📌ESTILO – 8 Multiple Choice Questions | Four-Option Question |
41 – As researchers fight to stop the spread of a novel coronavirus that originated in a seafood market in the
central Chinese city of Wuhan, they are facing a counter-intuitive problem: the symptoms can sometimes be so
mild in patients that the virus is very difficult to detect.
The coronavirus initially came to authorities’ attention in
December after patients began exhibiting symptoms of viral pneumonia, including fever, cough and shortness
of breath.
But researchers, including those at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), have
noted that some of those with the Wuhan coronavirus have shown “little to no symptoms.”
A study published in
the medical journal the Lancet on Jan. 24 reported that a 10-year-old who was infected with the virus had no
symptoms at all.
“We have seen patients, especially children, who have pneumonia, but have no symptoms, no fever or
cough, which means that it’s not easy to recognize these cases of novel coronavirus infection, which makes the
control of this outbreak more difficult,” says Yuen Kwok-yung, a microbiologist at the University of Hong Kong,
and one of the authors of the Lancet study.
Amy Gunia
According to the text, one of the challenges presented by this new coronavirus is the fact that
A) there is no possible cure or vaccine in the near future.
B) some people do not show the characteristic symptoms.
C) the medical staff is not prepared to fight the disease.
D) it is spreading faster than expected by the authorities.
💡 GABARITO 🄱
According to the text, one of the challenges presented by this new coronavirus is the fact that
De acordo com o texto, um dos desafios apresentados por este novo coronavírus é o fato de
A) ❌there is no possible cure or vaccine in the near future.
não existe cura ou vacina possível num futuro próximo.
Errado. O texto não fala sobre cura ou vacina.
B) ✅some people do not show the characteristic symptoms.
algumas pessoas não apresentam os sintomas característicos.
Correto. Texto menciona várias vezes que alguns pacientes, inclusive crianças, não apresentam sintomas típicos.
C) ❌the medical staff is not prepared to fight the disease.
a equipa médica não está preparada para combater a doença.
Errado. Não há menção à preparação do pessoal médico.
D) ❌it is spreading faster than expected by the authorities.
ela está a espalhar-se mais rapidamente do que o esperado pelas autoridades.
Errado. Não há informações sobre velocidade de disseminação comparada às expectativas.
42 – Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or
veins in the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit.
There are three main types: neurogenic, venous,
and arterial.
The neurogenic type is the most common and presents with pain, weakness, and occasionally loss
of muscle at the base of the thumb.
The venous type results in swelling, pain, and possibly a bluish coloration
of the arm. The arterial type results in pain, coldness, and paleness of the arm.
TOS may result from trauma, repetitive arm movements, tumors, pregnancy, or anatomical variations such
as a cervical rib.
Initial treatment for the neurogenic type is with exercises to strengthen the chest muscles and
improve posture.
NSAIDs such as naproxen may be used for pain. Surgery is typically done for the arterial and
venous types and for the neurogenic type if it does not improve with other treatments.
Blood thinners may be
used to treat or prevent blood clots.
The condition affects about 1% of the population.
It is more common in
women than men and it occurs most commonly between 20 and 50 years of age.
Com base no texto, afirma-se que
I. a síndrome descrita pode ser provocada por compressão venal.
II. grávidas não apresentam casos do “Thoracic Outlet Syndrome”.
III. há tratamentos menos invasivos, além de procedimentos cirúrgicos.
IV. TOS ocorre principalmente em homens mais velhos, com saúde frágil.
V. TOS pode ocasionar dores, inchaço e, até mesmo, perda muscular.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.
A) Apenas I e III.
B) Apenas II e IV.
C) Apenas IV e V.
D) Apenas II e III.
💡 GABARITO 🄰
Com base no texto, afirma-se que
I. ✅a síndrome descrita pode ser provocada por compressão venal.
II. ❌grávidas não apresentam casos do “Thoracic Outlet Syndrome”.
III. ✅há tratamentos menos invasivos, além de procedimentos cirúrgicos.
IV. ❌TOS ocorre principalmente em homens mais velhos, com saúde frágil.
V. ❌TOS pode ocasionar dores, inchaço e, até mesmo, perda muscular.
43 – Scientists have developed what they call living concrete by using sand, gel and bacteria. Researchers said
this building material has structural load-bearing function, is capable of self-healing and is more environmentally
friendly than concrete – which is the second most-consumed material on Earth after water. The team from the
University of Colorado Boulder believe their work paves the way for future building structures that could “heal
their own cracks, suck up dangerous toxins from the air or even glow on command”.
