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- 20 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 4 Options Each Question.
- Texto – | A Master Storyteller from 19th-Century Brazil, Heir to the Greats and Entirely Sui Generis | www.nytimes.com |
❑ FONTE DO TEXTO:
❑ TEXTO:
A Master Storyteller from 19th-Century
Brazil, Heir to the Greats and
Entirely Sui Generis
(Um mestre contador de histórias do Brasil do século XIX, herdeiro dos grandes e totalmente sui generis)
[1]
In a famous Hindu parable, three
blind men encounter an elephant for the
first time and try to describe it, each
touching a different part.
Numa famosa parĂĄbola hindu, trĂȘs homens cegos encontram um elefante pela primeira vez e tentam descrevĂȘ-lo, cada um tocando numa parte diferente.
“An elephant is
like a snake,” says one, grasping the
trunk.
"Um elefante Ă© como uma cobra", diz um, agarrando na tromba.
“Nonsense; an elephant is a fan,”
says another, who holds an ear.
"Disparate; um elefante Ă© um leque", diz outro, que segura numa orelha.
“A tree
trunk,” insists a third, feeling his way
around a leg.
"Um tronco de ĂĄrvore", insiste um terceiro, apalpando uma perna.
[2]
In the Anglophone world, a similar
kind of confusion surrounds Joaquim
Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908),
the son and sly chronicler of Rio de
Janeiro whom Susan Sontag once called
“the greatest writer ever produced in
Latin America.”
No mundo anglófono, um tipo semelhante de confusão cerca Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908), o filho e cronista astuto do Rio de Janeiro que Susan Sontag chamou uma vez de "o maior escritor jå produzido na América Latina".
To Stefan Zweig,
Machado was Brazil’s answer to Dickens.
Para Stefan Zweig, Machado era a resposta do Brasil a Dickens.
To Allen Ginsberg, he was another
Kafka. Harold Bloom called him a
descendant of Laurence Sterne, and
Philip Roth compared him to Beckett.
Para Allen Ginsberg, ele era outro Kafka. Harold Bloom chamou-o de descendente de Laurence Sterne, e Philip Roth comparou-o a Beckett.
Others cite Gogol, Poe, Borges and
Joyce. In the foreword to “The Collected
Stories of Machado de Assis,” published
this month, the critic Michael Wood
invokes Henry James, Henry Fielding,
Chekhov, Sterne, Nabokov and Calvino
— all in two paragraphs.
Outros citam Gogol, Poe, Borges e Joyce. No prefĂĄcio de "The Collected Stories of Machado de Assis", publicado este mĂȘs, o crĂtico Michael Wood invoca Henry James, Henry Fielding, Chekhov, Sterne, Nabokov e Calvino - tudo em dois parĂĄgrafos.
[3]
To further complicate matters,
Machado has always reminded me of
Alice Munro.
Para complicar ainda mais as coisas, Machado sempre me fez lembrar Alice Munro.
What’s going on here? What kind of writer induces such
rapturous and wildly inconsistent characterizations? What kind of writer
can star in so many different fantasies?
O que é que se passa aqui? Que tipo de escritor induz a caracterizaçÔes tão arrebatadoras e descontroladamente inconsistentes? Que tipo de escritor consegue protagonizar tantas fantasias diferentes?
[4]
The protean, stubbornly
unclassifiable Machado was born into
poverty, the mixed-race grandson of
freed slaves.
O proteano e teimosamente inclassificåvel Machado nasceu na pobreza, neto mestiço de escravos libertados.
He had no formal education
or training; like Twain, his
contemporary, he got his start as a
printer’s apprentice.
Não teve qualquer educação ou formação formal; tal como Twain, seu contemporùneo, começou como aprendiz de tipógrafo.
Out of a regimen of
ferocious self-education, he established
himself, initially as a writer of slender
romances for and about the women of
the ruling elite.
A partir de um regime de feroz autoeducação, estabeleceu-se, inicialmente, como escritor de romances pequenos para e sobre as mulheres da elite dominante.
- "SLENDER ROMANCES" - romances pequenos.
[5]
But in 1879, his style changed —
or rather, it arrived. Prolonged illness
(Machado was epileptic), and the near
loss of his sight, snapped him to
attention.
