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❑ PROVA DE LĂNGUA INGLESA:
• CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR (todos os cargos)-08/06/2008.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | Cane surpasses power dams in Brazil energy complex | reuters.com |
• Texto (2) – | Energy Information Administration | eia.doe.gov |
❑ TEXTO 1:
❑ TRADUĂĂO - TEXTO 1:
Cane surpasses power dams in Brazil energy complex
Cana de açucar supera as hidroelétricas no complexo energético brasileiro
Thu May 8, 2008 2:41pm EDT
By Denise Luna
RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) - Sugar cane and canebased ethanol became a more important energy source than hydroelectric power plants in Brazil’s overall energy complex last year, topped only by petroleum and oil products. RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) - A cana-de-açĂșcar e o etanol Ă base de cana tornaram-se uma fonte de energia mais importante do que as usinas hidrelĂ©tricas no complexo energĂ©tico geral do Brasil no ano passado, superadas apenas pelo petrĂłleo e seus derivados.
The government's EPE energy planning agency said on Thursday sugar cane had a 16 percent share in the country' so-called energy matrix — a combination of all sources of energy including fuels and electricity — while power dams were left behind with a 14.7 percent share. A agĂȘncia de planejamento energĂ©tico do governo, EPE, disse na quinta-feira que a cana-de-açĂșcar tinha uma participação de 16 por cento na chamada matriz energĂ©tica do paĂs - uma combinação de todas as fontes de energia, incluindo combustĂveis e eletricidade - enquanto as barragens de energia ficaram para trĂĄs com uma participação de 14,7 por cento.
Oil and derivatives had a 36.7 percent weighting, dropping from 37.8 percent in 2006. O petrĂłleo e os derivados tiveram um peso de 36,7 por cento, caindo face aos 37,8 por cento de 2006.
“It’s a historic year in that sense, it’s an irreversible trend,” EPE President Mauricio Tolmasquim told reporters. “Ă um ano histĂłrico nesse sentido, Ă© uma tendĂȘncia irreversĂvel”, disse o presidente da EPE, Mauricio Tolmasquim, aos jornalistas.
He attributed the growing role of sugar cane to booming demand for ethanol as a motor fuel, but expected more cane and ethanol to be used for electricity generation as well. Ele atribuiu o papel crescente da cana-de-açĂșcar Ă crescente procura de etanol como combustĂvel para motores, mas espera que mais cana e etanol tambĂ©m sejam utilizados para a geração de eletricidade
Brazil is a world leader in biofuels with decades of valuable expertise in using ethanol in cars. O Brasil Ă© lĂder mundial em biocombustĂveis, com dĂ©cadas de experiĂȘncia valiosa no uso de etanol em automĂłveis.
In February 2007, the consumption of ethanol surpassed that of gasoline for the first time in two decades. Em fevereiro de 2007, o consumo de etanol superou o de gasolina pela primeira vez em duas décadas.
The trend is driven by a drop in ethanol prices and huge sales of flex-fuel cars that can run on ethanol, gasoline or any mix of the two. A tendĂȘncia Ă© impulsionada pela queda nos preços do etanol e pelas enormes vendas de carros flex que podem funcionar com etanol, gasolina ou qualquer combinação dos dois.
Hydrous ethanol consumption jumped 46 percent last year to 10.4 billion liters, while the usage of anhydrous ethanol that is mostly blended into gasoline sold in Brazil rose nearly 20 percent to 6.2 billion liters, EPE said. At the same time, gasoline consumption in the country dipped almost 4 percent to 18 billion liters. O consumo de etanol hidratado aumentou 46 por cento no ano passado, para 10,4 bilhĂ”es de litros, enquanto o uso de etanol anidro, que Ă© principalmente misturado Ă gasolina vendida no Brasil, aumentou quase 20 por cento, para 6,2 bilhĂ”es de litros, disse a EPE. Ao mesmo tempo, o consumo de gasolina no paĂs caiu quase 4%, para 18 mil milhĂ”es de litros
Tolmasquim said it was important that Latin America's largest country was self-sufficient in the three main sources of energy, including oil. Tolmasquim disse que Ă© importante que o maior paĂs da AmĂ©rica Latina seja autossuficiente nas trĂȘs principais fontes de energia, incluindo o petrĂłleo.
