the part of those most affected by climate
change. The movement envisions a world which simultaneously
curtails the negative effects of climate change and reshapes
existing social, political, and economic relationships along the way.A justiça climática busca uma maior ênfase nessa questão e defende os mais afetados pelas mudanças climáticas. O movimento prevê um mundo que, simultaneamente, reduza os efeitos negativos das mudanças climáticas e reforme as relações sociais, políticas e econômicas existentes ao longo do caminho.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]Amidst the overlapping crises of modern times, the modern
climate justice movement is reviving dialogue at the intersection of
feminism, environmentalism, social and economic justice, and other
progressive law reform movements, as well as creating the space
and momentum for intersectional ideas to flourish. Em meio às crises sobrepostas[policrise] dos tempos modernos, o movimento moderno de justiça climática está revivendo o diálogo na intersecção do feminismo, ambientalismo, justiça social e econômica e outros movimentos progressistas de reforma legislativa, além de criar o espaço e o impulso para que ideias interseccionais[ideias entrecruzadas sobre diferentes marcadores sociais (como raça, gênero, classe, orientação sexual, etc.)] floresçam.
For lawyers and
legal scholars, the opportunity is to see climate change and
environmental degradation within its broader social context and to
seize upon the rule of law as a powerful tool for change. Para os advogados e juristas, a oportunidade é ver as mudanças climáticas e a degradação ambiental em seu contexto social mais amplo e aproveitar o estado de direito como uma poderosa ferramenta para a mudança.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]Nowhere are these intersecting challenges as acute as in the
context of energy. Em nenhum lugar esses desafios entrecruzados são tão agudos quanto no contexto da energia.
One of the principal aims of the climate justice
movement is to achieve a just and equitable transition from an
extractive economy to a regenerative economy. Um dos principais objetivos do movimento pela justiça climática é alcançar uma transição justa e equitativa de uma economia extrativa para uma regenerativa.
This requires
transitioning from fossil fuel-dependent to low and zero-carbon
economies.Isso requer a transição de economias dependentes de combustíveis fósseis para economias com baixo e zero carbono.
No entanto, os caminhos para a reforma dos sistemas energéticos em todo o mundo permanecem indeterminados.
Energy systems are
evolving in response to a combination of law and policy changes,
developments in energy technologies, and market forces. Os sistemas de energia estão evoluindo em resposta a uma combinação de mudanças em leis e políticas, desenvolvimentos em tecnologias de energia e forças de mercado.
Moreover, given both the entrenched nature of fossil fuel
economies and the varied social, political, economic, and
environmental factors that shape energy transition, pathways to
decarbonization are bound to be beset with complex trade-offs,
such as those between energy security and environmental
objectives, or between energy choice and economies of scale. Além disso, dada a natureza arraigada das economias de combustíveis fósseis e os variados fatores sociais, políticos, econômicos e ambientais que moldam a transição energética, as vias para a descarbonização estão fadadas a ser atormentadas com o comércio complexos, tais como entre a segurança energética e os objetivos ambientais, ou entre as opções energéticas e as economias de escala.
The
precise contours of these systemic changes vary from country to
country, and remain under-explored both within their national
contexts and from a broader transnational perspective. Os contornos precisos dessas mudanças sistêmicas variam de país para país, e permanecem pouco explorados tanto dentro de seus contextos nacionais quanto a partir de uma perspectiva transnacional mais ampla.
This
knowledge gap is critical. Esta lacuna de conhecimento é crítica.
Understanding how, why, and to what
end states are restructuring their energy economies is essential for
transitioning to more environmentally sustainable and just
societies worldwide. Compreender como, porquê e para que fim os estados estão reestruturando suas economias de energia é essencial para a transição para sociedades mais ambientalmente sustentáveis e justas em todo o mundo.
In short, this is an area in need of
experimentation and iterative learning. Em suma, esta é uma área que necessita de experimentação e aprendizagem iterativa.