Mas em 1879, seu estilo mudou - ou melhor, chegou. Uma doença prolongada (Machado era epilético) e a quase perda da visão despertaram-lhe a atenção.
- "the near loss of his sigh" - a quase perda da visĂŁo.
- "snapped him to attention" - despertaram-lhe a atenção.
The gentle romantic
blossomed into a wicked ironist whose
authorial intrusions, jump cuts and sheer
mischief influenced American
experimentalists like John Barth and
Donald Barthelme.
O romĂąntico gentil tornou-se um ironista perverso, cujas intrusĂ”es autorais, saltos e pura malĂcia influenciaram experimentalistas americanos como John Barth e Donald Barthelme.
- "TO BLOSSOM INTO" - to become a more attractive, successful, or confident type of person or a better, stronger type of thing - tornar-se um tipo de pessoa mais atraente, bem-sucedida ou confiante ou um tipo de coisa melhor e mais forte.
- "WICKED" - morally wrong and bad - moralmente errado e mau. - Ămpio, mau, perverso, malvado, inĂquo.
[6]
Five novels produced in this
period — including his masterpiece, “The
Posthumous Memoirs of BrĂĄs Cubas”
(1881) — cemented his reputation.
Cinco romances produzidos neste perĂodo - incluindo a sua obra-prima, "MemĂłrias PĂłstumas de BrĂĄs Cubas" (1881) - cimentaram a sua reputação.
- "MASTERPIECE" -
If
this collection of 76 stories (culled from
more than 200) cannot rise to their
ranks, it still offers a different and
valuable vantage point — especially for
readers who like to keep an eye on the
life as well as the art.
Se esta coletĂąnea de 76 contos (selecionados de entre mais de 200) nĂŁo pode estar Ă altura desses romances, nĂŁo deixa de oferecer um ponto de vista diferente e valioso - especialmente para os leitores que gostam de estar atentos Ă vida e Ă arte.)
>> "TO CULL SOMETHING FROM SOMETHING" - Escolher ou reunir algo de uma fonte ou de mĂșltiplas fontes.
[7]
“The Collected Stories” reveals
the arc of Machado’s career, from the
straightforward love stories to the
cerebral and unpredictable later works.
"The Collected Stories" revela o arco da carreira de Machado, desde as simples histĂłrias de amor atĂ© Ă s cerebrais e imprevisĂveis obras posteriores.
One story is told from the point of view
of a needle. Political satire begins to
appear. In one tale, a dictator, bald
since youth, decrees that all his subjects
must also shave their heads, arguing
that the “moral unity of the state
depended on all heads looking the
same.”
Uma histĂłria Ă© contada do ponto de vista de uma agulha. A sĂĄtira polĂtica começa a aparecer. Num conto, um ditador, careca desde a juventude, decreta que todos os seus sĂșbditos devem rapar tambĂ©m a cabeça, argumentando que "a unidade moral do Estado dependia de todas as cabeças terem o mesmo aspeto".
[8]
Machado’s stories pulse with life.
The endings are frequently murky and
strange, often abruptly truncated.
As histĂłrias de Machado pulsam com vida. Os finais sĂŁo frequentemente obscuros e estranhos, muitas vezes abruptamente truncados.
The
title of an early work characterizes them
well: “Much Heat, Little Light.”
O tĂtulo de um dos primeiros trabalhos caracteriza-os bem: "Muito calor, pouca luz".
Certain
preoccupations persist: alluring widows,
naĂŻve young men, a fondness for
coincidence.
Certas preocupaçÔes persistem: viĂșvas sedutoras, jovens ingĂȘnuos, um gosto pela coincidĂȘncia.
Machado remained
fascinated by femininity and the
strictures governing the lives of women
— it’s why he reminds me of Munro.
Machado continuou fascinado pela feminilidade e pelas restriçÔes que regem a vida das mulheres - é por isso que me faz lembrar Munro.
Like
chess pieces, Rio’s well-born ladies could
make only a few authorized moves
(Machado was a chess fanatic), but
everything was theirs to win or lose.
Como peças de xadrez, as damas bem-nascidas do Rio podiam fazer apenas alguns movimentos autorizados (Machado era fanåtico por xadrez), mas tudo era delas para ganhar ou perder.)
[9]
Above all looms the figure of the
bibliomane. “This is my family,” one
says, pointing to his bookshelf.