🔗Disponível em:<
https://www.sciencefocus.com>
. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2020. Based on the text, we can state that
A) the technology described is being produced in large scale.
B) the new concrete will probably not be environmentally safe.
C) a new type of concrete could be able to regenerate itself.
D) the bacteria used in the hydrogel used may cause diseases.
💡 GABARITO 🄲
Based on the text, we can state that
Com base no texto, podemos afirmar que
A) ❌the technology described is being produced in large scale.
a tecnologia descrita está a ser produzida em larga escala.
B) ❌the new concrete will probably not be environmentally safe.
“O novo concreto provavelmente não será ambientalmente seguro.”
C) ✅a new type of concrete could be able to regenerate itself.
Um novo tipo de concreto poderia ser capaz de se regenerar.
D) ❌the bacteria used in the hydrogel used may cause diseases.
As bactérias usadas no hidrogel podem causar doenças.
44 – Inequality between men and women results in poorer health for children and greater poverty for the
family, (1) ________________ to a new study.
The UN agency Unicef found that in places where women are
(2) __________ from family decisions, children are more likely to suffer from malnutrition. There would be 13
million (3) __________ malnourished children in South Asia if women had an equal say in the family, Unicef
said.
Unicef surveyed family decision-making in 30 countries around the world.
Their chief finding is that equality
between men and women is vital to (4) __________ poverty and improving health, especially that of children, in
developing countries.
🔗Disponível em:<https://www.usingenglish.com.> Acesso em: 02 fev. 2020.
Choose the alternative with the words which best complete the text above. A) (1) according, (2) excluded, (3) fewer, (4) reducing
B) (1) resulting, (2) exclude, (3) more, (4) increase
C) (1) regarding, (2) exclusion, (3) few, (4) reduce
D) (1) with regard, (2) excludes, (3) least, (4) increasing
💡 GABARITO 🄰
45 – On Tuesday, Merriam-Webster selected its word of the year, not some viral neologism like post-truth or
selfie but a word that has been around since the Middle Ages: the pronoun they.
(Na terça-feira, a Merriam-Webster selecionou sua palavra do ano, não algum neologismo viral como ‘pós-verdade’ ou ‘selfie’, mas uma palavra que existe desde a Idade Média: o pronome ‘they’.)
📍Expressões importantes:
🔹"On Tuesday" → "Na terça-feira. Indica o dia da ação.
🔹"word of the year" → palavra do ano. Palavra escolhida como destaque do ano.
🔹"not some viral neologism like" → não algum neologismo viral como.
🔹"has been around since the Middle Ages" → existe desde a Idade Média. Enfatiza longevidade.
Pronouns are tools that people typically use with all the thought one gives to using doorknobs.
(Pronomes são ferramentas que as pessoas normalmente usam com toda a atenção que alguém dedica ao usar maçanetas.)
📍Expressões importantes:
🔹"Pronouns" → Pronomes; palavras que substituem nomes (he, she, they, etc.).
🔹"are tools" → “são ferramentas”; metáfora que compara pronomes a instrumentos que usamos no cotidiano.
🔹"that people typically use" → “que as pessoas normalmente usam”; relativa explicativa, descrevendo como os pronomes são usados na prática.
🔹"with all the thought" → “com toda a atenção / reflexão”; expressão que indica a quantidade de cuidado ou reflexão que se dedica a algo.
🔹"one gives to using doorknobs" → “que alguém dedica ao usar maçanetas”; estrutura impessoal 🔹"one gives to” = “alguém dedica a”; comparação irônica mostrando que usamos pronomes quase automaticamente, assim como uma maçaneta.
💡 Observações de estilo e estrutura:
A frase é comparativa e irônica: pronomes são importantes, mas usamos quase sem pensar, como maçanetas.
Estrutura de relative clause: that people typically use = cláusula que modifica tools.
Estrutura idiomática: all the thought one gives to… = forma elegante de dizer “o quanto alguém pensa sobre algo”. original. Isso ajuda muito em traduções literárias ou acadêmicas.
💡 O trecho enfatiza que, na maioria das situações, as pessoas usam pronomes quase automaticamente, sem refletir profundamente sobre eles, assim como usar uma maçaneta é uma ação prática e automática do dia a dia. É uma forma de humor sutil ou ironia do autor.
Students
are taught in early language lessons that every sentence needs a subject and are given a short list of usual
suspects: words like he, she, you and they.