It is a subject ripe for
greater scholarly focus, particularly at the transnational level,
where improved learning and sharing is indispensable for
achieving the global-level shifts needed to address climate change.É um tema pronto[maduro] para maior foco acadêmico, particularmente no nível transnacional, onde o aprendizado e a partilha melhorados são indispensáveis para alcançar as mudanças globais necessárias para lidar com as mudanças climáticas. - Adapted from: Etty, Thijs et al. “Energy Transition in a Transnational World.”
Transnational Environmental Law 10.2 (2021): 197–204. Available at
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/transnational-environmentallaw/article/energy-transition-in-a-transnationalworld
11
Analyse the statements below based on the text.I. Climate justice supports the view that populations in
disadvantage are impervious to the effects of climate change. II. Efforts to link up with different movements are being
expended by modern climate justice. III. A keen understanding of how to revamp energy systems on a
global scale has been achieved. Choose the correct answer: (A) Only I is correct. (B) Only II is correct. (C) Only III is correct. (D) Both I and II are correct. (E) Both II and III are correct. • Gabarito B Choose the correct answer: (A) Only I is correct. (B) Only II is correct. (C) Only III is correct. (D) Both I and II are correct. (E) Both II and III are correct.
12
According to the text, the influence of climate justice movement
at present is (A) ebbing. (B) waning. (C) stalling. (D) mounting. (E) dwindling. • Gabarito D According to the text, the influence of climate justice movement at present is (A) ebbing. (B) waning. (C) stalling. (D) mounting. (E) dwindling.
13
The verb in “curtails the negative effects” (1st paragraph)
means to (A) cut back. (B) carry out. (C) bring about. (D) put up with. (E) look down on.• Gabarito B The verb in “curtails the negative effects” (1st paragraph) means to (A) cut back. (B) carry out. (C) bring about. (D) put up with. (E) look down on.
14
When the authors mention “both the entrenched nature of fossil
fuel economies and the varied social, political, economic, and
environmental factors” (3rd paragraph), they imply the exchanges
aiming at decarbonization may be (A) straightforward. (B) undemanding. (C) clearcut. (D) smooth. (E) knotty. • Gabarito E When the authors mention “both the entrenched nature of fossil fuel economies and the varied social, political, economic, and environmental factors” (3rd paragraph), they imply the exchanges aiming at decarbonization may be (A) straightforward. (B) undemanding. (C) clearcut. (D) smooth. (E) knotty.
15
The text concludes by stating that studies in the area are (A) timely. (B) flawless. (C) exhaustive. (D) dispensable. (E) overwhelming. • Gabarito A The text concludes by stating that studies in the area are (A) timely. (B) flawless. (C) exhaustive. (D) dispensable. (E) overwhelming.
❑ TEXTO 2: Read Text II and answer the five questions that follow it:Examining the fluff that frustrates northern China
Like most blizzards, it begins with just a few white wisps swirling
about. Gradually the volume increases and the stuff starts to
accumulate on the ground. During the heaviest downfalls the air is
so thick with it as to impair visibility. But this is no winter scene. It is
what happens every April across much of northern China, when
poplar trees start giving off their cotton-like seed-pods.
The phenomenon has already begun in Beijing. On April 8th an
eddy of fluff balls wafted around the American treasury secretary,
Janet Yellen, as she held a press conference in an embassy garden.
To call this a nuisance is an understatement. In many people
the fluff triggers allergies, asthma and other respiratory problems.
Experts say the white balls—produced by the trees’ catkins—are
not themselves allergenic, but that they distribute irritating pollen.
They also clog rain gutters, drain pipes and car radiators. Worse,
they pose a fire hazard. Officials have warned that the fuzz balls have
a low ignition point and called for extreme caution on the part of
smokers, welders or anyone inclined to burn them “out of curiosity”.
China’s catkin problem is the unintended consequence of an
old effort to improve the environment. Intensive tree planting
began in the 1950s with the aim of ending the scourge of
sandstorms caused by winds sweeping out of barren areas. The
trees were also meant to firm up the soil and slow desertification.
Poplar trees, along with willows, were selected because they are
cheap, fast-growing and drought-resistant.
