PHRASAL VERBS — TO LEARN BY HEART, TO ADD UP, TO FIGURE OUT, TO CATCH UP WITH — IFMS/2019 — CONCURSO PÚBLICO - PROFESSOR - LÍNGUA INGLESA.

 Welcome back to another post!

➧ TEXT:

Pete is talking to his English teacher about the strategies he has been using to study at home. He seems to have forgotten the phrasal verbs he was studying and trying to use during this conversation in order to impress the teacher. Read an extract of their dialogue:

(…)

(Pete) – Phrasal verbs are so difficult! Well, I have been studying really, really hard. I have to learn so many things before the tests. There are some things I have been doing… For example, I try to… to… memorize the expressions by reading them out loud several times a day.

(Teacher) – What else have you been doing that you consider effective?

(Pete) – I try to use the expressions and new words in stories… but often times they don’t… they don’t… make sense.

(Teacher) – There’s a phrasal verb for that.

(Pete) – I can’t remember it! I have to understand how I learn better…

(Teacher) – Maybe you are exaggerating a bit.

(Pete) – I am not. I have problems… reaching the same level of my classmates.

(Teacher) – I don’t agree with you, but if you feel you need to improve, we can talk about this later.

(Pete) – That would be great! Thank you! 

QUESTÃO – (IFMS-2019-CONCURSO-PROFESSOR)

If Pete had remembered the phrasal verbs he wanted to use in the conversation with his teacher in order to replace the expressions in bold, they would have followed this order:

(A) looked into the expressions; they don’t add to; figure out; keeping up with my classmates.

(B) come up with the expressions; they don’t add up to; figure up; catching up with my classmates.

(C) learn the expressions by heart; they don’t add up on; figure out; catching up with my classmates.

(D) learn the expressions in heart; they don’t add up; figure out; catching up with my classmates.

(E) learn the expressions by heart; they don’t add up; figure out; catching up with my classmates.

Resposta :  E

- RESOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA:

NO DIÁLOGO:

• "For example, I try to… to… memorize the expressions by reading them out loud several times a day."
• EXPRESSÃO UTILIZADA — memorize the expressions
• PHRASAL VERB CONTEXTUAL — LEARN BY HEART (learn the expressions by heart).

NO DIÁLOGO:

• "but often times they don’t… they don’t… make sense."
• EXPRESSÃO UTILIZADA — they don’t… make sense.
• PHRASAL VERB CONTEXTUAL — ADD UP (they don’t add up).

NO DIÁLOGO:

• "I have to understand how I learn better…"
• EXPRESSÃO UTILIZADA — understand.
• PHRASAL VERB CONTEXTUAL — FIGURE OUT.

NO DIÁLOGO:

• "I am not. I have problems… reaching the same level of my classmates."
• EXPRESSÃO UTILIZADA — reaching the same level of my classmates.
• PHRASAL VERB CONTEXTUAL — CATCH UP WITH (catching up with my classmates).

Se Pete tivesse lembrado dos phrasal verbs que queria usar na conversa com seu professor para substituir as expressões em negrito, eles teriam seguido esta ordem:

(A) looked into the expressions; they don’t add to; figure out; keeping up with my classmates.

(B) come up with the expressions; they don’t add up to; figure up; catching up with my classmates.

(C) learn the expressions by heart; they don’t add up on; figure out; catching up with my classmates.

(D) learn the expressions in heart; they don’t add up; figure out; catching up with my classmates.

(E) learn the expressions by heart; they don’t add up; figure out; catching up with my classmates.

- MAIS DICAS IMPORTANTES SOBRE PHRASAL VERBS:

(A) LEARN BY HEART :

1) LEARN BY HEART (to memorize) — MEMORIZAR. 

• You don't have to learn these principles by heart, we just want you to have a basic understanding of them.— Você não precisa MEMORIZAR ESSES PRINCÍPIOS,  queremos apenas que você tenha uma compreensão básica deles. [The Free Dictionary]

• She's learnt the whole speech off by heart. — Ela MEMORIZOU TODO O DISCURSO. [Oxford Dictionary]

(B) ADD UP :

1) ADD UP (to make sense) —  FAZER SENTIDO.

• Theses figures don't add up. — Esses números NÃO BATEM (não fazem sentido). [Longman Dictionary]

• He was troubled by a feeling that things just didn't add up. — Ele estava preocupado com a sensação de que as coisas simplesmente NÃO FAZEM SENTIDO. [Oxford Dictionary]

2) ADD UP TO  (to produce a particular result) —  CONTRIBUIR PARA.

• Rising prison population and overcrowding add up to a real crises. — O aumento da população carcerária e a superlotação CONTRIBUEM PARA UMA CRISE REAL. [Longman Dictionary]

(C) FIGURE OUT  —  ENTENDER / DESCOBRIR COMO FAZER, ENCONTRAR UMA FORMA DE RESOLVER ALGO.

• Can you figure out how to do it? — Dá pra você DESCOBRIR COMO FAZER ISSO? [Longman Dictionary]

• You haven't figured it out? — Você ainda NÃO DESCOBRIU [Longman Dictionary]

• Don't worry, we''ll figure something out. — Não se preocupe, vamos ENCONTRAR ALGUMA COISA. [Longman Dictionary]

(D) CATCH UP WITH (= to reach) —  ALCANÇAR (ATINGIR) O MESMO PADRÃO DAS OUTRAS PESSOAS DO SEU GRUPO ou ALCANÇAR ALGUÉM À SUA FRENTE INDO MAIS RÁPIDO.

• At the moment our technology is more advanced, but other countries are catching up with us. — No momento, nossa tecnologia está mais avançada, mas outros países estão nos ALCANÇANDO. [Longman Dictionary]

• Drive faster, they're catching up with us. — Dirija mais rápido, eles estão nos ALCANÇANDO. [Oxford Dictionary]

(E) LOOK INTO (= to investigate) —  INVESTIGAR, TENTAR DESCOBRIR A VERDADE SOBRE UM PROBLEMA, CRIME, ETC.

• Police are looking into the disappearance of two children. — A policia INVESTIGA o desaparecimento de duas crianças. [Longman Dictionary]

F) COME UP WITH —  (1) SUGERIR IDEIA ou (2) INVENTAR/CRIAR ALGO, (3) INVENTAR HISTÓRIA,DESCULPA ou (4) CONSEGUIR UMA QUANTIDADE DE DINHEIRO.

* Não confundir com o phrasal verb TO COME UP sinônimo do verbo TO ARISE na frase bem conhecida "THE SUN CAME UP!" (O sol nasceu!).

• She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. — Ela SUGERIU uma ideia nova para aumentar as vendas. [Oxford Dictionary]

• Is that the best excuse you can come up with? — É essa a melhor desculpa que você consegue inventar? [Longman Dictionary]

• Today’s computers don’t work this way, but perhaps some engineers can come up with something that’s enough like a body to provide this necessary ingredient. — Os computadores de hoje não funcionam dessa maneira, mas talvez alguns engenheiros possam CRIAR/INVENTAR ALGO semelhante a um corpo para fornecer esse ingrediente necessário. [https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/canwe-build-brain-computer/]

• How am I supposed to come up with $10,000? — Como vou conseguir $ 10.000? [Longman Dictionary]