Brazil met its oil needs with domestic output for the first time in 2006. O Brasil atendeu às suas necessidades de petróleo com a produção interna pela primeira vez em 2006.
It still needs to import some light crude to mix with heavy local crudes for refining, but it also exports heavy oil. Ainda precisa importar algum petróleo bruto leve para misturar com petróleo pesado local para refino, mas também exporta petróleo pesado.
Last year’s exports totaled an average of 421,000 barrels per day and imports stood at 418,000 bpd. As exportaçÔes do ano passado totalizaram uma mĂ©dia de 421 mil barris por dia e as importaçÔes foram de 418 mil bpd.
All nonrenewable energy’s share fell to 53.6 percent in the overall complex in 2007 from 55.1 percent in 2006, with coal gaining some ground on its increased use in steelmaking. Nuclear energy’s share was just 1.4 percent. A quota de todas as energias nĂŁo renovĂĄveis caiu para 53,6 por cento no complexo global em 2007, contra 55,1 por cento em 2006, com o carvĂŁo a ganhar algum terreno devido Ă sua maior utilização na produção de aço.
Renewables, which include hydroelectricity, ethanol and plant-based biodiesel, gained to a 46.4 percent weighting from 44.9 percent. As energias renovĂĄveis, que incluem a hidroeletricidade, o etanol e o biodiesel vegetal, ganharam um peso de 46,4%, contra 44,9%.
The use of renewable energy sources in Brazil by far surpasses the world’s average of around 13 percent, EPE said. O uso de fontes de energia renovĂĄveis no Brasil supera em muito a mĂ©dia mundial de cerca de 13 por cento, disse a EPE.
(Writing by Andrei Khalip; Editing by Christian Wiessner) DisponĂvel em: <http://www.reuters.com/article/businessNews/ idUSN0838471920080508?feedType=RSS&feedName=businessNews>
The main purpose of Text I is to
(A) criticize the increasing price of ethanol and flex fuel cars.
(B) condemn the excessive use of renewable energy sources in Brazil.
(C) announce a recent and relevant change in Brazil’s energy complex.
(D) report on the excessive use of cane and ethanol for electricity generation in Brazil.
(E) explain why gasoline consumption has suddenly dropped in Latin American countries.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
O principal objetivo do Texto I Ă©
(A) criticize the increasing price of ethanol and flex fuel cars. criticar o aumento do preço do etanol e dos carros flex.
(B) condemn the excessive use of renewable energy sources in Brazil. condenar o uso excessivo de fontes de energia renovĂĄveis no Brasil.
(C) announce a recent and relevant change in Brazil’s energy complex. anunciar uma mudança recente e relevante no complexo energĂ©tico brasileiro.
(D) report on the excessive use of cane and ethanol for electricity generation in Brazil. relatório sobre o uso excessivo de cana e etanol para geração de eletricidade no Brasil.
(E) explain why gasoline consumption has suddenly dropped in Latin American countries. explicar por que o consumo de gasolina caiu repentinamente nos paĂses latino-americanos.
(C) announce a recent and relevant change in Brazil’s energy complex. anunciar uma mudança recente e relevante no complexo energĂ©tico brasileiro.
(D) report on the excessive use of cane and ethanol for electricity generation in Brazil. relatório sobre o uso excessivo de cana e etanol para geração de eletricidade no Brasil.
(E) explain why gasoline consumption has suddenly dropped in Latin American countries. explicar por que o consumo de gasolina caiu repentinamente nos paĂses latino-americanos.
➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• Cane surpasses power dams in Brazil energy complex Cana supera as hidroelĂ©tricas no complexo energĂ©tico brasileiro.
➭ KEY WORD:
• TO SURPASS (= to go beyond what was expected) – SUPERAR, EXCEDER.
