Neste post, GEOPOLÍTICA MONETÁRIA — Cada item vem com:
🇬🇧 phrasal verb
🇧🇷 tradução
✏️ exemplo realista nível BIS/IMF
⚠️ pegadinha típica de prova
🔥 20 PHRASAL VERBS — GEOPOLÍTICA MONETÁRIA (SWIFT, sanctions, BIS, de-dollarization, FX reserves)
1) phase out
🇧🇷 eliminar gradualmente
✏️ Several BRICS countries are trying to phase out their reliance on the U.S. dollar for energy payments.
⚠️ Não é “phase off”.
2) peg away at
🇧🇷 trabalhar persistentemente em algo
✏️ China has been pegging away at building alternatives to SWIFT since 2015, including CIPS.
⚠️ “Peg” aqui não tem nada a ver com “currency peg”.
3) roll back
🇧🇷 reverter / reduzir
✏️ The EU aims to roll back dollar dominance in critical commodities by expanding euro-denominated contracts.
⚠️ Não confundir com “rollback” (substantivo).
4) crowd out
🇧🇷 deslocar / expulsar do mercado
✏️ A sudden wave of yuan liquidity could crowd out smaller regional currencies.
⚠️ Prova adora confundir com “crowd in”.
5) shore up
🇧🇷 reforçar / sustentar
✏️ Japan intervened to shore up the yen after a series of rapid depreciations.
⚠️ Não é “share up”.
6) prop up
🇧🇷 amparar artificialmente (moeda/mercado)
✏️ Capital controls were introduced to prop up the domestic currency.
⚠️ Usado muito em contexto de manipulação cambial.
7) chip away at
🇧🇷 corroer aos poucos / minar
✏️ Sanctions have gradually chipped away at the dollar’s dominance in Russia’s trade flows.
⚠️ Prova cobra o sentido “lento e contínuo”.
8) branch out into
🇧🇷 diversificar-se para / expandir para
✏️ Several Gulf states are branching out into yuan-denominated oil contracts.
⚠️ “Into” é obrigatório.
9) hedge against
🇧🇷 proteger-se contra (risco)
✏️ Countries increase gold reserves to hedge against dollar volatility.
⚠️ Prova troca por “protect against” para te derrubar.
10) move away from
🇧🇷 afastar-se / abandonar
✏️ Developing nations are moving away from the dollar in sovereign lending.
⚠️ Simples, mas cai demais.
11) switch over to
🇧🇷 migrar completamente para
✏️ Some Russian banks switched over to MIR after Visa and Mastercard left the market.
⚠️ Requer “to”.
12) scale up
🇧🇷 ampliar / escalar
✏️ India is scaling up the use of its domestic payment rails for cross-border settlement.
⚠️ “Scale down” = diminuir.
13) zero in on
🇧🇷 focar intensamente em
✏️ The G7 is zeroing in on loopholes in sanctions evasion networks.
⚠️ Sempre com “on”.
14) opt out of
🇧🇷 optar por sair / não aderir
✏️ Some countries opted out of supporting new dollar-based export control measures.
⚠️ Requer “of”.
15) break away from
🇧🇷 romper com / desvincular-se
✏️ Argentina is pushing to break away from IMF dollar-linked conditionality.
⚠️ Prova mistura com “break out”.
16) back up
🇧🇷 respaldar / dar suporte (financeiro ou político)
✏️ The UAE backed up its de-dollarization push with major yuan swap lines.
⚠️ Não confundir com “backup” de computador.
17) set off
🇧🇷 desencadear / causar
✏️ The U.S. freezing of Russian reserves set off global debate on dollar weaponization.
⚠️ Tem vários sentidos → aqui é “trigger”.
18) push through
🇧🇷 aprovar/viabilizar (apesar de resistência)
✏️ Brazil pushed through a BRICS FX reserve pool expansion.
⚠️ Não é “push out”.
19) tie up with
🇧🇷 firmar parceria estratégica com
✏️ CIPS tied up with dozens of foreign banks to expand yuan clearing capacity.
⚠️ “Tie up” também significa “amarrar”—prova tenta confundir.
20) wind down
🇧🇷 encerrar gradualmente / descontinuar
✏️ Some central banks are winding down their holdings of U.S. Treasuries.
⚠️ Não é “wind up”, que significa “finalizar/apressar ou irritar alguém”.
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