📌ESTILO – 8 Multiple Choice Questions | Four-Option Question |
41 – Choose the alternative which indicates the best order of sentences to complete the following text.
The Power of Music. Many people think of music as a source of entertainment, while others feel it's just a tune
playing in the background.
[...]
🔗Disponível em: https://www.cliffsnotes.com. Acesso em: 23 abr. 2023.
1. As a result, people tend to feel an increase in energy and a decrease in stress levels.
2. When you listen to music, the brain releases dopamine, prolactin, and serotonin, which are chemicals
that boost your mood.
3. Engagement with music can improve memory and focus, especially in children, by stimulating the brain.
4. Finally, tuning out and turning on your tunes can shift your brain waves from beta to more relaxed alpha
and theta states.
5. It also engages parts of the brain that control our emotions.
6. However, active listening of anything from a Mozart symphony to a Beatles song has an enormous,
positive effect on the brain.
A) 2 – 1 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6
B) 3 – 5 – 6 – 4 – 2 – 1
C) 6 – 3 – 5 – 2 – 1 – 4
D) 2 – 3 – 5 – 6 – 4 – 1
💡 GABARITO 🄲
📌Trecho inicial fornecido:
“The Power of Music. Many people think of music as a source of entertainment, while others feel it's just a tune playing in the background. [...]”
👉 Isso pede uma sequência que mostre que, na verdade, a música tem efeitos importantes no cérebro e nas emoções.
Analisando as sentenças:
(6) – “However, active listening ... has an enormous, positive effect on the brain.”
🔹 Boa frase de transição inicial (contrasta com a ideia anterior de música apenas como fundo).
(3) – “Engagement with music can improve memory and focus...”
🔹 Expande a ideia, mostrando benefícios cognitivos.
(5) – “It also engages parts of the brain that control our emotions.”
🔹 Complementa, ligando da cognição para as emoções.
(2) – “When you listen to music, the brain releases dopamine...”
🔹 Explicação científica para o efeito emocional.
(1) – “As a result, people tend to feel an increase in energy and a decrease in stress levels.”
🔹 Consequência natural da frase anterior.
(4) – “Finally, tuning out and turning on your tunes can shift your brain waves...”
🔹 Conclusão (o advérbio “Finally” indica fechamento).
🔹Sequência lógica correta: 6 – 3 – 5 – 2 – 1 – 4
📌O texto completo com essa ordem para você visualizar como fica fluido:
The Power of Music
Many people think of music as a source of entertainment, while others feel it's just a tune playing in the background.
However, active listening of anything from a Mozart symphony to a Beatles song has an enormous, positive effect on the brain.
Engagement with music can improve memory and focus, especially in children, by stimulating the brain.
It also engages parts of the brain that control our emotions.
When you listen to music, the brain releases dopamine, prolactin, and serotonin, which are chemicals that boost your mood.
As a result, people tend to feel an increase in energy and a decrease in stress levels.
Finally, tuning out and turning on your tunes can shift your brain waves from beta to more relaxed alpha and theta states.
42 – A comic strip is a sequence of cartoons which usually displays brief humor with text in balloons.
🔗Disponível em: http://www.callouscomics.com. Acesso em: 16 abr. 2023.
Considering this comic strip above, it is correct to state that
A) the patient thinks steroids are what killed dinosaurs.
B) it is not possible to identify any humor in this comic strip.
C) the boy in the cartoon is probably not sick at all.
D) the doctor apparently is not sure what to prescribe.
💡 GABARITO 🄰
📌 Tradução da tirinha:
🔹Médica: So I'll be prescribing a steroid for you and ...(Então vou te receitar um esteroide...)
🔹Paciente: What?! No!(O quê?! Não!)
🔹Médica: I'm sorry, is there a reason why you wouldn't take a steroid?(Desculpe, tem algum motivo para você não querer tomar um esteroide?)
🔹Paciente: Of course! Isn't that what killed all the dinosaurs?!(Claro! Não foi isso que matou todos os dinossauros?!)