(Os alunos aprendem nas primeiras aulas de língua que toda frase precisa de um sujeito e recebem uma pequena lista dos suspeitos de sempre: palavras como he, she, you e they.)
🔹"Students are taught" → “Os alunos aprendem / são ensinados”; voz passiva, comum em textos educativos.
🔹"in early language lessons" → “nas primeiras aulas de língua”; indica o momento do aprendizado.
🔹"that every sentence needs a subject" → “que toda frase precisa de um sujeito”; cláusula subordinada substantiva (objeto da frase passiva are taught).
🔹"and are given a short list" → “e recebem uma pequena lista”; segunda ação na voz passiva ligada ao sujeito students.
🔹"of usual suspects" → “dos suspeitos de sempre”; expressão idiomática que aqui é usada de forma humorística para se referir aos pronomes mais comuns.
🔹"words like he, she, you and they" → “palavras como he, she, you e they”; exemplifica os “suspeitos de sempre”, reforçando a lista.
💡 Observações de estilo e estrutura:
🔹A frase usa voz passiva: are taught, are given.
🔹“Usual suspects” é uma expressão idiomática que, literalmente, significa “suspeitos habituais”, mas aqui é usada de forma divertida para falar de pronomes comuns.
The latter, they are told, is used to refer to more than one person.
(Este último, dizem-lhes, é usado para se referir a mais de uma pessoa.)
🔹"The latter" → “Este último”; refere-se ao último item mencionado na frase anterior (no contexto, o pronome they).
🔹"they are told" → "dizem-lhes”; voz passiva impessoal, indica que alguém ensina ou informa os alunos, sem especificar quem.
🔹"is used to" → “é usado para”; estrutura passiva que indica a função ou finalidade de algo.
🔹"refer to" → “referir-se a”; verbo frasal comum em inglês.
🔹"more than one person" → “mais de uma pessoa”; especifica o uso do pronome.
Yet that’s not always the case.
(No entanto, isso nem sempre é o caso.)
Yet → No entanto / Entretanto (indica contraste com a frase anterior).
that’s → isso é (contração de that is).
not always → nem sempre (negação de frequência).
the case → o caso (expressão idiomática: “é o caso” = “acontece assim / acontece dessa forma”).
Merriam-Webster chose the singular form, one that has been gaining currency
and causing controversy.
There are two reasons that singular they is on the upswing.
(Existem duas razões pelas quais o "they" singular está em alta.)
There are → Existem (indica a presença de algo).
two reasons → duas razões.
that → pelas quais (conecta a razão com o que vem depois).
singular they → o they singular (mantém o termo em inglês, pois é um conceito linguístico).
is on the upswing → está em alta / está se tornando mais comum / está ganhando popularidade.
One is that it’s a convenient way to refer to an
unknown person in a gender-neutral way, versus using cumbersome constructions like “he or she.”
(Uma delas é que é uma forma prática de se referir a uma pessoa desconhecida de maneira neutra em termos de gênero, em vez de usar construções complicadas como ‘ele ou ela’.)
In recent
years, it has been far easier to find this generic they in mass media because using it makes life easier for readers
and writers alike.
(Nos últimos anos, tem sido muito mais fácil encontrar esse they genérico na mídia de massa, porque usá-lo facilita a vida tanto de leitores quanto de escritores.)
Com base no texto acima, é INCORRETO afirmar que
A) “they” foi considerada a palavra do ano por um dicionário de inglês.
B) o uso do pronome “they” se mantém inalterado em inglês.
C) “he” e “she” podem ser substituídos por “they” em certos contextos.
D) “they” é usado como estratégia para neutralizar o gênero em inglês.
💡 GABARITO 🄱
Com base no texto acima, é INCORRETO afirmar que
A) ✅“they” foi considerada a palavra do ano por um dicionário de inglês.
B) ❌o uso do pronome “they” se mantém inalterado em inglês.
C) ✅“he” e “she” podem ser substituídos por “they” em certos contextos.
D) ✅“they” é usado como estratégia para neutralizar o gênero em inglês.
46 –
Taurus April 20 - May 20 (TEXT A)
Sophisticated language can be a veil hiding what you truly mean but are too afraid to say.
But fancy talk can
also be a tool to help folks understand what exactly it is that you mean at a high level.
Which way you choose
to use your stunning vocabulary is up to you, but it would be a shame to waste all your verbal skills by
encouraging miscommunication.
Camouflage is not your object.
Don't be afraid to speak the truth, and don't
cater to the lowest common denominator.
