Postagens
❑ Welcome back to another post!
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UECE-2020/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-20/12/2020.
❑ ORGANIZADOR: www.uece.br/cev.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ 20 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.
➭ Text – Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought | www.nytimes.com |
❑ GABARITO:
01-B, 02-C, 03-D, 04-A, 05-B
06-B, 07-D, 08-C, 09-A, 10-D
11-B, 12-A, 13-A, 14-D, 15-C
16-B, 17-A, 18-D, 19-X, 20-A
❑ TEXT:
❑
Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to
the Oceans Than Thought
The United States is using more
plastic than ever, and waste exported for
recycling is often mishandled, according
to a new study.
2
The United States contribution
to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
significantly larger than previously
thought, possibly by as much as five
times, according to a study published
Friday. The research, published in Science
Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
by the same authors. Two factors
contributed to the sharp increase:
Americans are using more plastic than
ever and the current study included
pollution generated by United States
exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
one did not.
3
The United States, which does
not have sufficient infrastructure to
handle its recycling demands at home,
exports about half of its recyclable waste.
Of the total exported, about 88 percent
ends up in countries considered to have
inadequate waste management.
4
“When you consider how much
of our plastic waste isn’t actually
recyclable because it is low-value,
contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
not surprising that a lot of it ends up
polluting the environment,” said the
study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
research professor of oceanography at
Sea Education Association, in a
statement.
5
The study estimates that in
2016, the United States contributed
between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
plastic waste to the oceans through a
combination of littering, dumping and mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
that’s almost double the total estimated
waste in the team’s previous study. At the
high end, it would be a fivefold increase
over the earlier estimate.
6
Nicholas Mallos, a senior
director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
author of the study, said the upper
estimate would be equal to a pile of
plastic covering the area of the White
House Lawn and reaching as high as the
Empire State Building.
7
The ranges are wide partly
because “there’s no real standard for
being able to provide good quality data on
collection and disposal of waste in
general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
economist at DSM Environmental
Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
practices in countries around the world
and used their “best professional
judgment” to determine the lowest and
highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
escape into the environment. They settled
on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
8
Tony Walker, an associate
professor at the Dalhousie University
School for Resource and Environmental
Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
analyzing waste data can amount to a
“data minefield” because there are no
data standards across municipalities.
Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
overseas, he said, data is often not
recorded at all.
9
Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
was not involved in the study, said it
could offer a more accurate accounting of
plastic pollution than the previous study,
which likely underestimated the United
States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
best estimate, as accurate as they can be
with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
which underscores that the figures are
estimates.
10
Of the plastics that go into the
United States recycling system, about 9
percent of the country’s total plastic
waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
be remade into new consumer goods. New
plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
that only certain expensive, high-grade
plastics are profitable to recycle within the
United States, which is why roughly half
of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
which data is available.
11
Since 2016, however, the
recycling landscape has changed. China
and many countries in Southeast Asia
have stopped accepting plastic waste
imports. And lower oil prices have further reduced the market for recycled plastic.
“What the new study really underscores is
we have to get a handle on source
reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
starts with eliminating unnecessary and
problematic single-use plastics.”
From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
01. As to the use of plastic by Americans, the text
mentions that it
A) has been significantly reduced in recent years.
B) is higher than in any other period in history.
C) increased in relation to last year, but it is not as
high as in the 90s.
D) is in a very slow process of descent.
02. According to the text, the United States
A) has the best infrastructure to handle recycling
materials.
B) pollutes even the lawn in the White House.
C) is incapable of handling its domestic recycling
demands.
D) does not have enough quality data on waste
disposal.
03. One of the factors that contributes to the huge
amount of plastic waste is the fact that
A) waste-disposal practices only occur in a few
countries.
B) scientists do not use a good professional
judgement.
C) it easily escapes into the environment.
D) it is not really recyclable.
04. The article mentions that half of the American
recyclable waste is
A) exported to other countries.
B) easy to process.
C) sent to Mexico.
D) not contaminated.