📌O humor da tirinha vem de um trocadilho sonoro:
🔹A médica fala em “steroid” (esteroide), que é um tipo de medicamento.
🔹O paciente entende “asteroid” (asteroide), corpo celeste que caiu na Terra e causou a extinção dos dinossauros.
👉 Assim, a piada está no fato de o paciente recusar o remédio porque acha que “esteroides” são os responsáveis por terem acabado com os dinossauros — quando, na verdade, foram os asteroides. É um exemplo de humor baseado em:
🔹interpretação equivocada (o paciente confunde medicamento com catástrofe cósmica)
📌 Analisando as alternativas:
Considering this comic strip above, it is correct to state that
Considerando a tirinha acima, é correto afirmar que
A) ✅the patient thinks steroids are what killed dinosaurs.
🔹Correta → o paciente acha que os esteroides foram o que matou os dinossauros.
🔹Análise → O humor da tirinha está justamente no trocadilho: o médico provavelmente prescreveu steroids (remédio), mas o paciente confundiu com stegosaurus/dinosaurs, acreditando que esteroides foram responsáveis pela morte dos dinossauros.
B) ❌it is not possible to identify any humor in this comic strip.
🔹Incorreta → não é possível identificar nenhum humor nesta tirinha.
🔹Análise → O humor está no mal-entendido linguístico (duplo sentido de steroids).
C) ❌the boy in the cartoon is probably not sick at all.
🔹Incorreta → o menino do desenho provavelmente não está doente.
🔹Análise → Nada no quadrinho sugere isso — a situação toda gira em torno da consulta e da confusão com o remédio.
D) ❌the doctor apparently is not sure what to prescribe.
🔹Incorreta → a médica aparentemente não tem certeza do que prescrever.
🔹Análise → A médica prescreveu algo, mas quem confundiu foi o paciente.
43 – Every day, fake pictures are getting more realistic. Today, anyone can access a web-based program like
Midjourney or Dall-e and create artificial or manipulated images without much effort.
The good news is that
humans have a natural instinct for sniffing them out, according to Siwei Lyu, professor of computer science and
engineering at the University at Buffalo. Lyu belongs to a group of researchers battling AI with AI—they’ve found
the best way to teach an AI to find synthetic images is to show them how humans do it. We’ve been dealing with
falsified images for a very long time. Image manipulation has been around just about as long as photography
itself.
What’s changed is how easy it is for someone without expertise to create something that appears
genuine—resulting in an intimidating volume of synthetic images.
But Lyu urges us not to panic. Here’s how to
use our natural instincts to find things that aren’t quite right—and how to keep up with the lightning speed of AI
advancement.
If there is a person in an image, look at their hands and eyes.
Current AI programs aren’t good at producing
lifelike hands—they may have six fingers, or fingers that are all the same length or in a strange pose.
In March,
an AI-generated image of Pope Francis wearing a Balenciaga puffer coat went viral. If you look closely at his
hand, he’s holding his coffee by the lid’s tab—a strange way to hold it, even if the cup was empty. And why the
eyes? Humans are really sensitive to minute characteristics of the face.
Humans almost always have circular
pupils, but AI often produces strangely shaped shadows in the center of the eye.
Light reflecting off the eyes
should also be in the same place on each eye, something that current AI struggles with.
🔗Disponível em: https://www.nationalgeographic.com. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2023.
Sobre a tecnologia descrita no texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que ela
A) facilitou para que praticamente qualquer pessoa pudesse criar uma imagem que aparentasse ser real.
B) permitiu a criação de uma imagem falsa do Papa Francisco usando um tipo de jaqueta de frio jovial.
C) tornará imagens falsas mais realistas e impossíveis de serem identificadas como sendo manipuladas.
D) pode ser enfrentada usando suas próprias limitações observadas na produção de partes do corpo.
💡 GABARITO 🄲
📌 Pontos principais do texto:
IA facilita a criação de imagens falsas, mesmo para pessoas sem conhecimento técnico.
Exemplo: a imagem falsa do Papa Francisco com um casaco Balenciaga.