Taurus April 20 - May 20 (TEXT B)
Work could be a bit challenging today and you may even be asked to assume more responsibility on the job.
Be
open to attending a long-term training program to increase your talents and your professional value.
Once you
graduate from this program of study, give yourself a lavish reward that serves as a perpetual reminder of your
achievement.
But don't wait until the end to treat yourself.
Attending to self-care can have an especially
restorative effect now, so make time for a spa treatment or hot bath after hours.
Nothing perks you up like the
prospect of a prize at the end of the day.
Horoscopes in newspapers are very common, although they do not always focus on the same topics.
When reading these two horoscopes, we can infer that
I. both horoscopes were written by the same astrologer.
II. horoscopes in texts A and B cover the same subjects.
III. the horoscope in text A says taureans are good with words.
IV. according to text B a taurean enjoys receiving prizes.
V. both text A and text B show taureans as hard workers.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.
A) Apenas II e III.
B) Apenas I e V.
C) Apenas IV e V.
D) Apenas III e IV.
💡 GABARITO 🄳
Horoscopes in newspapers are very common, although they do not always focus on the same topics.
When reading these two horoscopes, we can infer that
I. both horoscopes were written by the same astrologer.
II. horoscopes in texts A and B cover the same subjects.
III. the horoscope in text A says taureans are good with words.
IV. according to text B a taurean enjoys receiving prizes.
V. both text A and text B show taureans as hard workers.
47 – Our tongues can get fat.
And scientists say losing tongue weight might be an effective way to manage obstructive
sleep apnea, a condition that affects an estimated 22 million Americans.
That’s according to a study published
this week in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine by researchers at the University of
Pennsylvania exploring the surprising relationship between tongue fat and sleep apnea.
The researchers found
that when overweight people with sleep apnea lost pounds, their tongues also got smaller.
And, of all the
changes that occurred as a result of slimming down, a reduction in tongue fat had the biggest impact on
improving sleep apnea.
Until now, it was unclear why weight loss helps manage the sleep condition.
De acordo com o texto, o que pode auxiliar na redução de altos níveis de apneia do sono?
A) Aparelhos respiratórios para dormir.
B) Prática diária de atividades físicas.
C) Diminuição do tamanho da língua.
D) Cientistas ainda desconhecem.
💡 GABARITO 🄲
De acordo com o texto, o que pode auxiliar na redução de altos níveis de apneia do sono?
A) Aparelhos respiratórios para dormir.
B) Prática diária de atividades físicas.
C) Diminuição do tamanho da língua.
D) Cientistas ainda desconhecem.
48 – You can start when children are very young, said Kari Kivinen.
In fact, you should: “Fairytales work well.
Take the wily fox who always cheats the other animals with his sly words.
That’s not a bad metaphor for a certain
kind of politician, is it?”
With democracies around the world threatened by the seemingly unstoppable onslaught
of false information, Finland – recently rated Europe’s most resistant nation to fake news – takes the fight
seriously enough to teach it in primary school.
In secondary schools, such as the state-run college in Helsinki where Kivinen is head teacher, multiplatform information literacy and strong critical thinking have become a core, cross-subject component of a
national curriculum that was introduced in 2016.
In maths lessons, Kivinen’s pupils learn how easy it is to lie with
statistics. In art, they see how an image’s meaning can be manipulated.
In history, they analyse notable
propaganda campaigns, while Finnish language teachers work with them on the many ways in which words can
be used to confuse, mislead and deceive.
“The goal is active, responsible citizens and voters,” Kivinen said.
“Thinking critically, factchecking,
interpreting and evaluating all the information you receive, wherever it appears, is crucial.
We’ve made it a core
part of what we teach, across all subjects.”
Finish education rates among the best in the world.
According to the text, we can state that
I. children are taught early on how to identify fake from real news.
II. politicians in Finland are interested in more responsible voters.
III. democratic states are not threatened by the waves of fake news.
IV. the school curriculum focuses on developing critical thinkers.
V. different disciplines cover topics regarding information literacy.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.
A) Apenas II e V.
B) Apenas III e V.
C) Apenas I e III.
D) Apenas I e IV.
💡 GABARITO 🄳
Finish education rates among the best in the world.
According to the text, we can state that
I. children are taught early on how to identify fake from real news.
II. politicians in Finland are interested in more responsible voters.
III. democratic states are not threatened by the waves of fake news.
IV. the school curriculum focuses on developing critical thinkers.
V. different disciplines cover topics regarding information literacy.
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