www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br
❑ PROVA DE LĂNGUA INGLESA:
• FGV/PROJETOS-2015-CIA. DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONĂMICO DE MINAS GERAIS-ADVOGADO-Prova aplicada em 20/12/2015.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
- 30 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
PROVA
❑ PROVA:
❑ TRADUĂĂO-TEXTO 1:
- http://www.freeimages.com/photo/ouro-preto-1170501
Mining Tourism in Ouro Preto
Turismo Mineiro em Ouro Preto
[1]Ouro Preto is surrounded by a rich and varied natural environment with waterfalls, hiking trails and native vegetation partially protected as state parks. Parts of these resources are used for tourism. Paradoxically, this ecosystem contrasts with the human occupation of the region that produced, after centuries, a rich history and a cultural connection to mining, its oldest economic activity which triggered occupation. The region has an unlimited potential for tourism, especially in specific segments such as mining heritage tourism, in association or not with the existing ecotourism market. In fact, in Ouro Preto, tourism, history, geology and mining are often hard to distinguish; such is the inter-relationship between these segments.
Ouro Preto Ă© cercada por um ambiente natural rico e variado com cachoeiras, trilhas para caminhadas e vegetação nativa parcialmente protegida como parques estaduais. Partes desses recursos sĂŁo usadas para o turismo. Paradoxalmente, esse ecossistema contrasta com a ocupação humana da regiĂŁo que produziu, apĂłs sĂ©culos, uma rica histĂłria e uma conexĂŁo cultural com a mineração, sua atividade econĂŽmica mais antiga que desencadeou a ocupação. A regiĂŁo tem um potencial ilimitado para o turismo, especialmente em segmentos especĂficos como o turismo de patrimĂŽnio minerĂĄrio, associado ou nĂŁo ao mercado de ecoturismo existente. De fato, em Ouro Preto, turismo, histĂłria, geologia e mineração sĂŁo frequentemente difĂceis de distinguir; tal Ă© a inter-relação entre esses segmentos.
[2]
For centuries, a major problem of mining has been the reuse of the affected areas. Modern mining projects proposed solutions to this problem right from the initial stages of operation, which did not happen until recently. As a result, most quarries and other old mining areas that do not have an appropriate destination represent serious environmental problems. Mining tourism utilizing exhausted mines is a source of employment and income. Tourism activities may even contribute to the recovery of degraded areas in various ways, such as reforestation for leisure purposes, or their transformation into history museums where aspects of local mining are interpreted.
[2]
For centuries, a major problem of mining has been the reuse of the affected areas. Modern mining projects proposed solutions to this problem right from the initial stages of operation, which did not happen until recently. As a result, most quarries and other old mining areas that do not have an appropriate destination represent serious environmental problems. Mining tourism utilizing exhausted mines is a source of employment and income. Tourism activities may even contribute to the recovery of degraded areas in various ways, such as reforestation for leisure purposes, or their transformation into history museums where aspects of local mining are interpreted.
Durante sĂ©culos, um grande problema da mineração tem sido a reutilização das ĂĄreas afetadas. Projetos modernos de mineração propuseram soluçÔes para esse problema desde os estĂĄgios iniciais da operação, o que nĂŁo aconteceu atĂ© recentemente. Como resultado, a maioria das pedreiras e outras ĂĄreas de mineração antigas que nĂŁo tĂȘm um destino apropriado representam sĂ©rios problemas ambientais. O turismo de mineração utilizando minas exauridas Ă© uma fonte de emprego e renda. As atividades turĂsticas podem atĂ© contribuir para a recuperação de ĂĄreas degradadas de vĂĄrias maneiras, como o reflorestamento para fins de lazer, ou sua transformação em museus de histĂłria onde aspectos da mineração local sĂŁo interpretados.
[3]
Minas Gerais, and particularly Ouro Preto, provides the strong and rich cultural and historical content needed for the transformation of mining remnants into attractive tourism products, especially when combined with the existing cultural tourism of the region. Although mining tourism is explored in various parts of the world in extremely different social, economic, cultural and natural contexts, in Brazil it is still not a strategy readily adopted as an alternative for areas affected by mining activities.