Ainda é possível identificar falhas, especialmente em mãos e olhos.
Pesquisadores usam IA para combater a própria IA, inspirados na forma como os humanos percebem erros.
Não é dito que as imagens se tornarão impossíveis de identificar.
📌 Análise das alternativas:
Sobre a tecnologia descrita no texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que ela
A) ✅facilitou para que praticamente qualquer pessoa pudesse criar uma imagem que aparentasse ser real.
🔹Análise → O texto afirma:
🔹"[...] Today, anyone can access a web-based program like Midjourney or Dall-e and create artificial or manipulated images without much effort."(Hoje, qualquer pessoa pode acessar um programa baseado na web, como o Midjourney ou o Dall-E, e criar imagens artificiais ou manipuladas sem muito esforço.)
📍 Expressões importantes:
🔹Today → “Hoje”
🔹anyone can access → “qualquer pessoa pode acessar”
🔹a web-based program → “um programa baseado na web” (pode ser também: “um programa online”)
🔹create artificial or manipulated images → “criar imagens artificiais ou manipuladas”
🔹without much effort → “sem muito esforço”
B) ✅permitiu a criação de uma imagem falsa do Papa Francisco usando um tipo de jaqueta de frio jovial.
🔹Análise → Está no texto:
🔹"[...] In March, an AI-generated image of Pope Francis wearing a Balenciaga puffer coat went viral."(Em março, uma imagem gerada por IA do Papa Francisco usando um casaco acolchoado da Balenciaga viralizou.)
📍Expressões importantes:
🔹"AI-generated image" → “imagem gerada por IA”
Pope Francis → “Papa Francisco”
🔹"Balenciaga puffer coat" → “casaco acolchoado da Balenciaga” (pode ser também “jaqueta acolchoada”, no uso mais comum)
🔹"went viral" → “viralizou” (expressão típica da internet para algo que se espalha rapidamente nas redes))
C) ❌tornará imagens falsas mais realistas e impossíveis de serem identificadas como sendo manipuladas.
🔹Análise → O texto não diz que serão impossíveis de identificar; pelo contrário, dá dicas: 🔹"[...] If there is a person in an image, look at their hands and eyes... Current AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands... Humans almost always have circular pupils."(Se houver uma pessoa na imagem, observe suas mãos e olhos... Os programas atuais de IA não são bons em produzir mãos realistas... Os humanos quase sempre têm pupilas circulares.)
📍Expressões importantes:
🔹If there is a person in an image → “Se houver uma pessoa na imagem”
🔹look at their hands and eyes → “observe suas mãos e olhos”
🔹Current AI programs aren’t good at producing → “Os programas atuais de IA não são bons em produzir”
🔹"lifelike hands" → “mãos realistas” / “mãos que parecem reais”
🔹Humans almost always have circular pupils → “Os humanos quase sempre têm pupilas circulares”
D) ✅pode ser enfrentada usando suas próprias limitações observadas na produção de partes do corpo.
🔹Análise → O texto mostra que podemos identificar falhas:
🔹"[...] Current AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands... Humans almost always have circular pupils, but AI often produces strangely shaped shadows."(Os programas atuais de IA não são bons em produzir mãos realistas... Os humanos quase sempre têm pupilas circulares, mas a IA frequentemente gera sombras de formato estranho.)
📍Expressões destacadas:
🔹"Current AI programs" → “os programas atuais de IA”
🔹"aren’t good at producing" → “não são bons em produzir” (pode variar: “não conseguem produzir bem”)
🔹"lifelike hands" → “mãos realistas” (literalmente: “mãos que parecem reais”)
🔹"almost always" → “quase sempre”
🔹"circular pupils" → “pupilas circulares”
🔹"often produces" → “frequentemente gera”
🔹"strangely shaped shadows" → “sombras de formato estranho” / “sombras com formas estranhas”
44 – Many of us react to stressful situations by drinking too much coffee, sleeping too much or not enough, or
overeating (to meet this story’s deadline, for instance, I had yogurt, four cookies, and a ton of grapes).