12 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
Based on Paragraph 1, it is correct to say that
(A) petroleum and oil products are the most significant energy sources in Brazil, followed by sugar-cane ethanol and hydroelectric power.
(B) petroleum and oil products must be the top priority of the Brazilian government.
(C) ethanol derived from sugar-cane has surpassed all other forms of power generation in Brazil.
(D) hydroelectric plants have always been the most efficient source of energy in Brazil.
(E) hydroelectric plants and cane-based ethanol are, nowadays, the most productive sources of energy in Brazil.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) petroleum and oil products are the most significant energy sources in Brazil, followed by sugar-cane ethanol and hydroelectric power. o petrĂłleo e seus derivados sĂŁo as fontes de energia mais significativas no Brasil, seguidos pelo etanol de cana-de-açĂșcar e pela energia hidrelĂ©trica.
(B) petroleum and oil products must be the top priority of the Brazilian government. o petrĂłleo e seus derivados devem ser a principal prioridade do governo brasileiro.
(C) ethanol derived from sugar-cane has surpassed all other forms of power generation in Brazil. o etanol derivado da cana-de-açĂșcar superou todas as outras formas de geração de energia no Brasil.
(D) hydroelectric plants have always been the most efficient source of energy in Brazil. as hidrelétricas sempre foram a fonte de energia mais eficiente do Brasil.
(E) hydroelectric plants and cane-based ethanol are, nowadays, the most productive sources of energy in Brazil. as hidrelétricas e o etanol de cana são, hoje, as fontes de energia mais produtivas do Brasil.
(B) petroleum and oil products must be the top priority of the Brazilian government.
(C) ethanol derived from sugar-cane has surpassed all other forms of power generation in Brazil.
(D) hydroelectric plants have always been the most efficient source of energy in Brazil.
(E) hydroelectric plants and cane-based ethanol are, nowadays, the most productive sources of energy in Brazil.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
(A) petroleum and oil products are the most significant energy sources in Brazil, followed by sugar-cane ethanol and hydroelectric power. o petrĂłleo e seus derivados sĂŁo as fontes de energia mais significativas no Brasil, seguidos pelo etanol de cana-de-açĂșcar e pela energia hidrelĂ©trica.
(B) petroleum and oil products must be the top priority of the Brazilian government. o petrĂłleo e seus derivados devem ser a principal prioridade do governo brasileiro.
(C) ethanol derived from sugar-cane has surpassed all other forms of power generation in Brazil. o etanol derivado da cana-de-açĂșcar superou todas as outras formas de geração de energia no Brasil.
(D) hydroelectric plants have always been the most efficient source of energy in Brazil. as hidrelétricas sempre foram a fonte de energia mais eficiente do Brasil.
(E) hydroelectric plants and cane-based ethanol are, nowadays, the most productive sources of energy in Brazil. as hidrelétricas e o etanol de cana são, hoje, as fontes de energia mais produtivas do Brasil.
13 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
According to EPE President, Mauricio Tomalsquim,
(A) oil and derivatives will always remain the only energy source to be used in motors.
(B) sugar-cane based ethanol is efficient as fuel for cars, but cannot be used to generate electricity.
(C) the consumption of ethanol is expected to drop in the future – 2006 was a historical exception in energy demands.
(D) the production of oil has boomed after 2006, as a result of the historical tendency for the manufacture of exclusive petroleum-driven motors.
(E) it was important that Brazil be able to supply all its needs in generating energy, with renewable fuels like ethanol, hydroelectric power and petroleum.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) oil and derivatives will always remain the only energy source to be used in motors. o petrĂłleo e seus derivados sempre serĂŁo a Ășnica fonte de energia a ser utilizada em motores.
(B) sugar-cane based ethanol is efficient as fuel for cars, but cannot be used to generate electricity. O etanol Ă base de cana-de-açĂșcar Ă© eficiente como combustĂvel para automĂłveis, mas nĂŁo pode ser utilizado para gerar eletricidade.