Acima de tudo, ergue-se a figura do bibliomane. "Esta Ă© a minha famĂlia", diz um deles, apontando para a sua estante.
These are characters shaped by their reading,
sometimes even physically (“his head
jutted forward slightly from his long
habit”).
São personagens moldadas pela sua leitura, por vezes até fisicamente ("a sua cabeça inclinava-se ligeiramente para a frente devido ao seu longo håbito").
[10]
It’s a curious feature of Machado’s
stories that Brazil is so absent.
Uma caraterĂstica curiosa das histĂłrias de Machado Ă© o fato de o Brasil estar tĂŁo ausente.
There are
few landmarks, few mentions of the
weather. But there are allusions to
MoliĂšre and Goethe.
SĂŁo poucos os pontos de referĂȘncia, poucas as mençÔes ao clima. Mas hĂĄ alusĂ”es a MoliĂšre e Goethe.
Novels and authors
are the signposts.
Os romances e os autores são as placas de sinalização.
Like his characters,
Machado was a creature of literature;
ink ran in his veins.
Como seus personagens, Machado era uma criatura da literatura; a tinta corria em suas veias.
Though he never
roved far from his hometown he read
widely, claiming all of culture, all of
Europe — giving his work that
remarkably open, cosmopolitan feel.
Apesar de nunca se ter afastado muito da sua cidade natal, leu muito, reivindicando toda a cultura, toda a Europa - dando Ă sua obra um carĂĄcter notavelmente aberto e cosmopolita.
[11]
This creation of a personal
cartography — of anchoring himself in
the life of the mind — might explain one
of the lingering frustrations with
Machado’s work: namely, his refusal to
write more explicitly about slavery.
Essa criação de uma cartografia pessoal - de se ancorar na vida da mente - pode explicar uma das frustraçÔes persistentes com a obra de Machado: a saber, sua recusa em escrever mais explicitamente sobre a escravidão.
He
might not have dared; slavery ended in
Brazil only in 1888.
Talvez nĂŁo tenha ousado; a escravatura sĂł terminou no Brasil em 1888.
His stories stay
trained, sometimes monotonously, on
the elite, slaves flitting through in
silence.
As suas histĂłrias mantĂȘm-se concentradas, por vezes monotonamente, na elite, com os escravos a esvoaçar em silĂȘncio.)
[12]
Yet Machado is always writing
about liberation in his way, which to him
begins with the freedom — the
obligation — to think.
Mas Machado estå sempre escrevendo, à sua maneira, sobre a libertação, que para ele começa com a liberdade - a obrigação - de pensar.
Few fiction writers
have written so affectionately about
ideas, as if they were real people; he is
always describing how ideas emerge and
move, the way they can lose their way
and get caught in a crush with others.
Poucos escritores de ficção escreveram com tanto carinho sobre as ideias, como se fossem pessoas reais. Ele estå sempre descrevendo como as ideias surgem e se movem, como podem perder o rumo e ficar presas num enrosco com outras.
The way they can appear “fully formed
and beautiful” at times, or grow
“pregnant” with other ideas.
A forma como, por vezes, podem aparecer "totalmente formadas e belas" ou ficar "grĂĄvidas" de outras ideias.)
[13]
Ideas and fixations elevate and
distort in these stories.
As ideias e as fixaçÔes elevam-se e distorcem-se nestas histórias.
In one, a man
consumed by his pet bird becomes “pure
canary.”
Numa delas, um homem consumido pelo seu påssaro de estimação torna-se "canårio puro".
In another, a father intent on
grooming his son to become “a bigwig”
demands he cultivate the necessary
vapidity: “I forbid you to arrive at any
conclusions that have not already been
reached by others. Avoid anything that
has about it so much as a whiff of
reflection, originality or the like.”
Noutra, um pai que pretende preparar o filho para se tornar "um manda-chuva" exige que ele cultive a vapidez necessĂĄria: "ProĂbo-te de chegar a conclusĂ”es que nĂŁo tenham jĂĄ sido alcançadas por outros. Evita tudo o que tenha um mĂnimo de reflexĂŁo, originalidade ou algo do gĂȘnero".)
[14]
To Machado, your identity and the
contours of your world are formed not
just by your circumstances but by what
you think about habitually.
