PUC/PR – 2016 – MEDICINA – VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO PARANÁ – PROVA COM GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUCPR–2016–MEDICINA–VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO–18/10/2015.

https://www.pucpr.br

https://multiversidade.pucpr.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 5 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text (1) – | Life stress may lead to cognitive developmental delays in children | www.shortnews.com |

➭ Text (2) – | Solar eclipse in Europe | www.newsinlevels.com |

➭ Text (3) – | Study: Junk Food Doesn’t Only Make You Fat, It Makes You Lazy | www.shortnews.com |

➭ Text (4) – | Pictures of Ascent in the Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe. | http://americanliterature.dukejournals.org |

➭ Text (5) – | Don’t Set Goals: Use Systems | https://tinytexts.wordpress.com |

❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text and answer the question.

Life stress may lead to cognitive developmental delays in children

According to a new study, children living in harsh or unstable environments are more likely to experience learning and cognitive delays by age 4.

Researchers examined the cortisol levels and cognitive delays of 201 children from low-income families in the northeastern United States. It was found that those kids with higher levels of cortisol experienced harsh or insensitive caregiving.

"We discovered that exposure to specific forms of family adversity when children were 2 years old predicted their cortisol profile, which in turn was linked with notable differences in children´s cognitive functioning at age 4," the researchers say.

Disponível em: <http://www.shortnews.com/start.cfm?id=100733>. Acesso em: 16/06/15.

16 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO) 

According to the research, we can state that:
I. Children who are more stressed may have cognitive delay.
II. Children who are stresser may have developmental delays.
III. Children from more rich families were evaluated in this research.
IV. Children from richer families were evaluated in this research.
V. Children from poorer families were evaluated in this research.
A) Only II and III are correct.
B) Only I and V are correct.
C) Only IV and V are correct.
D) All the alternatives are correct.
E) Only I and IV are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   B 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:

❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text and choose the best alternative.

Solar eclipse in Europe

The UK could be plunged into darkness next month, as experts warn there could be the biggest solar eclipse since 1999. Nearly 90% of the sun's rays are expected to be blocked out in parts of Europe on March 20th.
In London and the Southeast, 85% of the sun will be obscured by the moon, while in northern Scotland, more than 95% will be covered.
But the National Grid warns there could be a solar power outage as a result. Solar power isn’t widely used in the UK, but other parts of Europe that heavily rely on it could be out of electricity for a short while.
There's no need to worry, though – the European Network Transmission System Operators for Electricity have been planning for the event for months.
The eclipse will last for around two hours at 8:40 a.m. The next one will not be until 2026.

Disponível em: <http://www.newsinlevels.com/products/solar-eclipse-in-europe-level-3/>. Acesso em: março 2015.

17 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO)

Check the statements according to lexical-semantic aspects from the text above:

I. In: ‘The UK could be plunged into darkness next month…’, the verb in bold could be changed to ‘immersed’ without changing the meaning of the sentence.

II. The word ‘warn’ in the first paragraph means to make someone conscious of a possible problem or danger so they will not be hurt or affected by it.

III. In the sentence: ‘In London and the Southeast, 85% of the sun will be obscured by the moon, while in northern Scotland, more than 95% will be covered.’; the conjunction ‘while’ means that the same exact thing will be happening in the entire area.

IV. Read the sentence: ‘But the National Grid warns there could be a solar power outage as a result.’ The words in bold ‘as a result’ mean that a solar power outage could happen because of the solar eclipse.

V. The meaning of the word ‘eclipse’ in the last paragraph is ‘decline’.

Choose the CORRECT alternative.
A) Only alternatives I, II and III are correct.
B) Only alternatives II, III and IV are correct.
C) Only alternatives III, IV and V are correct.
D) Only alternatives I, III and V are correct.
E) Only alternatives I, II and IV are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   E 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
I. Em: "O Reino Unido pode mergulhar na escuridão no próximo mês ...", o verbo em negrito pode ser alterado para "imerso" sem alterar o significado da frase.
II A palavra "avisar" no primeiro parágrafo significa conscientizar alguém sobre um possível problema ou perigo, para que não seja ferido ou afetado por ele.
III Na frase: "Em Londres e no sudeste, 85% do sol será obscurecido pela lua, enquanto no norte da Escócia, mais de 95% será coberto."; a conjunção 'while' significa que a mesma coisa acontecerá em toda a área.
IV Leia a frase: "Mas a National Grid adverte que pode haver uma queda de energia solar como resultado". As palavras em negrito "como resultado" significam que uma queda de energia solar pode ocorrer por causa do eclipse solar.

V. O significado da palavra "eclipse" no último parágrafo é "declínio".

❑ TEXTO 3: Read the text below:

Study: Junk Food Doesn’t Only Make You Fat, It Makes You Lazy

According to a recent study by researchers at the University of California Los Angeles, a diet rich in processed food and fat leads not only to excess weight but also to less motivation. Researchers found that rats on a junk food diet were significantly fatter than rats on a healthy diet. But the rats with the unhealthy diet also were less active and mentally slower.
"Our data suggest that diet-induced obesity is a cause, rather than an effect, of laziness. Either the highly processed diet causes fatigue or the diet causes obesity, which causes fatigue," says lead researcher Aaron Blaisdell.

