www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br
❑ PROVA DE LĂNGUA INGLESA:
• CEBRASPE-2021-PMAL-OFICIAL DA PM-15/08/2021.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 12 True False Questions.
• Texto (1) – | britannica.com |
• Texto (2) – | news.mongabay.com |
❑ TEXTO 1:
➧ GABARITO:
01-C, 02-E, 03-C, 04-C, 05-C, 06-E
07-E, 08-E, 09-E, 10-C, 11-C, 12-C
❑ TEXTO 1: This text refers to items from 25 through 30.
❑ TRADUĂĂO - TEXTO 1:
The body of officers representing the civil authority of
government is known as police. O corpo de oficiais que representam a autoridade civil do governo Ă© conhecido como polĂcia.
Police typically are responsible
for maintaining public order and safety, enforcing the law, and
preventing, detecting, and investigating criminal activities. A polĂcia normalmente Ă© responsĂĄvel por manter a ordem e a segurança pĂșblicas, fazer cumprir a lei e prevenir, detectar e investigar atividades criminosas.
These
functions are known as policing. Essas funçÔes são conhecidas como policiamento.
Police are often also entrusted
with various licensing and regulatory activities. Muitas vezes, a polĂcia tambĂ©m Ă© responsĂĄvel por diversas atividades regulatĂłrias e de licenciamento.
However, police
scholars have criticized this popular understanding of the word
“police” — that it refers to members of a public organization
having the legal competence to maintain order and enforce the
law — for two reasons. No entanto, os estudiosos da polĂcia criticaram este entendimento popular da palavra “polĂcia” – que se refere a membros de uma organização pĂșblica que tĂȘm competĂȘncia legal para manter a ordem e fazer cumprir a lei – por duas razĂ”es.
First, it defines police by their ends rather
than by the specific means that they use to achieve their goals. Primeiro, define a polĂcia pelos seus fins e nĂŁo pelos meios especĂficos que utiliza para atingir os seus objetivos.
Second, the variety of situations in which police are asked to
intervene is much greater than law enforcement and order
maintenance. Em segundo lugar, a variedade de situaçÔes em que a polĂcia Ă© solicitada a intervir Ă© muito maior do que a aplicação da lei e a manutenção da ordem.
There is now a consensus among researchers that the
common feature among all the different agencies engaged in
policing is the legal competence to enforce coercive,
nonnegotiable measures to resolve problematic situations.
Existe agora um consenso entre os investigadores de que a caracterĂstica comum entre todas as diferentes agĂȘncias envolvidas no policiamento Ă© a competĂȘncia legal para aplicar medidas coercivas e inegociĂĄveis para resolver situaçÔes problemĂĄticas.
Such
situations are characterized by their potential for harm and the
need to solve them urgently before they develop that potential. Tais situaçÔes sĂŁo caracterizadas pelo seu potencial de causar danos e pela necessidade de resolvĂȘ-las urgentemente antes que desenvolvam esse potencial.
Hence, the actual use of coercion or the threat of using it allows
police to put a quick, nonnegotiated, and conclusive end to
problematic situations. Assim, o uso real da coerção ou a ameaça de usĂĄ-la permite que a polĂcia ponha um fim rĂĄpido, nĂŁo negociado e conclusivo a situaçÔes problemĂĄticas.
Internet: <www.britannica.com> (adapted).
❑ QUESTIONĂRIO: Based on the text above, judge the following items.
• EXPLICAĂĂO GRAMATICAL:
- O sujeito da sentença é 'The body of officers'. Logo teremos as seguintes estruturas:
(a) The body of officers which represents ...
(b) The body of officers which represent ...
- As estruturas expressam significado ligeiramente diferente.
- Na estrutura (a), 'which represents' , conjugado corretamente na 3ÂȘ pessoa do singular, refere-se 'The body of officers'.
- Na estrutura (b), 'which represents' , conjugado na 3ÂȘ pessoa do plural, refere-se apenas a 'officers'.
- A expressão 'to be entrusted with' significa dar a alguém uma coisa ou dever pelo qual é responsåvel.
- A expressĂŁo 'to be affected by' significa ser afetado por.
- Portanto expressam ideias diferentes.
➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] Artificial Intelligence is the field of developing computers and robots that are capable of behaving in ways that both mimic and go beyond human capabilities."
• InteligĂȘncia Artificial Ă© o campo do desenvolvimento de computadores e robĂŽs capazes de se comportar de maneiras que imitam e vĂŁo alĂ©m das capacidades humanas.
đ Item 03 C :
- It can be inferred from the text that policing has been object of academic interest.
- Pode-se inferir do texto que o policiamento tem sido objeto de interesse acadĂȘmico.
- Item 27 concorda com o texto:
'[...] However, police scholars have criticized this popular understanding of the word “police”'.
đ Item 04 C :
- According to the view presented in the second paragraph, the main characteristic of police agencies is the competence to deal with potentially harmful circumstances.
- De acordo com a visĂŁo apresentada no segundo parĂĄgrafo, a principal caracterĂstica dos ĂłrgĂŁos policiais Ă© a competĂȘncia para lidar com circunstĂąncias potencialmente danosas.