In some ways the plan worked. Today sandstorms are less
severe and the threat of desertification has faded. But the annual
onslaught from catkins is another legacy. Female trees are the
cotton-ball culprits. There are millions of them (poplar and willow)
in Beijing alone.
Authorities have sought to mitigate the mess. The simplest way
is to spray water on the trees, turning the fluffy flyers into damp
squibs. More advanced solutions involve “birth control”, or injecting
female trees with chemicals that suppress catkin production.
Another option is “gender-reassignment surgery”, in which branches
on female trees are cut and replaced with male grafts.
But experts say that these efforts will take time. The good
news is that the flurries of poplar fluff will only last for a few more
weeks. The bad news is that wafts of willow fluff will then begin. 16
Based on the text, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE
(F). ( ) Willows and poplar trees are unsuitable to withstand extended
dry periods. ( ) All possible outcomes of the 1950s environmental plans were
widely predicted. ( ) Biological interventions are among the measures being
considered to control the catkin problem.
The statements are, respectively, (A) T – F – T. (B) F – T – T. (C) F – F – T. (D) F – T – F. (E) T – T – F. • Gabarito C Based on the text, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). ( ) Willows and poplar trees are unsuitable to withstand extended dry periods. ( ) All possible outcomes of the 1950s environmental plans were widely predicted. ( ) Biological interventions are among the measures being considered to control the catkin problem. The statements are, respectively, (A) T – F – T. (B) F – T – T. (C) F – F – T. (D) F – T – F. (E) T – T – F.
17
In the last paragraph, the author observes the phenomenon is (A) random. (B) amusing. (C) enviable. (D) forfeited. (E) ceaseless. • Gabarito E In the last paragraph, the author observes the phenomenon is (A) random. (B) amusing. (C) enviable. (D) forfeited. (E) ceaseless.
18
In “a few white wisps swirling about” (1st paragraph) the verb
indicates a movement that is (A) anticipated. (B) staggering. (C) circular. (D) sharp. (E) jerky. • Gabarito C In “a few white wisps swirling about” (1st paragraph) the verb indicates a movement that is (A) anticipated. (B) staggering. (C) circular. (D) sharp. (E) jerky.
19
“To call this a nuisance is an understatement” (3rd paragraph)
means that the problem is seen by the author as a (A) petty episode. (B) sizable hassle. (C) minor mishap. (D) pointless event. (E) fleeting incident. • Gabarito B “To call this a nuisance is an understatement” (3rd paragraph) means that the problem is seen by the author as a (A) petty episode. (B) sizable hassle. (C) minor mishap. (D) pointless event. (E) fleeting incident.
20
The phrase “the scourge of sandstorms” (5th paragraph) leads to
the understanding that sandstorms are a(n) (A) revenge. (B) relief. (C) boon. (D) bane. (E) gift.• Gabarito D The phrase “the scourge of sandstorms” (5th paragraph) leads to the understanding that sandstorms are a(n) (A) revenge. (B) relief. (C) boon. (D) bane. (E) gift.
- Texto (1) – | Energy Transition in a Transnational World | www.cambridge.org |
- Texto (2) – | Examining the fluff that frustrates northern China | https://www.economist.com |
- 10 Multiple Choice Questions | Five-Option Question |
❑ TEXTO 1: Read Text I and answer the five questions that follow it:
Energy Transition in a Transnational World
Transição energética num mundo transnacional
[1º PARÁGRAFO]
Within the sphere of environmental law, the climate crisis is
increasingly understood to be an intersectional challenge that
implicates and exacerbates existing systemic challenges and
prevailing pathways of inequality.
No âmbito do[Na esfera do] direito ambiental[legislação ambiental], a crise climática é cada vez mais entendida como um desafio interseccional[entrecruzados] que implica e exacerba os desafios sistêmicos existentes e as vias prevalentes de desigualdade.
From this vantage point climate change also creates opportunities for rethinking the role of law in
limiting the destructive impacts of climate change and moving
towards a more sustainable and equitable world in the process.
Deste ponto de vista, a mudança climática também cria oportunidades para repensar o papel da lei na limitação dos impactos destrutivos da mudança climática e avançar em direção a um mundo mais sustentável e equitativo no processo.