[3]
Minas Gerais, and particularly Ouro Preto, provides the strong and rich cultural and historical content needed for the transformation of mining remnants into attractive tourism products, especially when combined with the existing cultural tourism of the region. Although mining tourism is explored in various parts of the world in extremely different social, economic, cultural and natural contexts, in Brazil it is still not a strategy readily adopted as an alternative for areas affected by mining activities.
Minas Gerais, e particularmente Ouro Preto, fornece o forte e rico conteĂșdo cultural e histĂłrico necessĂĄrio para a transformação de remanescentes de mineração em produtos turĂsticos atrativos, especialmente quando combinados com o turismo cultural existente na regiĂŁo. Embora o turismo de mineração seja explorado em vĂĄrias partes do mundo em contextos sociais, econĂŽmicos, culturais e naturais extremamente diferentes, no Brasil ainda nĂŁo Ă© uma estratĂ©gia prontamente adotada como alternativa para ĂĄreas afetadas por atividades de mineração.
- (Lohmann, G. M.; Flecha, A. C.; Knupp, M. E. C. G.; Liccardo, A. (2011). Mining tourism in Ouro Preto, Brazil: opportunities and challenges. In: M. V. Conlin; L. Jolliffe (eds). Mining heritage and tourism: a global synthesis. New York: Routledge, pp. 194-202.)
16 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)
Mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) according to Text 1.
( ) Tourism may actually be quite beneficial to some degraded mining areas.
( ) Mining tourism has recently been promptly embraced by Brazilian regions.
( ) Ouro Preto is attracting people because mining is one of its most recent activities.
The correct sequence is:
(A) F – T – T;
(B) F – F – T;
(C) F – T – F;
(D) T – T – F;
(E) T – F – F.
(B) F – F – T;
(C) F – T – F;
(D) T – T – F;
(E) T – F – F.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
17 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) Text 1 refers to
- "hiking trails"(l.2),
which are primarily intended for:
(A) cycling;
(B) skating;
(C) walking;
(D) driving;
(E) shooting.
(B) skating;
(C) walking;
(D) driving;
(E) shooting.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
18 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The opposite of the underlined word in
- "are often hard to distinguish" (l. 11)
is:
(A) seldom;
(B) always;
(C) at times;
(D) generally;
(E) frequently.
(B) always;
(C) at times;
(D) generally;
(E) frequently.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
TĂPICO - ADVĂRBIOS DE FREQUĂNCIA :
O OPOSTO da palavra sublinhada em "are often hard to distinguish"(muitas vezes Ă© difĂcil de distinguir) Ă©:
(A) seldom (raramente);
(B) always (sempre);
(C) at times (Ă s vezes);
(D) generally (geralmente);
(E) frequently (freqĂŒentemente).
O OPOSTO da palavra sublinhada em "are often hard to distinguish"(muitas vezes Ă© difĂcil de distinguir) Ă©:
(A) seldom (raramente);
(B) always (sempre);
(C) at times (Ă s vezes);
(D) generally (geralmente);
(E) frequently (freqĂŒentemente).
19 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The problem referred to in
- "solutions to this problem"(l. 14-15)
is:
(A) using old machinery;
(B) cleaning the environment;
(C) opening new digging sites;
(D) reclaiming damaged areas;
(E) digging in unsuitable places.
(B) cleaning the environment;
(C) opening new digging sites;
(D) reclaiming damaged areas;
(E) digging in unsuitable places.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
05 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The sentence that best explains
- "Mining tourism utilizing exhausted mines is a source of employment and income."(l. 18-19)
is:
(A) wasted mines can generate jobs and money;
(B) tourism is supported by miners and their families;
(C) visiting wasted mines can drain the energy of tourists;
(D) using damaged mines for tourism may be rather unsafe;
(E) mining tourism deprives people of their work and resources.