Para Machado, a nossa identidade e os contornos do nosso mundo são formados não só pelas nossas circunstùncias, mas também por aquilo em que pensamos habitualmente.
You are what
you contemplate, so choose wisely.
These stories are a spectacular place to
start.
Tu és o que contemplas, por isso escolhe sabiamente. Estas histórias são um ponto de partida espetacular.
- From: www.nytimes.com/June 6, 2018
❑ QUESTIONĂRIO:
01 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) According to the text, Machado de Assis’s
writing style went through a significant change
A) before he turned eighteen.
B) after he visited the poor areas of Rio.
C) after he had some health problems.
D) because of his friendship with Dickens.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
02 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) By saying that “ink ran in his veins” the
author means that Machado
A) had two uncles who were writers.
B) was like a fictional character himself.
C) had the soul of a poet.
D) was fascinated by femininity.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
03 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) As to his characters, we can say
A) their shape comes from their reading.
B) they are usually round ones.
C) they resemble Edgar Allan Poe’s.
D) naive young girls are his favorite.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
04 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) A curious thing about this fabulous Brazilian
writer is the fact that he
A) was very fond of golf.
B) married twice.
C) loved playing chess.
D) adopted an orphan girl.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
05 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) Machado thought that not only our
circumstances form our identity and world contours,
but also our
A) choice of books.
B) childhood memories.
C) school years.
D) habitual thoughts.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
06 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) What gave Machado’s work an open
cosmopolitan texture was
A) working as a teacher for ten years.
B) being an avid reader.
C) creating strange fantasies.
D) living in Europe for a decade.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
07 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) Among his worries as a writer, we can include
A) strictures imposed upon women.
B) slaves and their suffering.
C) the death of young ladies.
D) uncaring husbands and lovers.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
08 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) It is surprising that Machado, considered the
greatest Latin American writer by Sontag, was
never
A) interested in ideas.
B) formally educated.
C) a gentle romantic.
D) compared to Beckett.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
09 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) According to the author of the text, Machado
de Assis
A) can easily fit into the Realist school.
B) was a member of an obscure organization.
C) always included a discussion of slavery in his
works.
D) is a writer that cannot be classified.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
10 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) The author mentions a point of connection
that he personally sees in the works of Machado de
Assis and Alice Munro, which is the fact that they
both
A) approach the constraints of women in society.
B) seem fond of creating vulgar female
characters.
C) provide their female characters with too much
power.
D) never include genre issues in their books.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
11 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) The sentences
- “Out of a regimen of ferocious self-education, he established himself, initially as a writer of slender romances for and about the women of the ruling elite” (lines 42-46)
- “In the Anglophone world, a similar kind of confusion surrounds Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908), the son and sly chronicler of Rio de Janeiro” (lines 10-14)
are classified,
respectively, as
A) compound and simple.
B) simple and compound.
C) simple and simple.
D) compound and compound.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ SENTENĂA 1:
- “Out of a regimen of ferocious self-education, he established himself, initially as a writer of slender romances for and about the women of the ruling elite.”
- "A partir de um regime de autoeducação feroz, estabeleceu-se, inicialmente, como escritor de romances delicados para e sobre as mulheres da elite governante."
❑ SIMPLE SENTENCE – contĂ©m apenas UMA ORAĂĂO (1 verbo ou 1 locução verbal) – established.
❑ SENTENĂA 2:
- “In the Anglophone world, a similar kind of confusion surrounds Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908), the son and sly chronicler of Rio de Janeiro”.
- "No mundo anglĂłfono, um tipo semelhante de confusĂŁo envolve Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908), o filho e cronista astuto do Rio de Janeiro".
❑ SIMPLE SENTENCE – contĂ©m apenas UMA ORAĂĂO (1 verbo ou 1 locução verbal) – surrounds.
➭ VOCABULĂRIO – TO SURROUND – CERCAR, CIRCUNDAR, RODEAR, ENVOLVER. [www.linguee.com.br]
12 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) The sentences
- “Though he never roved far from his hometown he read widely” (lines 108- 110)
and
- “The gentle romantic blossomed into a wicked ironist whose authorial intrusions, jump cuts and sheer mischief influenced American experimentalists like John Barth and Donald Barthelme” (lines 51-56)
are classified,
respectively, as
A) complex and complex.