This view is advanced by the climate justice movement, which is
swelling in influence worldwide.
Esta visão é avançada pelo movimento de justiça climática, que está ganhando influência em todo o mundo.
Drawing from the environmental justice movement, the climate justice movement exposes not only
how social and economic inequality has led to and perpetuates
patterns of climate change, but also how climate change deepens
inequality by disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable
members of society.
Inspirado no movimento de justiça ambiental, o movimento de justiça climática expõe não apenas como a desigualdade social e econômica levou e perpetua padrões de mudança climática, mas também como a mudança climática aprofunda a desigualdade ao afetar desproporcionalmente os membros mais vulneráveis da sociedade.
Climate justice seeks greater emphasis on this
issue and advocates on the part of those most affected by climate
change. The movement envisions a world which simultaneously
curtails the negative effects of climate change and reshapes
existing social, political, and economic relationships along the way.
A justiça climática busca uma maior ênfase nessa questão e defende os mais afetados pelas mudanças climáticas. O movimento prevê um mundo que, simultaneamente, reduza os efeitos negativos das mudanças climáticas e reforme as relações sociais, políticas e econômicas existentes ao longo do caminho.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
Amidst the overlapping crises of modern times, the modern
climate justice movement is reviving dialogue at the intersection of
feminism, environmentalism, social and economic justice, and other
progressive law reform movements, as well as creating the space
and momentum for intersectional ideas to flourish.
Em meio às crises sobrepostas[policrise] dos tempos modernos, o movimento moderno de justiça climática está revivendo o diálogo na intersecção do feminismo, ambientalismo, justiça social e econômica e outros movimentos progressistas de reforma legislativa, além de criar o espaço e o impulso para que ideias interseccionais[ideias entrecruzadas sobre diferentes marcadores sociais (como raça, gênero, classe, orientação sexual, etc.)] floresçam.
For lawyers and
legal scholars, the opportunity is to see climate change and
environmental degradation within its broader social context and to
seize upon the rule of law as a powerful tool for change.
Para os advogados e juristas, a oportunidade é ver as mudanças climáticas e a degradação ambiental em seu contexto social mais amplo e aproveitar o estado de direito como uma poderosa ferramenta para a mudança.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
Nowhere are these intersecting challenges as acute as in the
context of energy.
Em nenhum lugar esses desafios entrecruzados são tão agudos quanto no contexto da energia.
One of the principal aims of the climate justice
movement is to achieve a just and equitable transition from an
extractive economy to a regenerative economy.
Um dos principais objetivos do movimento pela justiça climática é alcançar uma transição justa e equitativa de uma economia extrativa para uma regenerativa.
This requires
transitioning from fossil fuel-dependent to low and zero-carbon
economies.
Isso requer a transição de economias dependentes de combustíveis fósseis para economias com baixo e zero carbono.
No entanto, os caminhos para a reforma dos sistemas energéticos em todo o mundo permanecem indeterminados.
Energy systems are
evolving in response to a combination of law and policy changes,
developments in energy technologies, and market forces.
Os sistemas de energia estão evoluindo em resposta a uma combinação de mudanças em leis e políticas, desenvolvimentos em tecnologias de energia e forças de mercado.
Moreover, given both the entrenched nature of fossil fuel
economies and the varied social, political, economic, and
environmental factors that shape energy transition, pathways to
decarbonization are bound to be beset with complex trade-offs,
such as those between energy security and environmental
objectives, or between energy choice and economies of scale.
Além disso, dada a natureza arraigada das economias de combustíveis fósseis e os variados fatores sociais, políticos, econômicos e ambientais que moldam a transição energética, as vias para a descarbonização estão fadadas a ser atormentadas com o comércio complexos, tais como entre a segurança energética e os objetivos ambientais, ou entre as opções energéticas e as economias de escala.
The
precise contours of these systemic changes vary from country to
country, and remain under-explored both within their national
contexts and from a broader transnational perspective.