(C) the consumption of ethanol is expected to drop in the future – 2006 was a historical exception in energy demands. o consumo de etanol deverĂĄ cair no futuro – 2006 foi uma exceção histĂłrica na demanda energĂ©tica.
(D) the production of oil has boomed after 2006, as a result of the historical tendency for the manufacture of exclusive petroleum-driven motors. a produção de petrĂłleo cresceu a partir de 2006, como resultado da tendĂȘncia histĂłrica para a fabricação de motores exclusivamente movidos a petrĂłleo.
(E) it was important that Brazil be able to supply all its needs in generating energy, with renewable fuels like ethanol, hydroelectric power and petroleum. era importante que o Brasil conseguisse suprir todas as suas necessidades na geração de energia, com combustĂveis renovĂĄveis como etanol, energia hidrelĂ©trica e petrĂłleo.
(B) sugar-cane based ethanol is efficient as fuel for cars, but cannot be used to generate electricity.
(C) the consumption of ethanol is expected to drop in the future – 2006 was a historical exception in energy demands.
(D) the production of oil has boomed after 2006, as a result of the historical tendency for the manufacture of exclusive petroleum-driven motors.
(E) it was important that Brazil be able to supply all its needs in generating energy, with renewable fuels like ethanol, hydroelectric power and petroleum.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E
(A) oil and derivatives will always remain the only energy source to be used in motors. o petrĂłleo e seus derivados sempre serĂŁo a Ășnica fonte de energia a ser utilizada em motores.
(B) sugar-cane based ethanol is efficient as fuel for cars, but cannot be used to generate electricity. O etanol Ă base de cana-de-açĂșcar Ă© eficiente como combustĂvel para automĂłveis, mas nĂŁo pode ser utilizado para gerar eletricidade.
(C) the consumption of ethanol is expected to drop in the future – 2006 was a historical exception in energy demands. o consumo de etanol deverĂĄ cair no futuro – 2006 foi uma exceção histĂłrica na demanda energĂ©tica.
(D) the production of oil has boomed after 2006, as a result of the historical tendency for the manufacture of exclusive petroleum-driven motors. a produção de petrĂłleo cresceu a partir de 2006, como resultado da tendĂȘncia histĂłrica para a fabricação de motores exclusivamente movidos a petrĂłleo.
(E) it was important that Brazil be able to supply all its needs in generating energy, with renewable fuels like ethanol, hydroelectric power and petroleum. era importante que o Brasil conseguisse suprir todas as suas necessidades na geração de energia, com combustĂveis renovĂĄveis como etanol, energia hidrelĂ©trica e petrĂłleo.
14 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
In the sentence “…while power dams were left behind with a 14.7 percent share.” (lines 10-11), the word “while”
(A) anticipates a conclusion.
(B) presents an example.
(C) imposes a condition.
(D) expresses a contrast.
(E) introduces a reason.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) anticipates a conclusion. antecipa uma conclusĂŁo.
(B) presents an example. apresenta um exemplo.
(C) imposes a condition. impÔe uma condição.
(D) expresses a contrast. expressa um contraste.
(E) introduces a reason. apresenta um motivo.
(B) presents an example.
(C) imposes a condition.
(D) expresses a contrast.
(E) introduces a reason.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D
(A) anticipates a conclusion. antecipa uma conclusĂŁo.
(B) presents an example. apresenta um exemplo.
(C) imposes a condition. impÔe uma condição.
(D) expresses a contrast. expressa um contraste.
(E) introduces a reason. apresenta um motivo.
(E) apresenta um motivo.
15 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
Based on the meanings in the text, mark the only option in which the two words are antonymous.