(B) tourism is supported by miners and their families;
(C) visiting wasted mines can drain the energy of tourists;
(D) using damaged mines for tourism may be rather unsafe;
(E) mining tourism deprives people of their work and resources.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
20 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)
- The phrase "As a result" (l. 16)
can be replaced by:
(A) Yet;
(B) Hence;
(C) Though;
(D) Anyhow;
(E) However.
(B) Hence;
(C) Though;
(D) Anyhow;
(E) However.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ TRADUĂĂO-TEXTO 2:
Innovation is the new key to survival
A inovação Ă© a nova chave para a sobrevivĂȘncia
[1]
At its most basic, innovation presents an optimal strategy for controlling costs. Companies that have invested in such technologies as remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains have reduced expenses by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously driving up productivity.
Em seu nĂvel mais bĂĄsico, a inovação apresenta uma estratĂ©gia Ăłtima para controlar custos. Empresas que investiram em tecnologias como mineração remota, equipamentos autĂŽnomos e caminhĂ”es e trens sem motorista reduziram despesas em ordens de magnitude, ao mesmo tempo em que aumentaram a produtividade.
[2]
Em seu nĂvel mais bĂĄsico, a inovação apresenta uma estratĂ©gia Ăłtima para controlar custos. Empresas que investiram em tecnologias como mineração remota, equipamentos autĂŽnomos e caminhĂ”es e trens sem motorista reduziram despesas em ordens de magnitude, ao mesmo tempo em que aumentaram a produtividade.
[2]
Yet, gazing towards the horizon, it is rapidly becoming clear that innovation can do much more than reduce capital intensity. Approached strategically, it also has the power to reduce people and energy intensity, while increasing mining intensity.
No entanto, olhando para o horizonte, estå rapidamente se tornando claro que a inovação pode fazer muito mais do que reduzir a intensidade de capital. Abordada estrategicamente, ela também tem o poder de reduzir a intensidade de pessoas e energia, ao mesmo tempo em que aumenta a intensidade da mineração.
Capturing the learnings
[3]
The key is to think of innovation as much more than research and development (R&D) around particular processes or technologies. Companies can, in fact, innovate in multiple ways, such as leveraging supplier knowledge around specific operational challenges, redefining their participation in the energy value chain or finding new ways to engage and partner with major stakeholders and constituencies.
Capturing the learnings
[3]
The key is to think of innovation as much more than research and development (R&D) around particular processes or technologies. Companies can, in fact, innovate in multiple ways, such as leveraging supplier knowledge around specific operational challenges, redefining their participation in the energy value chain or finding new ways to engage and partner with major stakeholders and constituencies.
A chave Ă© pensar na inovação como muito mais do que pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) em torno de processos ou tecnologias particulares. As empresas podem, de fato, inovar de vĂĄrias maneiras, como alavancar o conhecimento do fornecedor em torno de desafios operacionais especĂficos, redefinir sua participação na cadeia de valor de energia ou encontrar novas maneiras de se envolver e fazer parcerias com as principais partes interessadas e constituintes.
[4]
To reap these rewards, however, mining companies must overcome their traditionally conservative tendencies. In many cases, miners struggle to adopt technologies proven to work at other mining companies, let alone those from other industries. As a result, innovation becomes less of a technology problem and more of an adoption problem.
[4]
To reap these rewards, however, mining companies must overcome their traditionally conservative tendencies. In many cases, miners struggle to adopt technologies proven to work at other mining companies, let alone those from other industries. As a result, innovation becomes less of a technology problem and more of an adoption problem.
Para colher essas recompensas, no entanto, as empresas de mineração devem superar suas tendĂȘncias tradicionalmente conservadoras. Em muitos casos, os mineradores lutam para adotar tecnologias comprovadamente eficazes em outras empresas de mineração, muito menos em outras indĂșstrias. Como resultado, a inovação se torna menos um problema de tecnologia e mais um problema de adoção.
[5]
By breaking this mindset, mining companies can free themselves to adapt practical applications that already exist in other industries and apply them to fit their current needs. For instance, the tunnel boring machines used by civil engineers to excavate the Chunnel can vastly reduce miners’ reliance on explosives. Until recently, those machines were too large to apply in a mining setting. Some innovators, however, are now incorporating the underlying technology to build smaller machines—effectively adapting mature solutions from other industries to realize more rapid results.
Ao quebrar essa mentalidade, as empresas de mineração podem se libertar para adaptar aplicaçÔes prĂĄticas que jĂĄ existem em outras indĂșstrias e aplicĂĄ-las para atender Ă s suas necessidades atuais. Por exemplo, as mĂĄquinas de perfuração de tĂșneis usadas por engenheiros civis para escavar o TĂșnel podem reduzir muito a dependĂȘncia dos mineradores em explosivos. AtĂ© recentemente, essas mĂĄquinas eram grandes demais para serem aplicadas em um ambiente de mineração. Alguns inovadores, no entanto, agora estĂŁo incorporando a tecnologia subjacente para construir mĂĄquinas menores — adaptando efetivamente soluçÔes maduras de outras indĂșstrias para obter resultados mais rĂĄpidos.
[5]
By breaking this mindset, mining companies can free themselves to adapt practical applications that already exist in other industries and apply them to fit their current needs. For instance, the tunnel boring machines used by civil engineers to excavate the Chunnel can vastly reduce miners’ reliance on explosives. Until recently, those machines were too large to apply in a mining setting. Some innovators, however, are now incorporating the underlying technology to build smaller machines—effectively adapting mature solutions from other industries to realize more rapid results.
Ao quebrar essa mentalidade, as empresas de mineração podem se libertar para adaptar aplicaçÔes prĂĄticas que jĂĄ existem em outras indĂșstrias e aplicĂĄ-las para atender Ă s suas necessidades atuais. Por exemplo, as mĂĄquinas de perfuração de tĂșneis usadas por engenheiros civis para escavar o TĂșnel podem reduzir muito a dependĂȘncia dos mineradores em explosivos. AtĂ© recentemente, essas mĂĄquinas eram grandes demais para serem aplicadas em um ambiente de mineração. Alguns inovadores, no entanto, agora estĂŁo incorporando a tecnologia subjacente para construir mĂĄquinas menores — adaptando efetivamente soluçÔes maduras de outras indĂșstrias para obter resultados mais rĂĄpidos.
Re-imagining the future
Reimaginando o futuro
[6]
At the same time, innovation mandates companies to think in entirely new ways. Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting higher grades and achieving faster throughput by optimizing the pit, schedule, product mix and logistics. A truly innovative mindset, however, will see them adopt an entirely new design paradigm that leverages new information, mining and energy technologies to maximize value.
At the same time, innovation mandates companies to think in entirely new ways. Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting higher grades and achieving faster throughput by optimizing the pit, schedule, product mix and logistics. A truly innovative mindset, however, will see them adopt an entirely new design paradigm that leverages new information, mining and energy technologies to maximize value.
Ao mesmo tempo, a inovação obriga as empresas a pensar de maneiras inteiramente novas. Tradicionalmente, por exemplo, os mineradores tĂȘm se concentrado em extrair maiores teores e atingir um rendimento mais rĂĄpido otimizando o poço, o cronograma, o mix de produtos e a logĂstica. Uma mentalidade verdadeiramente inovadora, no entanto, os verĂĄ adotar um paradigma de design inteiramente novo que alavanca novas informaçÔes, tecnologias de mineração e energia para maximizar o valor.
[7]
Approached in this way, innovation can drive more than cost reduction. It can help mining companies mitigate and manage risks, strengthen business models and foster more effective community and government relations. It can help mining services companies enhance their value to the industry by developing new products and services. Longer-term, it can even position organizations to move the needle on such endemic issues as corporate social responsibility, environmental performance and sustainability.
[7]
Approached in this way, innovation can drive more than cost reduction. It can help mining companies mitigate and manage risks, strengthen business models and foster more effective community and government relations. It can help mining services companies enhance their value to the industry by developing new products and services. Longer-term, it can even position organizations to move the needle on such endemic issues as corporate social responsibility, environmental performance and sustainability.
Abordada dessa forma, a inovação pode impulsionar mais do que a redução de custos. Ela pode ajudar as empresas de mineração a mitigar e gerenciar riscos, fortalecer modelos de negĂłcios e promover relaçÔes mais efetivas com a comunidade e o governo. Ela pode ajudar as empresas de serviços de mineração a aumentar seu valor para a indĂșstria desenvolvendo novos produtos e serviços. A longo prazo, ela pode atĂ© mesmo posicionar as organizaçÔes para mover a agulha em questĂ”es endĂȘmicas como responsabilidade social corporativa, desempenho ambiental e sustentabilidade.
- (http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ru/Document s/energy-resources/ru_er_tracking_the_trends_2015_eng.pdf)
22 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)
When companies invest in “remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains” (l. 3-4), it is clear that their goal is to:
(A) downsize the pay roll;
(B) decrease the speed of extraction;
(C) learn more technological strategies;
(D) buy machines which require man-power;
(E) spend more in equipment maintenance.
(B) decrease the speed of extraction;
(C) learn more technological strategies;
(D) buy machines which require man-power;
(E) spend more in equipment maintenance.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
When companies invest in "remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains"(l.3-4), it is clear that their goal is to
Quando as empresas investem em "mineração remota, equipamentos autÎnomos e trens e caminhÔes automåticos"(l.3-4), é claro que seu objetivo é:
(A) downsize the pay roll.
(A) downsize the pay roll.
REDUZIR a folha de pagamento.
>>De acordo com o trecho que defende a redução de custos:
>>De acordo com o trecho que defende a redução de custos:
- "[...] At its most basic, innovation presents an optimal strategy for controlling costs. Companies that have invested in such technologies as remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains have reduced expenses by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously driving up productivity.
- Na sua forma mais båsica, a inovação APRESENTA uma estratégia ótima para o controle de custos. As empresas que investiram em tecnologias como mineração remota, equipamentos autÎnomos e trens e caminhÔes sem motoristas, REDUZIRAM as despesas por ordens de grandeza, ao mesmo tempo em que AUMENTARAM a produtividade"
DIMINUIR a velocidade de extração;
(C) learn more technological strategies.
(C) learn more technological strategies.
APRENDER mais estratégias tecnológicas;
(D) buy machines which require man-power.
(D) buy machines which require man-power.
COMPRAR mĂĄquinas que exigem MĂO DE OBRA.
*man-power=mĂŁo-de-obra
(E) spend more in equipment maintenance.
*man-power=mĂŁo-de-obra
(E) spend more in equipment maintenance.
GASTAR mais em manutenção de equipamentos.
23 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)
- The fragment "To reap these rewards" (l. 17)
means to:
(A) maintain old practices;
(B) get unexpected results;
(C) achieve desired benefits;
(D) offer better job conditions;
(E) win international competitions.
(B) get unexpected results;
(C) achieve desired benefits;
(D) offer better job conditions;
(E) win international competitions.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
- "To reap these rewards" (l. 17)
- "Para COLHER estas recompensas"
significa
(A) maintain old practices...MANTER prĂĄticas antigas;
(B) get unexpected results...OBTER resultados inesperados;
(C) achieve desired benefits...ALCANĂAR benefĂcios desejados;
(D) offer better job conditions...OFERECER melhores condiçÔes de trabalho;
(E) win international competitions...VENCER competiçÔes internacionais.
(A) maintain old practices...MANTER prĂĄticas antigas;
(B) get unexpected results...OBTER resultados inesperados;
(C) achieve desired benefits...ALCANĂAR benefĂcios desejados;
(D) offer better job conditions...OFERECER melhores condiçÔes de trabalho;
(E) win international competitions...VENCER competiçÔes internacionais.
24 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The verb "reduce" in
- "reduce capital intensity" (l.7)
has the same meaning as:
(A) cut in;
(B) cut off;
(C) cut out;
(D) cut loose;
(E) cut back on.
(B) cut off;
(C) cut out;
(D) cut loose;
(E) cut back on.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
*O item (A) é incorreto, pois "cut in" pode ser "jump the line"(cortar fila) ou "to interrupt the conversation"(cortar ou interromper a fala de alguém).
*O item (B) é incorreto, pois "cut off" tem sentido literal de cortar algo "Why did you cut off all your hair...the tree branch?" e tem sentido figurado de cortar financiamento "Why did you cut off our funding?",cortar alguém no trùnsito "That taxi cut me off on the highway.",desconectar um serviço "All contact was cut off."
*O item (C) Ă© incorreto, pois "cut out" tem sentido figurado de excluir/parar com algo "I cut out eating ice cream...using Cable TV."
*O item (D) é incorreto, pois "cut loose" tem sentido figurado de se livrar de algo ou alguém,if a person or organization cuts loose, they separate themselves from another person or organization."Jenny cut loose from her sponsors and decided to try to fund herself instead.".
*O item (E) Ă© CORRETO, pois "cut back on" means "REDUCE expenditure"(diminuir despesa),"The government has decided to cut back on spending on the armed forces.".
*O item (A) é incorreto, pois "cut in" pode ser "jump the line"(cortar fila) ou "to interrupt the conversation"(cortar ou interromper a fala de alguém).
*O item (B) é incorreto, pois "cut off" tem sentido literal de cortar algo "Why did you cut off all your hair...the tree branch?" e tem sentido figurado de cortar financiamento "Why did you cut off our funding?",cortar alguém no trùnsito "That taxi cut me off on the highway.",desconectar um serviço "All contact was cut off."
*O item (C) Ă© incorreto, pois "cut out" tem sentido figurado de excluir/parar com algo "I cut out eating ice cream...using Cable TV."
*O item (D) é incorreto, pois "cut loose" tem sentido figurado de se livrar de algo ou alguém,if a person or organization cuts loose, they separate themselves from another person or organization."Jenny cut loose from her sponsors and decided to try to fund herself instead.".
*O item (E) Ă© CORRETO, pois "cut back on" means "REDUCE expenditure"(diminuir despesa),"The government has decided to cut back on spending on the armed forces.".
25 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The word "them" in
- "apply them to fit" (l.25)
refers to:
(A) current needs;
(B) other industries;
(C) mining companies;
(D) practical applications;
(E) tunnel boring machines.
(B) other industries;
(C) mining companies;
(D) practical applications;
(E) tunnel boring machines.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
26 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) "For instance" in
- "Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting" (l. 34-35)
is used to:
(A) justify;
(B) explain;
(C) exemplify;
(D) enumerate;
(E) summarize.
(B) explain;
(C) exemplify;
(D) enumerate;
(E) summarize.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
"For instance" in
- "Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting"
- "Tradicionalmente, por exemplo, os mineradores tĂȘm se concentrado em extrair".
is used to:
(A) justify; justificar, esclarecer
(B) explain; explicar
(C) exemplify; exemplificar, ilustrar
(D) enumerate; enumerar
(E) summarize. resumir,sumariar
(B) explain; explicar
(C) exemplify; exemplificar, ilustrar
(D) enumerate; enumerar
(E) summarize. resumir,sumariar
❑ TRADUĂĂO-TEXTO 3:
Sustainable mining – oxymoron or a way of the future?
Mineração sustentĂĄvel – um paradoxo ou um caminho para o futuro?
Mineração Ă© uma atividade que persiste desde o inĂcio do uso de ferramentas pelos humanos. No entanto, pode-se argumentar que cavar um grande buraco no chĂŁo e vender os recursos finitos que saem desse buraco nĂŁo Ă© sustentĂĄvel, especialmente quando a escavação envolve o uso de outros recursos finitos (por exemplo, combustĂveis) e produz muitos gases de efeito estufa.
The counter argument could go along the lines that minerals are not being lost or destroyed through mining and mineral processing – the elements are being shifted around, and converted into new forms. Metals can even be extracted from waste, seawater or even sewage, and recycled. But a more simple argument is possible: a mine can be sustainable if it is economically, socially and environmentally beneficial in the short and long term. To be sustainable, the positive benefits of mining should outweigh any negative impacts. […]
Social positives are often associated with mines in regional areas, such as providing better amenities in a nearby town, or providing employment (an economic and social positive). Social negatives can also occur, such as dust, noise, traffic and visual amenity.
The counter argument could go along the lines that minerals are not being lost or destroyed through mining and mineral processing – the elements are being shifted around, and converted into new forms. Metals can even be extracted from waste, seawater or even sewage, and recycled. But a more simple argument is possible: a mine can be sustainable if it is economically, socially and environmentally beneficial in the short and long term. To be sustainable, the positive benefits of mining should outweigh any negative impacts. […]
Social positives are often associated with mines in regional areas, such as providing better amenities in a nearby town, or providing employment (an economic and social positive). Social negatives can also occur, such as dust, noise, traffic and visual amenity.
O contra-argumento poderia seguir a linha de que os minerais nĂŁo estĂŁo sendo perdidos ou destruĂdos pela mineração e processamento de minerais – os elementos estĂŁo sendo deslocados e convertidos em novas formas. Metais podem atĂ© ser extraĂdos de resĂduos, ĂĄgua do mar ou mesmo esgoto, e reciclados. Mas um argumento mais simples Ă© possĂvel: uma mina pode ser sustentĂĄvel se for econĂŽmica, social e ambientalmente benĂ©fica a curto e longo prazo. Para ser sustentĂĄvel, os benefĂcios positivos da mineração devem superar quaisquer impactos negativos. […]
Positivos sociais sĂŁo frequentemente associados a minas em ĂĄreas regionais, como fornecer melhores comodidades em uma cidade prĂłxima ou fornecer emprego (um positivo econĂŽmico e social). Negativos sociais tambĂ©m podem ocorrer, como poeira, ruĂdo, trĂĄfego e amenidade visual.
These are commonly debated and, whilst sometimes controversial, can be managed with sufficient corporate commitment, stakeholder engagement, and enough time to work through the issues. Time is the key parameter - it may take several years for a respectful process of community input, but as long as it is possible for social negatives to be outweighed by social positives, then the project will be socially sustainable.Elas sĂŁo comumente debatidas e, embora Ă s vezes controversas, podem ser gerenciadas com comprometimento corporativo suficiente, engajamento das partes interessadas e tempo suficiente para trabalhar as questĂ”es. O tempo Ă© o parĂąmetro-chave - pode levar vĂĄrios anos para um processo respeitoso de contribuição da comunidade, mas, desde que seja possĂvel que os negativos sociais sejam superados pelos positivos sociais, o projeto serĂĄ socialmente sustentĂĄvel.
It is most likely that a mine development will have some environmental negatives, such as direct impacts on flora and fauna through clearing of vegetation and habitat within the mine footprint. Some mines will have impacts which extend beyond the mine site, such as disruption to groundwater, production of silt and disposal of waste. Certainly these impacts will need to be managed throughout the mine life, along with robust rehabilitation and closure planning. Ă mais provĂĄvel que o desenvolvimento de uma mina tenha alguns negativos ambientais, como impactos diretos na flora e fauna por meio da limpeza da vegetação e do habitat dentro da pegada da mina. Algumas minas terĂŁo impactos que se estendem alĂ©m do local da mina, como interrupção de ĂĄguas subterrĂąneas, produção de lodo e descarte de resĂduos. Certamente esses impactos precisarĂŁo ser gerenciados durante toda a vida da mina, juntamente com um planejamento robusto de reabilitação e fechamento.