As it turns
out, several wild animals also experience physical reactions to stress.
The main challenges faced by wild animals
are whether they’ll find enough food or whether they become someone else’s food.
But sometimes, it’s people
that cause the trauma. For instance, a new study shows the rare Colorado checkered whiptail lizard stress-eats
in response to noise.
Part of their habitat includes the Fort Carson Army Base, where low-flying aircraft regularly
produce sounds louder than what they’d experience naturally.
After observing some of the wild reptiles and
taking their blood, the scientists found that during flyovers, the lizards released more of the stress hormone
cortisol, as well as moved less and ate more.
Eating more likely compensated for the energy lost while
experiencing stress, the authors say.
Sleep, for all mammals, is key—and not having enough can be harmful.
Sleep deprivation, a form of stress,
can elicit increased eating in humans and some non-human animals alike.
In lab studies, fruit flies subjected to
social isolation slept less and ate more, and sleep-deprived mice ate more during their recovery.
Some butterflies
that don't get enough rest forage poorly and lay their eggs on the wrong types of plants.
If some bee species
don't get enough sleep, they'll perform their waggle dances, the bee equivalent of GPS, "with a less precise
direction component," giving their spectators less helpful information on where to find food.
🔗Disponível em: https://www.nationalgeographic.com. Acesso em: 29 abr. 2023.
Tome como base o texto acima e analise as afirmativas abaixo.
I. Animais estressados podem se atacar mutuamente em decorrência de situações de estresse.
II. A ausência de sono pode estimular a necessidade de comer mais em humanos e animais.
III. Abelhas em estresse podem perder a habilidade de indicar a localização correta de alimentos.
IV. Borboletas, ainda que subalimentadas, continuam pondo seus ovos nos locais adequados.
V. Até mesmo a mosca da fruta está sujeita aos impactos do ambiente e entrar em estresse.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas afirmativas corretas.
A) I e III
B) II e IV
C) I e IV
D) II e V
💡 GABARITO 🄲
📌 Pontos principais do texto:
Animais sofrem estresse físico e comportamental devido a fatores naturais (fome, predadores) e humanos (ruídos, atividades).
Exemplos de efeitos do estresse:
Lagartos: comer mais, se mover menos sob estresse.
Falta de sono: aumenta a alimentação em humanos e animais (moscas, camundongos).
Borboletas: sem sono, forrageiam mal e colocam ovos em plantas erradas.
Abelhas: sem sono, dançam “waggle” com menos precisão → menos informações sobre alimentos.
📌Analisando as afirmativas:
I. ❌Animais estressados podem se atacar mutuamente em decorrência de situações de estresse.
🔹Análise → Não é mencionado no texto que animais atacam uns aos outros devido ao estresse.
II. ✅A ausência de sono pode estimular a necessidade de comer mais em humanos e animais.
🔹Análise → Trecho do texto:
🔹"[...] Sleep deprivation, a form of stress, can elicit increased eating in humans and some non-human animals alike.”
III. ✅Abelhas em estresse podem perder a habilidade de indicar a localização correta de alimentos.
🔹Análise → Trecho do texto:
🔹"[...] If some bee species don't get enough sleep, they'll perform their waggle dances... 'with a less precise direction component,' giving their spectators less helpful information on where to find food.”
IV. ❌Borboletas, ainda que subalimentadas, continuam pondo seus ovos nos locais adequados.
🔹Análise → Trecho do texto:
🔹"[...] Some butterflies that don't get enough rest forage poorly and lay their eggs on the wrong types of plants.”
V. ✅Até mesmo a mosca da fruta está sujeita aos impactos do ambiente e entrar em estresse.
🔹Análise → Trecho do texto:
🔹"[...] In lab studies, fruit flies subjected to social isolation slept less and ate more."
QUESTÃO 45
Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 30 abr. 2023.
According to the graph depicting measurements of educational success, it is possible to state that
I. In the learning chart on the right, a greater percentage of men than women attain education beyond high
school.