Os contornos precisos dessas mudanças sistêmicas variam de país para país, e permanecem pouco explorados tanto dentro de seus contextos nacionais quanto a partir de uma perspectiva transnacional mais ampla.
This
knowledge gap is critical.
Esta lacuna de conhecimento é crítica.
Understanding how, why, and to what
end states are restructuring their energy economies is essential for
transitioning to more environmentally sustainable and just
societies worldwide.
Compreender como, porquê e para que fim os estados estão reestruturando suas economias de energia é essencial para a transição para sociedades mais ambientalmente sustentáveis e justas em todo o mundo.
In short, this is an area in need of
experimentation and iterative learning.
Em suma, esta é uma área que necessita de experimentação e aprendizagem iterativa.
It is a subject ripe for
greater scholarly focus, particularly at the transnational level,
where improved learning and sharing is indispensable for
achieving the global-level shifts needed to address climate change.
É um tema pronto[maduro] para maior foco acadêmico, particularmente no nível transnacional, onde o aprendizado e a partilha melhorados são indispensáveis para alcançar as mudanças globais necessárias para lidar com as mudanças climáticas.
- Adapted from: Etty, Thijs et al. “Energy Transition in a Transnational World.” Transnational Environmental Law 10.2 (2021): 197–204. Available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/transnational-environmentallaw/article/energy-transition-in-a-transnationalworld
11
Analyse the statements below based on the text.
I. Climate justice supports the view that populations in
disadvantage are impervious to the effects of climate change.
II. Efforts to link up with different movements are being
expended by modern climate justice.
III. A keen understanding of how to revamp energy systems on a
global scale has been achieved.
Choose the correct answer:
(A) Only I is correct.
(B) Only II is correct.
(C) Only III is correct.
(D) Both I and II are correct.
(E) Both II and III are correct.
• Gabarito B
Choose the correct answer:
(A) Only I is correct.
(B) Only II is correct.
(C) Only III is correct.
(D) Both I and II are correct.
(E) Both II and III are correct.
12
According to the text, the influence of climate justice movement
at present is
(A) ebbing.
(B) waning.
(C) stalling.
(D) mounting.
(E) dwindling.
• Gabarito D
According to the text, the influence of climate justice movement at present is
(A) ebbing.
(B) waning.
(C) stalling.
(D) mounting.
(E) dwindling.
13
The verb in “curtails the negative effects” (1st paragraph)
means to
(A) cut back.
(B) carry out.
(C) bring about.
(D) put up with.
(E) look down on.
• Gabarito B
The verb in “curtails the negative effects” (1st paragraph) means to
(A) cut back.
(B) carry out.
(C) bring about.
(D) put up with.
(E) look down on.
14
When the authors mention “both the entrenched nature of fossil
fuel economies and the varied social, political, economic, and
environmental factors” (3rd paragraph), they imply the exchanges
aiming at decarbonization may be
(A) straightforward.
(B) undemanding.
(C) clearcut.
(D) smooth.
(E) knotty.
• Gabarito E
When the authors mention “both the entrenched nature of fossil fuel economies and the varied social, political, economic, and environmental factors” (3rd paragraph), they imply the exchanges aiming at decarbonization may be
(A) straightforward.
(B) undemanding.
(C) clearcut.
(D) smooth.
(E) knotty.
15
The text concludes by stating that studies in the area are
(A) timely.
(B) flawless.
(C) exhaustive.
(D) dispensable.
(E) overwhelming.
• Gabarito A
The text concludes by stating that studies in the area are
(A) timely.
(B) flawless.
(C) exhaustive.
(D) dispensable.
(E) overwhelming.
❑ TEXTO 2: Read Text II and answer the five questions that follow it:
Examining the fluff that frustrates northern China
Like most blizzards, it begins with just a few white wisps swirling
about. Gradually the volume increases and the stuff starts to
accumulate on the ground. During the heaviest downfalls the air is
so thick with it as to impair visibility. But this is no winter scene. It is
what happens every April across much of northern China, when
poplar trees start giving off their cotton-like seed-pods.