B) compound and compound.
C) compound and complex.
D) complex and compound.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ SENTENĂA 1:
- “Though he never roved far from his hometown he read widely”
- "Apesar de nunca se ter afastado muito da sua terra natal, ele lia muito".
❑ COMPLEX SENTENCE – contĂ©m 2 VERBOS (roved, read ) ou 2 ORAĂĂES conectados pela conjunção THOUGH.
➭ VOCABULĂRIO – TO ROVE – viajar por uma grande ĂĄrea. SinĂŽnimo de TO ROAM (vagar). [www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com]
❑ SENTENĂA 2:
- “The gentle romantic blossomed into a wicked ironist whose authorial intrusions, jump cuts and sheer mischief influenced American experimentalists like John Barth and Donald Barthelme”
- "O romĂąntico gentil transformou-se num ironista perverso cujas intrusĂ”es autorais, cortes e pura malĂcia influenciaram experimentalistas americanos como John Barth e Donald Barthelme"
❑ COMPLEX SENTENCE – contĂ©m 2 VERBOS (blossomed, influenced ) ou 2 ORAĂĂES conectados pelo pronome relativo WHOSE.
➭ TO BLOSSOM INTO - TRANSFORMAR-SE EM. [https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com]
13 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) The sentence
- “The Collected Stories reveals the arc of Machado’s career…” (lines 67-68) and
- “This creation of a personal cartography… might explain one of the lingering frustrations with Machado’s work” (lines 113-117)
contain,
respectively, a/an
A) direct object and an indirect object.
B) indirect object and a direct object.
C) indirect object and an indirect object.
D) direct object and a direct object.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ SENTENĂA 1:
- “The Collected Stories reveals the arc of Machado’s career…”
- The Collected Stories revela o arco da carreira de Machado
➭ TO REVEAL (transitividade direta sem preposição) – reveal something to somebody – reveal that… – it is revealed that… – reveal who, how… – reveal the ... – reveal the truth to him – reveal somebody/something as something, [www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com]
❑ SENTENĂA 2:
- “This creation of a personal cartography… might explain one of the lingering frustrations with Machado’s work”
- "Esta criação de uma cartografia pessoal... pode explicar uma das frustraçÔes que persistem na obra de Machado"
➭ TO EXPLAIN (transitividade direta sem preposição) – explain (something) to somebody – explain that… – it is revealed that… – explain who, how… – explain to somebody who, how, etc… – it is explained that… [www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com]
14 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) The sentences
- “The endings are frequently murky and strange, often abruptly truncated” (lines 80-81) and
- “Like his characters, Machado was a creature of literature” (lines 106-107)
contain, respectively, a/an
A) subject complement and an object
complement.
B) subject complement and a subject
complement.
C) object complement and a subject
complement.
D) object complement and an object
complement.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ SENTENĂA 1:
- “The endings are frequently murky and strange, often abruptly truncated”
- "Os finais sĂŁo frequentemente obscuros e estranhos, muitas vezes abruptamente truncados".
➭ TO BE (link verb) – na forma ARE e no "simple present".
➭ SUBJECT COMPLEMENT – complemento de verbo de ligação.
❑ SENTENĂA 2:
- “Like his characters, Machado was a creature of literature”.
- "Tal como as suas personagens, Machado era uma criatura da literatura".
➭ TO BE (link verb) – na forma WAS e no "simple past".
➭ SUBJECT COMPLEMENT – complemento de verbo de ligação.
15 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) The sentences
- “In one tale, a dictator, bald since youth, decrees that all his subjects must also shave their heads” (lines 73-75) and
- “In another, a father intent on grooming his son to become ‘a bigwig’ demands he cultivate the necessary vapidity” (139-142)
contain,
respectively, a/an
A) subject noun clause and an object noun clause.
B) subject noun clause and a subject noun clause.
C) object noun clause and an object noun clause.
D) object noun clause and a subject noun clause.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ SENTENĂA 1:
- “In one tale, a dictator, bald since youth, decrees that all his subjects must also shave their heads”
- "Num conto, um ditador, careca desde a juventude, decreta que todos os seus sĂșditos devem raspar a cabeça"
➭ PRONOME RELATIVO (THAT) – indicativo de oração subordinada, chamada tambĂ©m, em inglĂȘs, de "object noun clause".