II. Austria has a considerably low index of upward mobility (as of 2012) when compared to Russia and Ireland.
III. In Germany the percentage of women with post-high school education is about 20 percent greater than men.
IV. Canada, Norway and South Korea show the greatest percentage of people in postsecondary education (as
of 2014).
V. The United States is ranked 17th out of 23 in upward mobility and 10th out of 21 in postsecondary education.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas afirmativas corretas.
A) IV e V
B) I e II
C) III e IV
D) I e V
QUESTÃO 46
As organ transplant science advances, its biggest hurdles are increasingly logistical ones—such as
securing a flight and navigating through traffic fast enough to deliver an organ before it deteriorates. Enter the
drone, for which researchers recently documented a milestone test in Science Robotics. After hundreds of
practice flights, their drone carried a human donor lung on a five-minute journey from the roof of Toronto Western
Hospital to Toronto General Hospital for a successful transplant. The trip can take 25 minutes by road. This
study suggests that drone delivery “may have a unique opportunity for organs like hearts and lungs that can
tolerate less time on ice,” says Joseph Scalea, a transplant surgeon now at Medical University of South Carolina,
who was not involved in the study. In 2019 his team at the University of Maryland made a groundbreaking drone
delivery of a kidney—an organ that can survive 24 hours if packed in ice. Lungs and hearts last for less than half
that long.
The team enhanced the drone's connectivity so radio frequencies wouldn't interfere with its GPS and
installed a parachute set to open automatically in case of midair malfunction.
Disponível em: https://www.nationalgeographic.com. Acesso em: 2 abr. 2023.
According to the text, what can be said about drones and transplants?
A) Drones are not safe since they can fall or land heavily.
B) Organs for transplant need to be accompanied by a doctor.
C) Drones can help make the delivery of organs faster.
D) Organs can be transported by drones in short distances only.
QUESTÃO 47
The typical car will go for its last drive sometime between its 10th and 15th year on Earth. At this point, the
vast majority are sent to be recycled or sold for parts. But for a few autos, a second lease on life awaits, as a
significant percentage are exported from richer nations to developing nations for a few more years on the road.
In countries across Africa and Latin America, old used cars from places like the U.S. and Europe provide vital
access to transportation to people who would otherwise be unable to afford their own vehicles. While this process
extends the lives of these cars, the practice is not without problems, in particular with regards to pollution and
passenger safety.
Paul Bledsoe is adjunct professorial lecturer at the Center for Environmental Policy at the American
University in the U.S., where he specializes in energy, natural resources and climate change. He says that “the
process of retiring still-functioning cars off the road is going to speed up as electric vehicles become cheaper to
buy and operate. And so when that happens, you may see a huge influx of used combustion-engine vehicles
hitting the secondary market.” Bledsoe is concerned that, without the adequate policies in place, developing
nations could see pollution skyrocket over the next decade as a result.
Festival Godwin Boateng is a research fellow at the Center for Sustainable Urban Development, at
Columbia University in the U.S. He studies sustainable development in Africa through a postcolonial lens and
has looked into the issue of old cars. “Between 2015 and 2018 some 14 million used vehicles were exported
from the European Union, Japan, and the U.S., with 40% of them ending up in African countries,” explains
Boateng. “Just in Ghana, for every hundred vehicles on the road, 80 to 90 are used vehicles.” While Festival
recognized that used cars fill an important gap in providing transportation opportunities in Ghana, he says over
50% of used cars are over 15 years old. “So they tend to be really old and highly polluting. And to make matters
worse, they tend to do modifications to these vehicles, which make them even more polluting.”
Disponível em: https://theconversation.com. Acesso em: 30 abril 2023.
Com base no texto, considere as afirmações abaixo.
I. Um carro padrão geralmente dura entre dez e quinze anos antes de ser descartado.
II. Carros usados na Europa ou nos USA estão sendo vendidos como peças para países mais pobres.
III. Países africanos e latino-americanos estão poluindo seu meio ambiente usando carros usados.
IV. Em Gana, apesar dos carros serem velhos, as modificações feitas garantem menos poluição do ar.
V. A troca de carros ainda em uso por carros elétricos pode acelerar a poluição em países emergentes.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas afirmativas corretas, de acordo com o texto.