Disponível em: <http://www.shortnews.com/start.cfm?id=94296>. Acesso em: abril de 2015.

18 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO)

According to the text, it is possible to state that:

I. Rats which ate healthy food were thinner than the ones which ate junk food.

II. Laziness is a consequence from obesity.

III. Obesity can be considered as an effect of laziness.

IV. Less motivation is one of the causes which make junk food ingestion attractive.

V. Rats on a healthy diet were more active.

A) Only II and IV are correct.
B) Only I, II and III are correct.
C) Only III is correct.
D) Only I, II and V are correct.
E) All the sentences are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
I. Os ratos que ingeriram alimentos saudáveis eram mais magros que os que ingeriam junk food.
II Preguiça é uma consequência da obesidade.
III A obesidade pode ser considerada como um efeito da preguiça.
IV Menos motivação é uma das causas que tornam a ingestão de junk food atraente.

V. Os ratos com uma dieta saudável foram mais ativos.

❑ TEXTO 4: Read the text and choose the best alternative for the underlined word.

Pictures of Ascent in the Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe.

By Douglas Anderson.

New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2009. xi, 201 pp. $ 80.00.

The material world and the ability to transcend it are at the heart of this study of Edgar Allan Poe’s writings. In chapters such as “Problems of Disposal” and “The Gravity of Things,” Anderson contrasts the “weight of living” present in Poe’s life and work with, in Italo Calvino’s words, the “lightness of thoughtfulness.” This book provides a taxonomy of Poe’s literary imagination through suggestive literary analyses of the fictive environments that inhabit and undergird his stories, and it expands the purview of Poe studies as well as of nineteenth-century American literature.

Available in: <http://americanliterature.dukejournals.org/content/82/3/663.full.pdf>. Access on: August 2015.

19 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO)

Taxonomy means
A) the process of putting things into different groups, especially living things.
B) the process of organizing similar things, especially living things, into groups or types.
C) the process of organizing different things, especially living things, into different types.
D) the process of organizing similar groups into different types of living things.
E) the process of organizing groups into similar types of living things.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   B 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
Taxonomia significa
A) o processo de colocar as coisas em diferentes grupos, especialmente os seres vivos.
B) o processo de organização de coisas semelhantes, especialmente seres vivos, em grupos ou tipos.
C) o processo de organização de coisas diferentes, especialmente seres vivos, em tipos diferentes.
D) o processo de organização de grupos semelhantes em diferentes tipos de seres vivos.
E) o processo de organização de grupos em tipos semelhantes de seres vivos.

❑ TEXTO 5: Read the text and choose the best alternative.

Don’t Set Goals: Use Systems

Have you already set your goals for the New Year? Do you want to lose 10 kilos, run a marathon or speak fluent English? Some experts believe that you need systems, not goals. A system is something you do on a regular basis. This means focusing on what you can control (your actions) rather than what you can’t (the unpredictable). For example, don’t focus on losing 10 kilos, focus on shopping for healthy food and cooking something light every day. Don’t focus on the marathon; focus on the training schedule. Invent a system to improve your English, one step at a time. Good luck!

Disponível em: <https://tinytexts.wordpress.com/>. Acesso em: junho de 2015.

20 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO)
According to the text we can state that:
I. In order to achieve something you should focus on your actions.
II. In order to achieve something you should eat healthy food every day.
III. In order to achieve something you should set your systems for the New Year.
IV. In order to achieve something you should take one step at a time.
A) Only I and II are correct.
B) Only I and III are correct.
C) Only II and IV are correct.
D) Only I and IV are correct.
E) Only III and IV are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:

According to the text we can state that:

De acordo com o texto podemos afirmar que:

I. In order to achieve something you should focus on your actions.(Para conseguir algo, você deve se concentrar em suas ações.)

• CORRETA porque segundo o texto alguns especialistas acreditam que você precisa de sistemas, não de metas. Um sistema é algo que você faz regularmente. Isso significa focar no que você pode controlar (suas ações) e não no que não pode (o imprevisível).

II. In order to achieve something you should eat healthy food every day.(Para conseguir algo, você deve comer alimentos saudáveis todos os dias.)

• INCORRETA porque o texto não faz menção você deve comer alimentos saudáveis todos os dias.
• O texto sugere que se foque em comprar comida saudável e cozinhar algo leve todos os dias.

III. In order to achieve something you should set your systems for the New Year.(Para conseguir algo, você deve definir seus sistemas para o Ano Novo.)

• INCORRETA porque o texto sugere que se invente sistemas para melhorar algo que se almeja, como por exemplo, não se concentre na maratona; foque no cronograma de treinamento.

IV. In order to achieve something you should take one step at a time.(Para conseguir algo, você deve dar um passo de cada vez.)

• CORRETA conforme o trecho:
• "[...] Invent a system to improve your English, one step at a time. Good luck!"