đ Item 05 C :
- In the first paragraph, the excerpt “that it refers to members of a public organization having the legal competence to maintain order and enforce the law” reinforces which meaning of the word “police” is condemned by police scholars.
- No primeiro parĂĄgrafo, o trecho “que se refere a membros de uma organização pĂșblica com competĂȘncia legal para manter a ordem e fazer cumprir a lei” reforça qual significado da palavra “polĂcia” Ă© condenado pelos estudiosos da polĂcia.
đ Item 06 E :
- In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word “actual” means present.
- ACTUAL Ă© um falso cognato e significa "real, de fato".
❑ TEXTO 2: This text refers to items from 07 through 12.
❑ TRADUĂĂO - TEXTO 2:
The landscape where the SĂŁo Francisco River enters the Atlantic Ocean seems so out of place it makes one wonder if this is still coastal Brazil. White sand dunes stretch as far as the eye can see; clusters of cashew trees throw flickering shadows like ocean waves on the sand.
Here among these shifting dunes formerly enslaved men and women founded the Pixaim Quilombo near the mouth of the river. They developed a reliable sustainable lifestyle and community well attuned to the dynamic, always changing estuary.
But it is a lifestyle utterly dependent on the SĂŁo Francisco River; reliant on the planting of rice in marshes downstream and on catching plentiful freshwater fish upstream. Now, varied and growing water demands by upstream dams and other users are threatening the long-established quilombo lifestyle — demands that experts predict will worsen severely in Brazil’s Northeast.
“We used to catch fish that were meters long, but now you have to go much farther up the river to find them,” remembers 84-year-old Aladim, who lives in Pixaim. “The fish left, so the people left,” he remarks.
Internet: <news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
Based on the previous text, judge the following items.
07. The text explains how the economic activities performed by the people of Pixaim is damaging the flow of the river SĂŁo Francisco.
08. In “The landscape where the SĂŁo Francisco River enters the Atlantic Ocean seems so out of place it makes one wonder if this is still coastal Brazil” (first paragraph), the word “one” means one specific special person.
09. In the third paragraph, the author informs that the community dependence on the SĂŁo Francisco River is limited to a specific area of the river, near to the ocean.
10. In the last paragraph, the word “who” refers to “Aladim”.
11. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the fishermen are no longer able to find the same kind of fish in the same spot of the river.
12. The sentence ‘The fish left, so the people left’ (last paragraph) shows how much the river determines people's lives in the community of Pixaim.
- GABARITO E COMENTĂRIOS:
đ Item 31 E :
- The text explains how the economic activities performed by the people of Pixaim is damaging the flow of the river SĂŁo Francisco.
- O texto explica como as atividades econĂŽmicas desempenhadas pelo povo Pixaim estĂŁo prejudicando o fluxo do rio SĂŁo Francisco.
đ Item 32 E :
- In “The landscape where the SĂŁo Francisco River enters the Atlantic Ocean seems so out of place it makes one wonder if this is still coastal Brazil” (first paragraph), the word “one” means one specific special person.
- Em “A paisagem onde o rio SĂŁo Francisco desĂĄgua no Oceano AtlĂąntico parece tĂŁo deslocada que nos faz pensar se ainda Ă© litoral do Brasil” (primeiro parĂĄgrafo), a palavra “um” significa uma pessoa especĂfica e especial.
- Em 'it makes one wonder', ONE Ă© usado como pronome impessoal, quando vocĂȘ quer dizer que uma ação especĂfica foi realizada, mas pode ter sido feita por qualquer um. O uso dele deve ser nas regras de uma terceira pessoa do singular.
đ Item 33 E :
- No terceiro parĂĄgrafo, o autor informa que a dependĂȘncia da comunidade do rio SĂŁo Francisco se limita a uma ĂĄrea especĂfica do rio, prĂłxima ao oceano.
- No terceiro parĂĄgrafo, o autor informa que a dependĂȘncia da comunidade do rio SĂŁo Francisco se limita a uma ĂĄrea especĂfica do rio, prĂłxima ao oceano.
đ Item 34 C :
- In the last paragraph, the word “who” refers to “Aladim”.
- No Ășltimo parĂĄgrafo, a palavra “WHO” se refere a “Aladim”.
- '[...] remembers 84-year-old Aladim, who lives in Pixaim.'
đ Item 35 C :
- It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the fishermen are no longer able to find the same kind of fish in the same spot of the river.
- Pode-se concluir a partir do Ășltimo parĂĄgrafo que os pescadores nĂŁo conseguem mais encontrar o mesmo tipo de peixe no mesmo local do rio.
đ Item 36 C :
- The sentence ‘The fish left, so the people left’ (last paragraph) shows how much the river determines people's lives in the community of Pixaim.
- A frase "O peixe saiu, entĂŁo as pessoas partiram" (Ășltimo parĂĄgrafo) mostra o quanto o rio determina a vida das pessoas na comunidade de Pixaim.



ComentĂĄrios
Postar um comentĂĄrio