(A) “combination” (line 8) - mixture
(B) “irreversible” (line 14) – changeable
(C) “valuable” (line 20) – worthy
(D) “trend” (line 23) – tendency
(E) “rose” (line 29) – increased
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) “combination” (line 8) - mixture
(B) “irreversible” (line 14) – changeable
(C) “valuable” (line 20) – worthy
(D) “trend” (line 23) – tendency
(E) “rose” (line 29) – increased
16 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
(B) “irreversible” (line 14) – changeable
(C) “valuable” (line 20) – worthy
(D) “trend” (line 23) – tendency
(E) “rose” (line 29) – increased
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
(A) “combination” (line 8) - mixture
(B) “irreversible” (line 14) – changeable
(C) “valuable” (line 20) – worthy
(D) “trend” (line 23) – tendency
(E) “rose” (line 29) – increased
16 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
All the boldfaced items refer to "Brazil", EXCEPT
(A) "gasoline consumption in the country dipped almost 4 percent to 18 billion liters."(lines 30-31)
(B) "Tolmasquim said it was important that Latin America's largest country was self-sufficient in the three main sources of energy,"(lines 32-34)
(C) "Brazil met its oil needs with domestic output for the first time in 2006."(lines 34-35)
(D) "It still needs to import some light crude to mix with heavy local crudes…"(lines 36-37)
(E) "but it also exports heavy oil."(line 37)
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) "gasoline consumption in the country dipped almost 4 percent to 18 billion liters."(lines 30-31)
(B) "Tolmasquim said it was important that Latin America's largest country was self-sufficient in the three main sources of energy,"(lines 32-34)
(C) "Brazil met its oil needs with domestic output for the first time in 2006."(lines 34-35)
(D) "It still needs to import some light crude to mix with heavy local crudes…"(lines 36-37)
(E) "but it also exports heavy oil."(line 37)
*No item (a),"the country" refere-se a "Brasil". Veja no texto "[...]while the usage of anhydrous ethanol that is mostly blended into gasoline sold in Brazil rose nearly 20 percent to 6.2 billion liters, EPE said. At the same time, gasoline consumption in the country dipped almost 4 percent to 18 billion liters.(Enquanto o uso de etanol anidro que Ă© principalmente misturado com gasolina vendida no Brasil aumentou quase 20% para 6,2 bilhĂ”es de litros, disse EPE. Ao mesmo tempo, o consumo de gasolina no paĂs diminuiu quase 4% para 18 bilhĂ”es de litros.)"
*No item (b) o pronome "it" nĂŁo se refere ao "Brasil" e sim a tudo que foi dito anteriormente por Tolmasquim.
*No item (c) o possessivo "its" refere-se a necessidade de Ăłleo no "Brasil".
*No item (d) o possessivo "it" refere-se a necessidade de importação de óleo cru no "Brasil".
*No item (e) o possessivo "it" refere-se a exportação de óleo no "Brasil".
17 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
(B) "Tolmasquim said it was important that Latin America's largest country was self-sufficient in the three main sources of energy,"(lines 32-34)
(C) "Brazil met its oil needs with domestic output for the first time in 2006."(lines 34-35)
(D) "It still needs to import some light crude to mix with heavy local crudes…"(lines 36-37)
(E) "but it also exports heavy oil."(line 37)
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
(A) "gasoline consumption in the country dipped almost 4 percent to 18 billion liters."(lines 30-31)
(B) "Tolmasquim said it was important that Latin America's largest country was self-sufficient in the three main sources of energy,"(lines 32-34)
(C) "Brazil met its oil needs with domestic output for the first time in 2006."(lines 34-35)
(D) "It still needs to import some light crude to mix with heavy local crudes…"(lines 36-37)
(E) "but it also exports heavy oil."(line 37)
*No item (a),"the country" refere-se a "Brasil". Veja no texto "[...]while the usage of anhydrous ethanol that is mostly blended into gasoline sold in Brazil rose nearly 20 percent to 6.2 billion liters, EPE said. At the same time, gasoline consumption in the country dipped almost 4 percent to 18 billion liters.(Enquanto o uso de etanol anidro que Ă© principalmente misturado com gasolina vendida no Brasil aumentou quase 20% para 6,2 bilhĂ”es de litros, disse EPE. Ao mesmo tempo, o consumo de gasolina no paĂs diminuiu quase 4% para 18 bilhĂ”es de litros.)"
*No item (b) o pronome "it" nĂŁo se refere ao "Brasil" e sim a tudo que foi dito anteriormente por Tolmasquim.
*No item (c) o possessivo "its" refere-se a necessidade de Ăłleo no "Brasil".
*No item (d) o possessivo "it" refere-se a necessidade de importação de óleo cru no "Brasil".
*No item (e) o possessivo "it" refere-se a exportação de óleo no "Brasil".
17 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
In terms of reference, it is correct to affirm that
(A) “14.7 percent share” (lines 10-11) – refers to the energy generated by biofuels and hydro-energy.
(B) “10.4 billion liters” (line 27) - refers to the consumption of hydrous ethanol in 2006.
(C) “4 percent” (line 31) – refers to the increase in gasoline consumption in 2007.
(D) “418,000 bpd” (line 39) – refers to amount of barrels of gasoline produced per day in Brazil.
(E) “44.9 percent” (line 47) – refers to the percentage that renewable energy sources represented in 2006.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) “14.7 percent share” (lines 10-11) – refers to the energy generated by biofuels and hydro-energy.
(B) “10.4 billion liters” (line 27) - refers to the consumption of hydrous ethanol in 2006.
(C) “4 percent” (line 31) – refers to the increase in gasoline consumption in 2007.
(D) “418,000 bpd” (line 39) – refers to amount of barrels of gasoline produced per day in Brazil.
(E) “44.9 percent” (line 47) – refers to the percentage that renewable energy sources represented in 2006.
18 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
(B) “10.4 billion liters” (line 27) - refers to the consumption of hydrous ethanol in 2006.
(C) “4 percent” (line 31) – refers to the increase in gasoline consumption in 2007.
(D) “418,000 bpd” (line 39) – refers to amount of barrels of gasoline produced per day in Brazil.
(E) “44.9 percent” (line 47) – refers to the percentage that renewable energy sources represented in 2006.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E
(A) “14.7 percent share” (lines 10-11) – refers to the energy generated by biofuels and hydro-energy.
(B) “10.4 billion liters” (line 27) - refers to the consumption of hydrous ethanol in 2006.
(C) “4 percent” (line 31) – refers to the increase in gasoline consumption in 2007.
(D) “418,000 bpd” (line 39) – refers to amount of barrels of gasoline produced per day in Brazil.
(E) “44.9 percent” (line 47) – refers to the percentage that renewable energy sources represented in 2006.
18 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
The fragment “The use of renewable energy sources in Brazil by far surpasses the world’s average of around 13 percent,” (lines 47-49) means that Brazil
(A) uses much more renewable energy than other countries in the world.
(B) uses just 13 percent of the renewable energy sources produced around the world.
(C) still has to go a long way to reach the global levels of renewable energy use.
(D) does not consume as much ethanol and plant-based biodiesel as other nations.
(E) cannot compete with the international production of ecofriendly fuels.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) uses much more renewable energy than other countries in the world.
(B) uses just 13 percent of the renewable energy sources produced around the world.
(C) still has to go a long way to reach the global levels of renewable energy use.
(D) does not consume as much ethanol and plant-based biodiesel as other nations.
(E) cannot compete with the international production of ecofriendly fuels.
(B) uses just 13 percent of the renewable energy sources produced around the world.
(C) still has to go a long way to reach the global levels of renewable energy use.
(D) does not consume as much ethanol and plant-based biodiesel as other nations.
(E) cannot compete with the international production of ecofriendly fuels.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
(A) uses much more renewable energy than other countries in the world.
(B) uses just 13 percent of the renewable energy sources produced around the world.
(C) still has to go a long way to reach the global levels of renewable energy use.
(D) does not consume as much ethanol and plant-based biodiesel as other nations.
(E) cannot compete with the international production of ecofriendly fuels.
❑ TEXTO 2:
Brazil is one of the largest producers of ethanol in the world and is the largest exporter of the fuel. O Brasil Ă© um dos maiores produtores de etanol do mundo e o maior exportador do combustĂvel.
In 2006, Brazil produced 308,000 bbl/d of ethanol. Em 2006, o Brasil produziu 308 mil barris/dia de etanol.