05. A high percentage of the USA's exported
recyclable waste goes to countries that
A) belong to the Third World.
B) don't have a proper waste management.
C) have a fine infrastructure to handle it.
D) provide good data on disposal of waste.
06. Considering the information provided in the
text, it is clear that of the total plastic waste in the
United States
A) almost 100% is recycled.
B) less than 10% goes into its recycling system.
C) around 80% is shipped to poor countries.
D) more and more has been recycled in the last
decade.
07. The sentence “The study estimates that in
2016, the United States contributed between 1.1
and 2.2 million metric tons of plastic waste to the
oceans…” (lines 36-39) contains a/an
A) subject noun clause.
B) restrictive adjective clause.
C) non-restrictive adjective clause.
D) object noun clause.
08. The sentence “The United States, which
does not have sufficient infrastructure to handle
its recycling demands at home, exports about half
of its recyclable waste.” (lines 19-22) contains
a/an
A) adverb time clause.
B) restrictive adjective clause.
C) non-restrictive adjective clause.
D) adverbial place clause.
09. In “Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who was not
involved in the study, said it could offer a more
accurate accounting of plastic pollution...” (lines 78-
81), there is an example of
A) adjective clause.
B) adverb clause.
C) infinitive phrase.
D) simple sentence.
10. The words “recycling” (line 3), “littering” (line
40), and “being” (line 55) are respectively used as
A) noun, noun, verb, adjective.
B) adjective, verb, adjective.
C) verb, noun, adjective.
D) noun, noun, verb.
11. In the sentence “They've put their best
estimate, as accurate as they could be with this
data, he said, and used ranges,
which underscores that...” (lines 83-86), the
underlined verbs are, respectively,
A) simple present, past continuous.
B) present perfect, simple present.
C) present perfect, present continuous.
D) simple present, present perfect.
• ANSWER (B)
12. In the sentence “Moreover, once plastic
waste is shipped overseas, he said, data is often not
recorded at all” (lines 75-77), the underlined verbs
are, respectively,
A) simple present passive, simple past, simple
present passive.
B) present perfect, simple past, past perfect.
C) simple present passive, past continuous, past
perfect.
D) present perfect passive, simple past, past
continuous passive.
13. The verbs in “...ends up in countries
considered to have inadequate waste
management” (lines 24-25) are, respectively,
A) regular, regular, irregular.
B) irregular, regular, regular.
C) regular, irregular, irregular.
D) irregular, irregular, irregular.
14. “…while the earlier one did not” (lines 17-18)
is a/an
A) complex sentence.
B) simple sentence.
C) noun clause.
D) adverb clause.
15. “At a minimum” (line 41) and “in the team's
previous study” (lines 41-43) are examples of
A) simple sentences.
B) participle phrases.
C) prepositional phrases.
D) complex sentences.
16. “They settled on a range of 25 percent to 75
percent” (lines 66-67) is a/an
A) noun clause.
B) simple sentence.
C) adverb clause.
D) complex sentence.
17. In the phrases “Of the total exported” (line
23) and “in countries considered” (line 24), the two
verbs are in the
A) past participle.
B) past continuous.
C) past perfect.
D) simple past.
18. “There are no data standards” (lines 73-74)
can be correctly rewritten as
A) “There aren't no data standards”.
B) “There isn’t no data standards”.
C) “There's been any data standards”.
D) “There aren't any data standards”.
19. The phrase “The research, published in
Science Advances…” (lines 10-11) can be correctly
rewritten as
A) “The research, that publishes in Science
Advances…”.
B) “The research, that will publish in Science
Advances…”.
C) “The research, that was published in Science
Advances…”.
D) “The research, that was publishing in Science
Advances…”.
20. The superlative forms of the
adjectives accurate, large, and easy are,
respectively,
A) the most accurate, the largest, the easiest.
B) the more accurate, the larger, the easier.
C) the most accurate, the most large, the most
easy.
D) the accuratest, the larger, the easiest.
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário