• ESCOLA PREPARATĂRIA DE CADETES DO AR
- 16 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.
- Texto – | Most Common Prejudices | https://aloftyexistence.wordpress.com |
Most Common Prejudices
Preconceitos mais comuns
What are some of the most common ways people discriminate against each other? Some of the areas where people show their intolerance are wellknown, such as race. But others are less acknowledged1, even if more common:
Quais são algumas das formas mais comuns pelas quais as pessoas discriminam umas às outras? Algumas das åreas onde as pessoas mostram a sua intolerùncia são bem conhecidas, como a raça. Mas outros são menos reconhecidos1, mesmo que mais comuns:
Age: Ageism is more common than you think. Older people are thought to be inflexible and stuck2 in the past, while younger people are seen as inexperienced and naive. One-fifth of working adults say they experience ageism in the workplace.Idade: O preconceito de idade Ă© mais comum do que vocĂȘ pensa. As pessoas mais velhas sĂŁo consideradas inflexĂveis e presas2 ao passado, enquanto as pessoas mais jovens sĂŁo vistas como inexperientes e ingĂ©nuas. Um quinto dos adultos que trabalham afirmam sofrer preconceito de idade no local de trabalho.
Class: Classism usually takes the form of discrimination by wealthier people against those who are less well off. However, classism goes both ways— people of lower economic status can see the wealthy as elite snobs who, while monetarily secure, are morally bankrupt.
Classe: O classismo geralmente assume a forma de discriminação por parte das pessoas mais ricas contra aquelas que estĂŁo em condiçÔes menos favorecidas. No entanto, o classismo funciona nos dois sentidos – as pessoas com um estatuto econĂłmico mais baixo podem ver os ricos como esnobes da elite que, embora financeiramente seguros, estĂŁo moralmente falidos.
Color: Different from racism, colorism is discrimination based only on the color of a person's skin; how relatively dark or light they are. Colorism takes place within and between races. It is common in multi-ethnic and non-white societies and societies with historical racial prejudice.
Color: Different from racism, colorism is discrimination based only on the color of a person's skin; how relatively dark or light they are. Colorism takes place within and between races. It is common in multi-ethnic and non-white societies and societies with historical racial prejudice.
Cor: Diferente do racismo, o colorismo é a discriminação baseada apenas na cor da pele de uma pessoa; quão relativamente escuros ou claros eles são. O colorismo ocorre dentro e entre raças. à comum em sociedades multiétnicas e não brancas e em sociedades com preconceito racial histórico.
Ability: Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of prejudice is discrimination against people with visible disabilities such as those in wheelchairs or with a learning disability. The disabled face discrimination not only from their peers4, but from institutions, schools, employers, and landowners5 who are hesitant to accommodate the disabled.
Ability: Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of prejudice is discrimination against people with visible disabilities such as those in wheelchairs or with a learning disability. The disabled face discrimination not only from their peers4, but from institutions, schools, employers, and landowners5 who are hesitant to accommodate the disabled.
Habilidade: Geralmente chamada de capacidade, uma forma menos conhecida de preconceito Ă© a discriminação contra pessoas com deficiĂȘncias visĂveis, como cadeiras de rodas ou com dificuldades de aprendizagem. As pessoas com deficiĂȘncia enfrentam discriminação nĂŁo sĂł por parte dos seus pares4, mas tambĂ©m por parte de instituiçÔes, escolas, empregadores e proprietĂĄrios de terras5 que hesitam em acomodar as pessoas com deficiĂȘncia.
Sex/Gender: Possibly the most universal and long running prejudice is that based on a person's gender or sex. Historically, sexism has placed men in a more advantageous position than women.
Sex/Gender: Possibly the most universal and long running prejudice is that based on a person's gender or sex. Historically, sexism has placed men in a more advantageous position than women.
Sexo/GĂȘnero: Possivelmente o preconceito mais universal e duradouro Ă© aquele baseado no gĂ©nero ou sexo de uma pessoa. Historicamente, o sexismo colocou os homens numa posição mais vantajosa do que as mulheres.
Weight/Size: In short, sizeism is discrimination based on a person's body size or weight. Sizeism works with social standards of beauty and usually takes the form of discrimination against the overweight — anti-fat prejudice.
Weight/Size: In short, sizeism is discrimination based on a person's body size or weight. Sizeism works with social standards of beauty and usually takes the form of discrimination against the overweight — anti-fat prejudice.
Peso/Tamanho: Resumindo, sizeismo Ă© a discriminação baseada no tamanho ou peso corporal de uma pessoa. O sizeismo trabalha com padrĂ”es sociais de beleza e geralmente assume a forma de discriminação contra quem estĂĄ acima do peso – preconceito anti-gordura.
Religion: Religious discrimination and persecution has been common throughout history. But prejudice based on religious affiliation doesn’t end with organized religion; atheists are prone6 to discrimination and being discriminated against.
ReligiĂŁo: A discriminação e a perseguição religiosa tĂȘm sido comuns ao longo da histĂłria. Mas o preconceito baseado na filiação religiosa nĂŁo termina com a religiĂŁo organizada; os ateus sĂŁo propensos6 Ă discriminação e a serem discriminados.
Sexual Orientation: Most commonly, prejudice based on sexual orientation includes discrimination against those of a non-heterosexual orientation. Discrimination against the non-heterosexual takes many forms depending on the society. In some societies prejudice is open and tolerated, but in most Western societies, bias against the non-heterosexual is more discreet.
Sexual Orientation: Most commonly, prejudice based on sexual orientation includes discrimination against those of a non-heterosexual orientation. Discrimination against the non-heterosexual takes many forms depending on the society. In some societies prejudice is open and tolerated, but in most Western societies, bias against the non-heterosexual is more discreet.
Orientação Sexual: Mais comumente, o preconceito baseado na orientação sexual inclui a discriminação contra pessoas de orientação não heterossexual. A discriminação contra os não heterossexuais assume muitas formas, dependendo da sociedade. Em algumas sociedades o preconceito é aberto e tolerado, mas na maioria das sociedades ocidentais, o preconceito contra os não-heterossexuais é mais discreto.
Country of Origin: Nativism is a common form of discrimination against immigrants to a country. Unlike many other forms of discrimination, nativism is many times encouraged and enforced by some public entities.
Country of Origin: Nativism is a common form of discrimination against immigrants to a country. Unlike many other forms of discrimination, nativism is many times encouraged and enforced by some public entities.
PaĂs de origem: O nativismo Ă© uma forma comum de discriminação contra os imigrantes em um paĂs. Ao contrĂĄrio de muitas outras formas de discriminação, o nativismo Ă© muitas vezes encorajado e aplicado por algumas entidades pĂșblicas.
Which prejudice do you have? Which prejudice have you experienced?
Which prejudice do you have? Which prejudice have you experienced?
Qual preconceito vocĂȘ tem? Qual preconceito vocĂȘ jĂĄ sofreu?
Glossary:
1 - acknowledged – reconhecidos (as)
2 - stuck – presos (as)
3 - bankrupt – falidos (as)
4 - peers - pares; colegas
5 - landowners – proprietĂĄrios (as)
6 - prone – propensos (as)
7 - bias – julgamento ou opiniĂŁo parcial
33 – The author points out that
(A) ableism is a kind of ability.
(B) race discrimination is the worst of all prejudices.
(C) sex/gender prejudice is more advantageous than other ones.
(D) there are different types of discrimination.
(B) race discrimination is the worst of all prejudices.
(C) sex/gender prejudice is more advantageous than other ones.
(D) there are different types of discrimination.
• Gabarito D
O autor destaca que
(A) ableism is a kind of ability. a capacidade Ă© um tipo de habilidade.
(B) race discrimination is the worst of all prejudices. a discriminação racial é o pior de todos os preconceitos.
(C) sex/gender prejudice is more advantageous than other ones. o preconceito de sexo/gĂȘnero Ă© mais vantajoso que outros.
(D) there are different types of discrimination. existem diferentes tipos de discriminação.
(B) race discrimination is the worst of all prejudices. a discriminação racial é o pior de todos os preconceitos.
(C) sex/gender prejudice is more advantageous than other ones. o preconceito de sexo/gĂȘnero Ă© mais vantajoso que outros.
(D) there are different types of discrimination. existem diferentes tipos de discriminação.
a) people.
b) each other.
c) some of the most common ways.
d) areas where people show their intolerance.
• Gabarito D
The word "others" (line 4) refers to
a) people.
b) each other.
c) some of the most common ways.
d) areas where people show their intolerance.
b) each other.
c) some of the most common ways.
d) areas where people show their intolerance.
35 – Mark the INCORRECT definition of the word "ageism" (line 6).
a) Law against age prejudice.
b) Treating people unfairly because of their age.
c) Discrimination on the grounds of a person's age.
d) Prejudice against people's age.
• Gabarito A
Marque a definição INCORRETA da palavra "idade" (linha 6).
a) Law against age prejudice. Lei contra o preconceito de idade.
b) Treating people unfairly because of their age. Tratar as pessoas injustamente por causa da sua idade.
c) Discrimination on the grounds of a person's age. Discriminação com base na idade de uma pessoa.
d) Prejudice against people's age. Preconceito em relação à idade das pessoas.
b) Treating people unfairly because of their age. Tratar as pessoas injustamente por causa da sua idade.
c) Discrimination on the grounds of a person's age. Discriminação com base na idade de uma pessoa.
d) Prejudice against people's age. Preconceito em relação à idade das pessoas.
36 – Mark the FALSE statement below in relation to the text.
a) Some institutions are hesitant to accommodate the disabled.
b) For some people, overweight is not an acceptable standard of beauty.
c) Everybody experiences some kind of prejudice.
d) Religious intolerance exists for a long time.
• Gabarito C
Marque a afirmação FALSA abaixo em relação ao texto.
a) Some institutions are hesitant to accommodate the disabled. Algumas instituiçÔes hesitam em acolher os deficientes.
b) For some people, overweight is not an acceptable standard of beauty. Para algumas pessoas, o excesso de peso nĂŁo Ă© um padrĂŁo de beleza aceitĂĄvel.
c) Everybody experiences some kind of prejudice. Todo mundo sofre algum tipo de preconceito.
d) Religious intolerance exists for a long time. A intolerĂąncia religiosa existe hĂĄ muito tempo.
b) For some people, overweight is not an acceptable standard of beauty. Para algumas pessoas, o excesso de peso nĂŁo Ă© um padrĂŁo de beleza aceitĂĄvel.
c) Everybody experiences some kind of prejudice. Todo mundo sofre algum tipo de preconceito.
d) Religious intolerance exists for a long time. A intolerĂąncia religiosa existe hĂĄ muito tempo.
37 – Mark the concept that is mentioned in the text.
a) Natural selection.
b) The illegality of non-native people in a country.
c) Nature.
d) Abundance of valuable possessions or money.
• Gabarito D
Marque o conceito mencionado no texto.
a) Natural selection. Seleção natural.
b) The illegality of non-native people in a country. A ilegalidade de pessoas nĂŁo nativas num paĂs.
c) Nature. Natureza.
d) Abundance of valuable possessions or money. AbundĂąncia de bens valiosos ou dinheiro.
b) The illegality of non-native people in a country. A ilegalidade de pessoas nĂŁo nativas num paĂs.
c) Nature. Natureza.
d) Abundance of valuable possessions or money. AbundĂąncia de bens valiosos ou dinheiro.
38 – The sentence "one-fifth of working adults say they experience ageism in the workplace" (lines 9 and 10) means that
a) twenty per cent of working adults suffer the consequences of ageism at work.
b) 1/15 of adults work under pressure.
c) 1/5 of workers experience prejudice against their type of work.
d) half of the adult population experiences intolerance at work.
• Gabarito A
A sentença "one-fifth of working adults say they experience ageism in the workplace" (um quinto dos adultos trabalhadores afirma sofrer discriminação etåria no local de trabalho) significa que
a) twenty per cent of working adults suffer the consequences of ageism at work. vinte por cento dos adultos trabalhadores sofrem as consequĂȘncias do preconceito de idade no trabalho.
b) 1/15 of adults work under pressure. 1/15 dos adultos trabalham sob pressĂŁo.
c) 1/5 of workers experience prejudice against their type of work. 1/5 dos trabalhadores sofrem preconceito em relação ao seu tipo de trabalho.
d) half of the adult population experiences intolerance at work. metade da população adulta vivencia intolerùncia no trabalho.
b) 1/15 of adults work under pressure. 1/15 dos adultos trabalham sob pressĂŁo.
c) 1/5 of workers experience prejudice against their type of work. 1/5 dos trabalhadores sofrem preconceito em relação ao seu tipo de trabalho.
d) half of the adult population experiences intolerance at work. metade da população adulta vivencia intolerùncia no trabalho.
39 – The word "workplace" (line 10) means
a) an institution for people who need professional care.
b) a place where people work.
c) home for old people.
d) a school where people live.
• Gabarito B
40 – The topic "ability" mentions people who
a) have poor sight.
b) have difficulty in learning.
c) get excited about helping the disabled.
d) face social and economical discrimination.
• Gabarito D
41 – In the sentence
- "Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of prejudice" (lines 23 and 24),
a) always.
b) rarely.
c) frequently.
d) seldom.
b) rarely.
c) frequently.
d) seldom.
• Gabarito C
42 – The underlined word in
- "those in wheelchairs or with a learning disability." (lines 25 and 26)
is used in the same grammatical way as in
a) Teachers are learning how to deal with disabled students.
b) Learning English is a necessity nowadays.
c) He's learning how to deal with his brother’s disability.
d) The learning theory is common in Western societies.
• Gabarito D
43 – Mark the option which shows the same meaning as in "a person’s body size or weight." (line 35).
a) A person and body size or weight.
b) The body size or weight of a person.
c) Body size and person’s weight.
d) The body’s size or weight of a person.
• Gabarito B
44 – The word "persecution" (line 39) means
a) treating somebody in a cruel and unfair way.
b) keeping common types of prejudice.
c) having a religion.
d) showing intense belief in something.
• Gabarito A
45 – Mark the correct question for the sentence
- "prejudice based on religious affiliation" (lines 40 and 41).
a) Which prejudice did you talk about?
b) Which religion talked you about?
c) Which affiliation talk you about?
d) Which religious prejudice you talked about?
b) Which religion talked you about?
c) Which affiliation talk you about?
d) Which religious prejudice you talked about?
• Gabarito A
46 – Choose the option which contains the correct negative for "atheists are prone to discrimination" (line 42).
- Atheists _____ prone to discrimination.
a) don’t
b) didn’t
c) aren’t
d) can’t
b) didn’t
c) aren’t
d) can’t
• Gabarito C
47 – Mark the sentence below that CANNOT answer the following question correctly.
- “Which prejudice do you have?” (line 56).
a) I have some.
b) I don't have any.
c) I have none.
d) I don't have no prejudice.
b) I don't have any.
c) I have none.
d) I don't have no prejudice.
• Gabarito D
48 – (CPCAR-2017-CADETE DO AR)
a) Prejudice – experience – ability.
b) Orientation – body – position.
c) Discrimination – intolerance – racism.
d) History – status – religion.
• Gabarito C
a) Prejudice – experience – ability.
b) Orientation – body – position.
c) Discrimination – intolerance – racism.
d) History – status – religion.
b) Orientation – body – position.
c) Discrimination – intolerance – racism.
d) History – status – religion.
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