➭ OBJECT NOUN CLAUSE – Oração subordinada, iniciada por PRONOME RELATIVO PRESENTE OU OCULTO.
❑ SENTENĂA 2:
- “In another, a father intent on grooming his son to become ‘a bigwig’ demands he cultivate the necessary vapidity”
- "Noutro, um pai que pretende preparar o filho para se tornar 'um manda-chuva' exige que ele cultive a insipidez necessĂĄria”
➭ PRONOME RELATIVO (OCULTO entre os vocĂĄbulos "demands" e "he") – indicativo de oração subordinada, chamada tambĂ©m, em inglĂȘs, de "object noun clause".
➭ OBJECT NOUN CLAUSE – Oração subordinada, iniciada por PRONOME RELATIVO PRESENTE OU OCULTO.
➭ OMMITING RELATIVE PRONOUN – Pronome Relativo pode ser omitido quando:
(1) ANTES DE PRONOME PESSOAL (I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, WE, THEY) - The book (that) I'm reading is fascinating.
(2) FUNCIONANDO COMO CONJUNĂĂO INTEGRANTE ANTES DE UMA CLAUSE(Oração) ou PHRASE(frase).– It’s a song (that) my mother taught me.
16 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) The verb tenses in
- “Machado’s stories pulse with life” (line 79)
and
- “Yet Machado is always writing...” (line 124),
are
A) simple present and present perfect.
B) simple past and past continuous.
C) present perfect and simple present.
D) simple present and present continuous.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ SENTENĂA 1:
- “Machado’s stories pulse with life”
- "As histĂłrias de Machado pulsam com vida"
➭ FORMA VERBAL – verbo "to pulse" na forma verbal PULSE (3ÂȘpp) pertencente ao tempo verbal SIMPLE PRESENT.
❑ SENTENĂA 2:
- “Yet Machado is always writing...”
- "Mas Machado estĂĄ sempre escrevendo..."
➭ ESTRUTURA VERBAL PROGRESSIVA (is writing) –verbo "to be"(is) mais PARTICIPLE PRESENT(writing) do verbo "to write", pertencente ao tempo verbal PRESENT CONTINUOUS ou PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.
17 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) In terms of voice of the verb, the sentences
- “To Machado, your identity and the contours of your world are formed not just by your circumstances but by what you think about habitually” (lines 147- 150) and
- “Prolonged illness (Machado was epileptic), and the near loss of his sight, snapped him to attention” (lines 48-51)
are classified,
respectively as
A) active and passive.
B) passive and active.
C) passive and passive.
D) active and active.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito D
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ SENTENĂA 1:
- “To Machado, your identity and the contours of your world are formed not just by your circumstances but by what you think about habitually”
- "Para Machado, a nossa identidade e os contornos do nosso mundo são formados não só pelas nossas circunstùncias, mas também por aquilo em que pensamos habitualmente".
➭ ESTRUTURA VERBAL PASSIVA (are formed) – verbo "to be"(are) mais PARTICIPLE PAST(formed) do verbo "to forme".
❑ SENTENĂA 2:
- “Prolonged illness (Machado was epileptic), and the near loss of his sight, snapped him to attention”.
- "A doença prolongada (Machado era epilético), e a quase perda da visão, despertaram-lhe a atenção"
➭ FORMA VERBAL ATIVA (snapped) – verbo "to snap" na forma do "past" sem o uso do verbo "to be"
18 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA)
The sentences
“...it still offers a different
and valuable vantage point — especially for
readers who like to keep an eye on the life as
well as the art” (lines 63-66) and
“The gentle
romantic blossomed into a wicked ironist whose
authorial intrusions, jump cuts and sheer mischief
influenced American experimentalists like John
Barth and Donald Barthelme” (lines 51-56)
contain, respectively, relative clauses which are
(A) defining and defining.
(B) defining and non-defining.
(C) non-defining and defining.
(D) non-defining and non-defining.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito A
TĂPICO - GRAMMAR: RELATIVE CLAUSES:
>> 1ÂȘ SENTENĂA :
- “...it still offers a different and valuable vantage point — especially for readers who like to keep an eye on the life as well as the art”
- PRONOME RELATIVO → WHO
- A oração relativa NĂO CONTĂM COMMAS antes do pronome relativo → DEFINING CLAUSE.