The phenomenon has already begun in Beijing. On April 8th an
eddy of fluff balls wafted around the American treasury secretary,
Janet Yellen, as she held a press conference in an embassy garden.
To call this a nuisance is an understatement. In many people
the fluff triggers allergies, asthma and other respiratory problems.
Experts say the white balls—produced by the trees’ catkins—are
not themselves allergenic, but that they distribute irritating pollen.
They also clog rain gutters, drain pipes and car radiators. Worse,
they pose a fire hazard. Officials have warned that the fuzz balls have
a low ignition point and called for extreme caution on the part of
smokers, welders or anyone inclined to burn them “out of curiosity”.
China’s catkin problem is the unintended consequence of an
old effort to improve the environment. Intensive tree planting
began in the 1950s with the aim of ending the scourge of
sandstorms caused by winds sweeping out of barren areas. The
trees were also meant to firm up the soil and slow desertification.
Poplar trees, along with willows, were selected because they are
cheap, fast-growing and drought-resistant.
In some ways the plan worked. Today sandstorms are less
severe and the threat of desertification has faded. But the annual
onslaught from catkins is another legacy. Female trees are the
cotton-ball culprits. There are millions of them (poplar and willow)
in Beijing alone.
Authorities have sought to mitigate the mess. The simplest way
is to spray water on the trees, turning the fluffy flyers into damp
squibs. More advanced solutions involve “birth control”, or injecting
female trees with chemicals that suppress catkin production.
Another option is “gender-reassignment surgery”, in which branches
on female trees are cut and replaced with male grafts.
But experts say that these efforts will take time. The good
news is that the flurries of poplar fluff will only last for a few more
weeks. The bad news is that wafts of willow fluff will then begin.
16
Based on the text, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE
(F).
( ) Willows and poplar trees are unsuitable to withstand extended
dry periods.
( ) All possible outcomes of the 1950s environmental plans were
widely predicted.
( ) Biological interventions are among the measures being
considered to control the catkin problem.
The statements are, respectively,
(A) T – F – T.
(B) F – T – T.
(C) F – F – T.
(D) F – T – F.
(E) T – T – F.
• Gabarito C
Based on the text, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
( ) Willows and poplar trees are unsuitable to withstand extended dry periods.
( ) All possible outcomes of the 1950s environmental plans were widely predicted.
( ) Biological interventions are among the measures being considered to control the catkin problem. The statements are, respectively,
(A) T – F – T.
(B) F – T – T.
(C) F – F – T.
(D) F – T – F.
(E) T – T – F.
17
In the last paragraph, the author observes the phenomenon is
(A) random.
(B) amusing.
(C) enviable.
(D) forfeited.
(E) ceaseless.
• Gabarito E
In the last paragraph, the author observes the phenomenon is
(A) random.
(B) amusing.
(C) enviable.
(D) forfeited.
(E) ceaseless.
18
In “a few white wisps swirling about” (1st paragraph) the verb
indicates a movement that is
(A) anticipated.
(B) staggering.
(C) circular.
(D) sharp.
(E) jerky.
• Gabarito C
In “a few white wisps swirling about” (1st paragraph) the verb indicates a movement that is
(A) anticipated.
(B) staggering.
(C) circular.
(D) sharp.
(E) jerky.
19
“To call this a nuisance is an understatement” (3rd paragraph)
means that the problem is seen by the author as a
(A) petty episode.
(B) sizable hassle.
(C) minor mishap.
(D) pointless event.
(E) fleeting incident.
• Gabarito B
“To call this a nuisance is an understatement” (3rd paragraph) means that the problem is seen by the author as a
(A) petty episode.
(B) sizable hassle.
(C) minor mishap.
(D) pointless event.
(E) fleeting incident.
20
The phrase “the scourge of sandstorms” (5th paragraph) leads to
the understanding that sandstorms are a(n)
(A) revenge.
(B) relief.
(C) boon.
(D) bane.
(E) gift.
• Gabarito D
The phrase “the scourge of sandstorms” (5th paragraph) leads to the understanding that sandstorms are a(n)
(A) revenge.
(B) relief.
(C) boon.
(D) bane.
(E) gift.
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