ESAF-2010-MPOG-Analista de Planejamento e Orçamento - Concurso Público do Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão(MPOG) - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito.

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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-ESAF-2010-Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão(MPOG)-Analista de Planejamento e Orçamento(APO)-Prova(comum as duas áreas) aplicada em 27/02/2010(Sábado).

[a]Banca/Organizador 

 www.esaf.fazenda.gov.br.

[b]Padrão/Composição da PROVA

➦03 Textos .
➦10 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E)
👉  Texto 1   "The Ascent of Money"(A Ascensão do Dinheiro) 

➦ Fonte: http://www.niallferguson.com 

👉  Texto 2   "Trucks, Trains and Trees"(Caminhões, trens e árvores) 

➦ Fonte: The New York Times - November 11, 2009 

👉  Texto 3   "Buy Into Brazil"(Compre no Brasil) 
➦ Fonte: http://www.forbes.com 

Text 1

Source:http://www.niallferguson.com/site/FERG/Templates/General. aspx?pageid=194

The Ascent of Money

Synopsis

          Bread, cash, dosh, dough, loot: Call it what you like, it matters. To Christians, love of it is the root of all evil. To generals, it’s the sinews of war. To revolutionaries, it’s the chains of labour. But in The Ascent of Money, Niall Ferguson shows that fi nance is in fact the foundation of human progress. What’s more, he reveals fi nancial history as the essential back-story behind all history. The evolution of credit and debt was as important as any technological innovation in the rise of civilization, from ancient Babylon to the silver mines of Bolivia. Banks provided the material basis for the splendours of the Italian Renaissance, while the bond market was the decisive factor in confl icts from the Seven Years’ War to the American Civil War.

          With the clarity and verve for which he is famed, Niall Ferguson explains why the origins of the French Revolution lie in a stock market bubble caused by a convicted Scots murderer. He shows how fi nancial failure turned Argentina from the world’s sixth richest country into an infl ation-ridden basket case – and how a fi nancial revolution is propelling the world’s most populous country from poverty to power in a single generation.
          Yet the most important lesson of the world’s fi nancial history is that sooner or later every bubble bursts – sooner or later the bearish sellers outnumber the bullish buyers – sooner or later greed fl ips into fear. And that’s why, whether you’re scraping by or rolling in it, there’s never been a better time to understand the ascent of money.

👉  Questão   21 

This text  could best be characterized as
(a) the abstract of a doctoral dissertation.
(b) a detailed review  of a book on economics.
(c) a defense of  money for publication in the popular press.
(d) publicity summarizing a recently-published book.
(e) a psychological explanation of the power of money.
Gabarito (d).

]👉  Questão   22 

The five words that open the text [Bread, cash, dosh, dough, loot]  in paragraph 1 line 1 are
(a) economic jargon for the proceeds of human labour.
(b) synonyms for money in colloquial usage.
(c) alternative expressions meaning profi t.
(d) everyday words for things money can buy.
(e) indications of the evil referred to in the next line.
Gabarito (b).

👉  Questão   23 

The pronoun ‘it’ in paragraph 3 line 5 refers to
(a) fear
(b) greed
(c) bubble
(d) scraping
(e) money
Gabarito (e).

👉  Questão   24 

The writer of the book attempts to prove  that money is
(a) a serious cause of harm.
(b) a vital resource in times of war.
(c) essentially a question of surface bubbles.
(d) at the root of all human advanced.
(e) usually an expendable asset.
Gabarito (d).

Text 2

Source: The New York Times    November 11, 2009  [slightly adapted]

Trucks, Trains and Trees

By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN

           No matter how many times you hear them, there are some statistics that just bowl you over. The one that always stuns me is this: Imagine if you took all the cars, trucks, planes, trains and ships in the world and added up their exhaust every year. The amount of carbon dioxide, or CO2, all those cars, trucks, planes, trains and ships collectively emit into the atmosphere is actually less than the carbon emissions every year that result from the chopping down and clearing of tropical forests in places like Brazil, Indonesia and the Congo. We are now losing a tropical forest the size of New York State every year, and the carbon that releases into the atmosphere now accounts for roughly 17 percent of all global emissions contributing to climate change. […]
          "You need a new model of economic development — one that is based on raising people’s standards of living by maintaining their natural capital, not just by converting that natural capital to ranching or industrial farming or logging,” said José María Silva, a conservation expert. Right now people protecting the rainforest are paid a pittance — compared with those who strip it — even though we now know that the rainforest provides everything from keeping CO2 out of the atmosphere to maintaining the flow of freshwater into rivers.
          The good news is that Brazil has put in place all the elements of a system to compensate its forest-dwellers for maintaining the forests. Brazil has already set aside 43 percent of the Amazon rainforest for conservation and for indigenous peoples. Another 19 percent of the Amazon, though, has already been deforested by farmers and ranchers.