It is most likely that a mine development will have some environmental negatives, such as direct impacts on flora and fauna through clearing of vegetation and habitat within the mine footprint. Some mines will have impacts which extend beyond the mine site, such as disruption to groundwater, production of silt and disposal of waste. Certainly these impacts will need to be managed throughout the mine life, along with robust rehabilitation and closure planning. Ă mais provĂĄvel que o desenvolvimento de uma mina tenha alguns negativos ambientais, como impactos diretos na flora e fauna por meio da limpeza da vegetação e do habitat dentro da pegada da mina. Algumas minas terĂŁo impactos que se estendem alĂ©m do local da mina, como interrupção de ĂĄguas subterrĂąneas, produção de lodo e descarte de resĂduos. Certamente esses impactos precisarĂŁo ser gerenciados durante toda a vida da mina, juntamente com um planejamento robusto de reabilitação e fechamento.
The real turning point will come when mining companies go beyond environmental compliance to create ‘heritage projects’ that can enhance the environmental or social benefits in a substantial way – by more than the environmental offsets needed just to make up for the negatives created by the mine. In order to foster these innovative mining heritage projects we need to promote ‘sustainability assessments’ - not just ‘environmental assessments’. This will lead to a more mature appreciation of the whole system whereby the economic and social factors, as well as environmental factors, are considered in a holistic manner.
O verdadeiro ponto de virada virĂĄ quando as empresas de mineração forem alĂ©m da conformidade ambiental para criar "projetos de patrimĂŽnio" que podem aumentar os benefĂcios ambientais ou sociais de forma substancial - por mais do que as compensaçÔes ambientais necessĂĄrias apenas para compensar os negativos criados pela mina. Para promover esses projetos inovadores de patrimĂŽnio de mineração, precisamos promover "avaliaçÔes de sustentabilidade" - nĂŁo apenas "avaliaçÔes ambientais". Isso levarĂĄ a uma apreciação mais madura de todo o sistema, por meio da qual os fatores econĂŽmicos e sociais, bem como os fatores ambientais, sĂŁo considerados de forma holĂstica.
(adapted from https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/westernaustralia-division/sustainable-mining-oxymoron-or-way-future. Retrieved on August 10, 2015)
27 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) As regards the content of Text 3, analyse the assertions below:
I - It is well-known that the resources extracted from mines are endless.
II - The social negative impacts of mining may be minimized as time goes by.
III - Sustainable assessment has a wider field of action than environmental assessment.
IV - There is agreement that negative impacts of mining are restricted to the site.
II - The social negative impacts of mining may be minimized as time goes by.
III - Sustainable assessment has a wider field of action than environmental assessment.
IV - There is agreement that negative impacts of mining are restricted to the site.
The correct sentences are only:
(A) I and II;
(B) I and IV;
(C) II and III;
(D) II and IV;
(E) III and IV.
(B) I and IV;
(C) II and III;
(D) II and IV;
(E) III and IV.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
28 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The title suggests that the expression "sustainable mining" may:
(A) imply anger;
(B) be contradictory;
(C) sound repetitive;
(D) reveal impatience;
(E) seem rather boring.
(B) be contradictory;
(C) sound repetitive;
(D) reveal impatience;
(E) seem rather boring.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
29 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) When Text 3 informs that elements can be
- "shifted around"(l.9),
it means they can be:
(A) discarded from the mining pit;
(B) maintained in the same setting;
(C) unearthed from the digging site;
(D) stabilized into different elements;
(E) moved from one place to another.
(B) maintained in the same setting;
(C) unearthed from the digging site;
(D) stabilized into different elements;
(E) moved from one place to another.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito E
30 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)
The excerpt "one might argue"(l.2) expresses:
(A) denial;
(B) advice;
(C) ability;
(D) possibility;
(E) improbability.
(B) advice;
(C) ability;
(D) possibility;
(E) improbability.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D
The excerpt "one might argue"(l.2) expresses:
O trecho “alguĂ©m pode argumentar” (l.2) expressa:
(A) denial;
(B) advice;
(C) ability;
(D) possibility;
(E) improbability.
(B) advice;
(C) ability;
(D) possibility;
(E) improbability.
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