A) I e V
B) II e III
C) II e IV
D) IV e V
QUESTÃO 46
As organ transplant science advances, its biggest hurdles are increasingly logistical ones—such as
securing a flight and navigating through traffic fast enough to deliver an organ before it deteriorates. Enter the
drone, for which researchers recently documented a milestone test in Science Robotics. After hundreds of
practice flights, their drone carried a human donor lung on a five-minute journey from the roof of Toronto Western
Hospital to Toronto General Hospital for a successful transplant. The trip can take 25 minutes by road. This
study suggests that drone delivery “may have a unique opportunity for organs like hearts and lungs that can
tolerate less time on ice,” says Joseph Scalea, a transplant surgeon now at Medical University of South Carolina,
who was not involved in the study. In 2019 his team at the University of Maryland made a groundbreaking drone
delivery of a kidney—an organ that can survive 24 hours if packed in ice. Lungs and hearts last for less than half
that long.
The team enhanced the drone's connectivity so radio frequencies wouldn't interfere with its GPS and
installed a parachute set to open automatically in case of midair malfunction.
Disponível em: https://www.nationalgeographic.com. Acesso em: 2 abr. 2023.
According to the text, what can be said about drones and transplants?
A) Drones are not safe since they can fall or land heavily.
B) Organs for transplant need to be accompanied by a doctor.
C) Drones can help make the delivery of organs faster.
D) Organs can be transported by drones in short distances only.
QUESTÃO 47
The typical car will go for its last drive sometime between its 10th and 15th year on Earth. At this point, the
vast majority are sent to be recycled or sold for parts. But for a few autos, a second lease on life awaits, as a
significant percentage are exported from richer nations to developing nations for a few more years on the road.
In countries across Africa and Latin America, old used cars from places like the U.S. and Europe provide vital
access to transportation to people who would otherwise be unable to afford their own vehicles. While this process
extends the lives of these cars, the practice is not without problems, in particular with regards to pollution and
passenger safety.
Paul Bledsoe is adjunct professorial lecturer at the Center for Environmental Policy at the American
University in the U.S., where he specializes in energy, natural resources and climate change. He says that “the
process of retiring still-functioning cars off the road is going to speed up as electric vehicles become cheaper to
buy and operate. And so when that happens, you may see a huge influx of used combustion-engine vehicles
hitting the secondary market.” Bledsoe is concerned that, without the adequate policies in place, developing
nations could see pollution skyrocket over the next decade as a result.
Festival Godwin Boateng is a research fellow at the Center for Sustainable Urban Development, at
Columbia University in the U.S. He studies sustainable development in Africa through a postcolonial lens and
has looked into the issue of old cars. “Between 2015 and 2018 some 14 million used vehicles were exported
from the European Union, Japan, and the U.S., with 40% of them ending up in African countries,” explains
Boateng. “Just in Ghana, for every hundred vehicles on the road, 80 to 90 are used vehicles.” While Festival
recognized that used cars fill an important gap in providing transportation opportunities in Ghana, he says over
50% of used cars are over 15 years old. “So they tend to be really old and highly polluting. And to make matters
worse, they tend to do modifications to these vehicles, which make them even more polluting.”
Disponível em: https://theconversation.com. Acesso em: 30 abril 2023.
Com base no texto, considere as afirmações abaixo.
I. Um carro padrão geralmente dura entre dez e quinze anos antes de ser descartado.
II. Carros usados na Europa ou nos USA estão sendo vendidos como peças para países mais pobres.
III. Países africanos e latino-americanos estão poluindo seu meio ambiente usando carros usados.
IV. Em Gana, apesar dos carros serem velhos, as modificações feitas garantem menos poluição do ar.
V. A troca de carros ainda em uso por carros elétricos pode acelerar a poluição em países emergentes.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas afirmativas corretas, de acordo com o texto.
A) I e V
B) II e III
C) II e IV
D) IV e V