It is predicted that Brazil’s ethanol production will reach 329,000 bbl/d in 2007 and 365,000 bbl/d in 2008, as over half of all cars in the country are of the flex-fuel variety and all gasoline in Brazil contains ethanol. revĂȘ-se que a produção de etanol no Brasil atingirĂĄ 329.000 barris/dia em 2007 e 365.000 barris/dia em 2008, jĂĄ que mais da metade de todos os carros no paĂs sĂŁo da variedade flex-fuel e toda a gasolina no Brasil contĂ©m etanol.
Ethanol in Brazil comes from sugar cane, which prospers in the country’s tropical climate. O etanol no Brasil vem da cana-de-açĂșcar, que prospera no clima tropical do paĂs.
In recent years, Brazil has tried to increase ethanol exports, especially to the United States. Nos Ășltimos anos, o Brasil tem tentado aumentar as exportaçÔes de etanol, especialmente para os Estados Unidos.
In 2006, Brazil exported 29,600 bbl/d of ethanol to the United States, quadruple the amount exported to the U.S. in 2005. Em 2006, o Brasil exportou 29.600 barris/dia de etanol para os Estados Unidos, o quĂĄdruplo da quantidade exportada para os EUA em 2005.
To help facilitate additional exports, Petrobras announced a plan in early 2006 to build an ethanol pipeline from Goias, an interior area at the center of Brazil’s sugarcane production, to Sao Paulo. Para ajudar a facilitar exportaçÔes adicionais, a Petrobras anunciou um plano no inĂcio de 2006 para construir um gasoduto de etanol a partir de GoiĂĄs, uma ĂĄrea do interior no centro da produção de cana-de-açĂșcar do Brasil, atĂ© SĂŁo Paulo.
However, increasing domestic demand and high domestic prices may limit export growth. Contudo, o aumento da procura interna e os preços internos elevados podem limitar o crescimento das exportaçÔes.
In addition, Brazil’s ethanol exports face high tariffs in some markets, such as the 54 cent per gallon tariff in the United States. AlĂ©m disso, as exportaçÔes de etanol do Brasil enfrentam tarifas elevadas em alguns mercados, como a tarifa de 54 cĂȘntimos por galĂŁo nos Estados Unidos.
Energy Information Administration extracted from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Oil.html
19 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
According to Paragraph 2 in Text II, Brazilian exports of canebased ethanol
(A) was four times greater in 2005, considering only the US market.
(B) might be positively affected by the increase in domestic demand.
(C) can be influenced by the heavy taxation imposed by foreign countries.
(D) will be extended to other markets that will cover the price of 54 cents per gallon.
(E) will stimulate Petrobras to plan more oil production in Goias as well as in Sao Paulo.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
20 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
(B) might be positively affected by the increase in domestic demand.
(C) can be influenced by the heavy taxation imposed by foreign countries.
(D) will be extended to other markets that will cover the price of 54 cents per gallon.
(E) will stimulate Petrobras to plan more oil production in Goias as well as in Sao Paulo.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
De acordo com o parĂĄgrafo 2Âș do Texto II, as exportaçÔes brasileiras de etanol de cana
(A) was four times greater in 2005, considering only the US market. foi quatro vezes maior em 2005, considerando apenas o mercado norte-americano.
(B) might be positively affected by the increase in domestic demand. poderĂĄ ser positivamente afectado pelo aumento da procura interna.
(C) can be influenced by the heavy taxation imposed by foreign countries. pode ser influenciado pela pesada tributação imposta por paĂses estrangeiros.
(D) will be extended to other markets that will cover the price of 54 cents per gallon. serå estendido a outros mercados que cobrirão o preço de 54 centavos por galão.
(E) will stimulate Petrobras to plan more oil production in Goias as well as in Sao Paulo. estimularå a Petrobras a planejar mais produção de petróleo em Goiås e também em São Paulo.
(C) can be influenced by the heavy taxation imposed by foreign countries. pode ser influenciado pela pesada tributação imposta por paĂses estrangeiros.