>> 2ÂȘ SENTENĂA:
- “The gentle romantic blossomed into a wicked ironist whose authorial intrusions, jump cuts and sheer mischief influenced American experimentalists like John Barth and Donald Barthelme”
- PRONOME RELATIVO → WHOSE
- A oração relativa NĂO CONTĂM COMMAS antes do pronome relativo → DEFINING CLAUSE.
>> "RELATIVE CLAUSE" (Oração relativa) Ă© um tipo de oração subordinada, introduzida por pronome relativo (who, whom, which, that, etc), e que modifica (define ou descreve) o nĂșcleo de um substantivo precedente:
(1) As oraçÔes relativas que definem um substantivo sĂŁo chamadas de “defining”, ou seja, restritivas, na terminologia em portuguĂȘs.
- She's the woman who cuts my
- hair. (defining relative clause)
- Ela é a mulher que corta meu cabelo.(oração restritiva)
- My grandfather, who's 87, goes swimming every day. (non-defining relative clause)
- Meu avÎ, de 87 anos, nada todos os dias.(oração explicativa).
- Oração relativa CONTĂM COMMAS antes do pronome relativo → NON-DEFINING.
- Oração relativa NĂO CONTĂM COMMAS antes do pronome relativo → DEFINING.
19 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) As to the sentences
“Few fiction writers have
written so affectionately about ideas” (127-129),
“You are what you contemplate, so choose
wisely” (lines 150-151),
“slavery ended in Brazil
only in 1888” (lines 119-120) and
“Above all
looms the figure of the bibliomane” (lines 94-95),
it is correct to state that
A) they are all in the same verb tense.
B) two of them are in the past perfect tense.
C) only one of them is in the present perfect
tense.
D) only one is in the present tense.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito C
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ SENTENĂA 1:
- “Few fiction writers have written so affectionately about ideas”.
- "Poucos escritores de ficção escreveram de forma tão afectuosa sobre ideias".
➭ HAVE WRITTEN ( "have" + participle past) – estrutura padrĂŁo do PRESENT PERFECT.
❑ SENTENĂA 2:
- “You are what you contemplate, so choose wisely”
- "Tu és o que contemplas, por isso escolhe sabiamente"
➭ ARE ( SIMPLE PRESENT)
➭ COMTEMPLATE ( SIMPLE PRESENT)
➭ CHOOSE ( MODO IMPERATIVO)
❑ SENTENĂA 3:
- “slavery ended in Brazil only in 1888”
- "a escravatura sĂł terminou no Brasil em 1888"
➭ ENDED (SIMPLE PAST).
❑ SENTENĂA 4:
- “Above all looms the figure of the bibliomane”
- "Acima de tudo paira a figura do bibliomane"
➭ LOOMS (SIMPLE PRESENT).
20 – (UECE-2018/2-VESTIBULAR-2ÂȘ FASE-LĂNGUA INGLESA) The –ING words
- “training” (line 40), “ruling” (line 46), and “flitting” (line122)
function
respectively as
A) verb, noun, adjective.
B) noun, adjective, verb.
C) noun, verb, noun.
D) adjective, noun, noun.
ComentĂĄrios e Gabarito B
TĂPICOS - VOCABULĂRIO & RELAĂĂO SEMĂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ SENTENĂA 1:
- He had no formal education or training;
- Não tinha qualquer educação ou formação formal;
➭ TRAINING (noun) – TREINAMENTO, FORMAĂĂO.
❑ SENTENĂA 2:
- Out of a regimen of ferocious self-education, he established himself, initially as a writer of slender romances for and about the women of the ruling elite.
- A partir de um regime de autoeducação feroz, estabeleceu-se, inicialmente, como escritor de romances esguios para e sobre as mulheres da elite dominante.
❑ SENTENĂA 3:
- His stories stay trained, sometimes monotonously, on the elite, slaves flitting through in silence.
- As suas histĂłrias mantĂȘm-se concentradas, por vezes monotonamente, na elite, nos escravos que passam em silĂȘncio.
➭ FLITTING (verbo) – ESVOAĂANDO, PAIRANDO.


















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