👉  Questão   25 

The main message of the fi rst paragraph is that
(a) deforestation is less damaging to the environment than was traditionally believed.
(b) vehicles driven by standard fuels are responsible for 17% of all CO2 emissions.
(c) the statistics surrounding forest clearance are grossly exaggerated.
(d) it is time to limit the CO2 emissions from the world’s fleet of cars and trucks.
(e) forest clearance causes more CO2 emissions than all the world’s vehicles together.
Gabarito (e).

👉  Questão   26 

The new model of economic development advocated in the text involves
(a) offering adequate fi nancial reward to those who preserve the forest.
(b) raising people’s living standards through squandering natural capital.
(c) putting a ban on  large-scale cattle farming, planting and wood extraction.
(d) making farmers pay for the fl ow of freshwater they use in the Amazon.
(e) paying small sums of money to inhabitants who can keep trees standing.
Gabarito (a).

👉  Questão   27 

The writer's view of Brazilian action shows
(a) sharp criticism of Brazil’s failure to curb deforestation. b) mixture of praise for new policies and regret for past destruction.
(c) unqualified praise for Brazil’s far-sightedness.
(d) a 43% approval rating for government policy for the region.
(e) a 19% disapproval rating for farming and ranching in the Amazon.

Gabarito (b).

Text 3

Source: http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/12/brazil-etf-emerging-intelligentinvesting-markets.html

Buy Into Brazil

David Serchuk  [For bes Magazine]

There’s a lot to like about South America’s biggest economy. Hosting the Olympics and World Cup doesn’t hurt either.

          Suddenly everyone is talking about Brazil. This makes sense considering that the colossus of South America out-hustled President Obama and his hometown of Chicago to land the 2016 Olympics. It has also benefi ted by being the “B” part of the BRIC group of emerging nations, in addition to Russia, India and China. It’s an emerging power that some investors have just learned about, though the pros have been hip to it for some time.

          From 2003 through 2007, Brazil ran record trade surpluses, and its gross domestic product, at $1.99 trillion, is the 10th largest in the world. It has large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sectors, and its economy is bigger than all other nations in South America combined. Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets and, as we have seen, the world’s playing fi elds.
          There are also some signifi cant drawbacks to Brazil. Despite its potent GDP, rampant income inequality means that its per capita wealth is 102nd in the world, slightly behind the global average and noted powerhouse Serbia. Brazil’s richest 10% reaps 43% of its wealth; in the U.S. that number is 30%. Brazil’s bottom 10% earns a minuscule 1.1%. Still, there is a lot to like here, and our industry observers are ready to buy.

👉  Questão   28 

The writer’s attitude to investment in Brazil is
(a) out and out enthusiasm for the country’s prospects.
(b) reluctant  dismissal of Brazil’s potential.
(c) encouragement with minor reservations.
(d) unmitigated acclaim for the world’s 10th largest economy.
(e) deliberate analysis of various pitfalls for investors.
Gabarito (c).

👉  Questão   29 

Paragraph 1 of the text refers to Brazil’s hosting of the 2016 Olympic Games as
(a) one in the eye for US investors looking for good prospects.
(b) a Brazilian victory in long-standing bitter economic rivalry with the USA.
(c) an example of unfair practices in Brazilian commercial behavior.
(d) an explanation of why Brazil is a new focus of attention.
(e) a good reason to invest in Brazil for quick investment profits.
Gabarito (d)

👉  Questão   30 

Calling Brazil “the “B” part of the BRIC group of emerging nations” [paragraph 1 line 4], indicates that
(a) compared to Russia, India and China, Brazil's growth is second-rate.
(b) the acronym BRIC contains an explicit reference to Brazil.
(c) Brazil’s economy is till only grade B  for investors.
(d) Brazil lags behind the A-rated industrialized countries.
(e) emerging nations are now only slightly behind developed countries.
Gabarito (b).