(D) will be extended to other markets that will cover the price of 54 cents per gallon. serå estendido a outros mercados que cobrirão o preço de 54 centavos por galão.
(E) will stimulate Petrobras to plan more oil production in Goias as well as in Sao Paulo. estimularå a Petrobras a planejar mais produção de petróleo em Goiås e também em São Paulo.
20 – (CESGRANRIO-2008-PETROBRAS-SUPERIOR)
Comparing Text I and Text II, it is correct to say that
(A) both texts emphasize the importance of ethanol production and its expanding use as energy source in Brazil.
(B) both texts mention the low involvement of the Brazilian government in the production of sugar cane-based ethanol.
(C) both texts discuss the increasing consumption of ethanol in Brazil, but the second text has a very negative outlook on the production of ethanol in 2008.
(D) only the first text comments on the increase of ethanol exports, but Text I says 421, 000 bpd were daily exported, in 2006, and Text II mentions 29,600 bpd of global exports.
(E) only the second text mentions the significant demand for ethanol as a fuel for cars produced in Brazil over the last few years.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
TĂPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAĂĂO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(B) both texts mention the low involvement of the Brazilian government in the production of sugar cane-based ethanol.
(C) both texts discuss the increasing consumption of ethanol in Brazil, but the second text has a very negative outlook on the production of ethanol in 2008.
(D) only the first text comments on the increase of ethanol exports, but Text I says 421, 000 bpd were daily exported, in 2006, and Text II mentions 29,600 bpd of global exports.
(E) only the second text mentions the significant demand for ethanol as a fuel for cars produced in Brazil over the last few years.
đ ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
Comparando o Texto I e o Texto II, Ă© correto dizer que
(A) both texts emphasize the importance of ethanol production and its expanding use as energy source in Brazil. ambos os textos enfatizam a importùncia da produção de etanol e sua crescente utilização como fonte de energia no Brasil.
(B) both texts mention the low involvement of the Brazilian government in the production of sugar cane-based ethanol. ambos os textos mencionam o baixo envolvimento do governo brasileiro na produção de etanol Ă base de cana-de-açĂșcar.
(C) both texts discuss the increasing consumption of ethanol in Brazil, but the second text has a very negative outlook on the production of ethanol in 2008. ambos os textos discutem o aumento do consumo de etanol no Brasil, mas o segundo texto tem uma perspectiva muito negativa sobre a produção de etanol em 2008.
(D) only the first text comments on the increase of ethanol exports, but Text I says 421, 000 bpd were daily exported, in 2006, and Text II mentions 29,600 bpd of global exports. apenas o primeiro texto comenta o aumento das exportaçÔes de etanol, mas o Texto I diz que foram exportados 421 mil bpd diariamente, em 2006, e o Texto II menciona 29,6 mil bpd de exportaçÔes globais.
(E) only the second text mentions the significant demand for ethanol as a fuel for cars produced in Brazil over the last few years. apenas o segundo texto menciona a significativa demanda por etanol como combustĂvel para automĂłveis produzidos no Brasil nos Ășltimos anos.
(C) both texts discuss the increasing consumption of ethanol in Brazil, but the second text has a very negative outlook on the production of ethanol in 2008. ambos os textos discutem o aumento do consumo de etanol no Brasil, mas o segundo texto tem uma perspectiva muito negativa sobre a produção de etanol em 2008.
(D) only the first text comments on the increase of ethanol exports, but Text I says 421, 000 bpd were daily exported, in 2006, and Text II mentions 29,600 bpd of global exports. apenas o primeiro texto comenta o aumento das exportaçÔes de etanol, mas o Texto I diz que foram exportados 421 mil bpd diariamente, em 2006, e o Texto II menciona 29,6 mil bpd de exportaçÔes globais.
(E) only the second text mentions the significant demand for ethanol as a fuel for cars produced in Brazil over the last few years. apenas o segundo texto menciona a significativa demanda por etanol como combustĂvel para automĂłveis produzidos no Brasil nos Ășltimos anos.
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