- Texto (1) | Electric vehicles are an important part of countries’ efforts to address climate change. | www.nytimes.com |
- Texto (2) | One of the most exciting things about today's business environment ... | www.newsweek.com |
- Texto (3) | Many feel as if the covid-19 pandemic is stealing their present and jeopardising their future. | www.aljazeera.com |
- Texto (4) | An automatic temperature and humidity controller at a pig farm in Jiaxing, China. | www.bloomberg.com |
- Texto (5) | Notwithstanding the current turbulent socio-economic conditions in the country,... | www.guardian.ng |
- Texto (6) | Generation Z’s criticism of mainstream Millenials | www.bbc.com |
- Texto (7) | Apart from the impact on the environment, increasing use of air conditioning (AC) could have social and political effects. | www.economist.com |
- Texto (8) | Abstract | www.academic.oup.com |
- 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) | Five-Option Question |
Electric vehicles are an important part of countries’ efforts to address climate change.
Os veículos elétricos são uma parte importante dos esforços dos países lidar com as mudanças climáticas
In the U.S., for example, gas-powered vehicles are the biggest single source of greenhouse gases, producing more than a quarter of the country’s total emissions.
Nos EUA, por exemplo, os veículos movidos a gasolina são a maior fonte individual de gases com efeito de estufa, produzindo mais de um quarto do total das emissões do país.
“A rapid shift from fossil-fueled combustion engines to electric vehicles is an essential step toward mitigating climate change,” says Coral Davenport, nytimes reporter on environmental issues.
"Uma rápida mudança de motores de combustão movidos a combustíveis fósseis para veículos elétricos é um passo essencial para mitigar as alterações climáticas", afirma Coral Davenport, repórter do NYTimes sobre questões ambientais.
“You can’t solve climate change without getting rid of them.”
"Não se consegue resolver as mudanças climáticas sem nos livrarmos delas".
The U.S. is moving to strengthen pollution standards as well.
Os EUA estão também mobilizando-se para reforçar normas de antipoluição.
The country’s push is also an attempt to keep American industry competitive.
A iniciativa do país é também uma tentativa de manter a indústria americana competitiva.
Europe and China are using regulations and subsidies for automakers to bolster electric vehicles.
A Europa e a China estão utilizando regulamentos e subsídios para montadoras de automóveis impulsionar veículos elétricos.
Europe has proposed banning sales of gas-powered cars by 2035.
A Europa propôs proibir a venda de carros movidos a gasolina até 2035.
Chinese automakers are expanding, with government help, into new markets around the world.
As montadoras de automóveis chinesas estão expandindo-se, com a ajuda do governo, para novos mercados em todo o mundo.
- (www.nytimes.com, 06.08.2021. Adapted.)
16 – In the fragment from the first paragraph “You can’t solve climate change without getting rid of them.”, the underlined term refers to
(A) gas-powered vehicles.
(B) greenhouse gases.
(C) fossil-fueled combustion engines.
(D) pollution standards.
(E) the country’s total emissions.
• Gabarito C
>> “A rapid shift from fossil-fueled combustion engines to electric vehicles is an essential step toward mitigating climate change,” says Coral Davenport, nytimes reporter on environmental issues. “You can’t solve climate change without getting rid of them.”
"Uma rápida transição dos motores de combustão movidos a combustíveis fósseis para os veículos elétricos é um passo essencial para mitigar as alterações climáticas", afirma Coral Davenport, repórter do New York Times sobre questões ambientais. "Não se pode resolver as alterações climáticas sem nos livrarmos deles".
• O pronome THEM refere-se a
(A) gas-powered vehicles.
veículos movidos a gás.
(B) greenhouse gases.
gases de efeito estufa.
(C) fossil-fueled combustion engines.
motores de combustão movidos a combustíveis fósseis.
(D) pollution standards.
normas de antipoluição.
(E) the country’s total emissions.
emissões totais do país.
17 – In the fragment from the second paragraph “Europe and China are using regulations and subsidies for automakers to bolster electric vehicles”, the underlined term can be replaced, without affecting the sentence’s meaning, by
(A) stimulate.
(B) produce.
(C) design.
(D) launch.
(E) prioritise.
• Gabarito A
>> “Europe and China are using regulations and subsidies for automakers to bolster electric vehicles”.
>> The underlined term can be replaced, without affecting the sentence’s meaning, by
(A) stimulate.
estimular.
(B) produce.
produzir.
(C) design.
projetar.
(D) launch.
lançar.
(E) prioritise.
priorizar.
❑ TEXTO 2: Read the paragraph to answer question 18.
One of the most exciting things about today's business environment is the ever-increasing range of collaborative opportunities that technology is bringing to the table. This has only been accelerated by the covid pandemic, which has necessitated a complete rethink of the concept of how we conduct meetings, how we contribute to projects or products and how we interact with our subordinates, peers and managers. ‘Work’ can now potentially be conducted from anywhere and at any time, meaning increased flexibility for employees, and in many cases increased output due to the lack of 'down time' commuting or having to take time off for domestic commitments that can now be managed simultaneously with office duties.
- (www.newsweek.com, 06.08.2021. Adapted.)
18 – The paragraph mentions the following feature of today’s business settings:
(A) more open and flexible interpersonal relations.
(B) cutting edge uses of technology.
(C) increased down time for handling off-work activities.
(D) the adequate balance between home and office commitments.
(E) a redefinition of collaborative paradigms.
• Gabarito E
The paragraph mentions the following feature of today’s business settings:
O parágrafo menciona a seguinte característica do ambiente empresarial atual:
(A) more open and flexible interpersonal relations.
relações interpessoais mais abertas e flexíveis.
(B) cutting edge uses of technology.
Uso de tecnologia de última geração.
(C) increased down time for handling off-work activities.
aumento do tempo de inatividade para lidar com atividades fora do trabalho.
(D) the adequate balance between home and office commitments.
equilíbrio adequado entre os compromissos domésticos e do escritório.
(E) a redefinition of collaborative paradigms.
uma redefinição dos paradigmas colaborativos.
❑ TEXTO: Read the text to answer questions 19 and 20.
Many feel as if the covid-19 pandemic is stealing their present and jeopardising their future.
Muitos sentem como se a pandemia de covid-19 estivesse roubando o seu presente e a pondo em risco o seu futuro.
But this unprecedented global public health emergency is also precipitating the destruction of our past, one piece at a time.
Mas esta emergência global de saúde pública sem precedentes está também a precipitar a destruição do nosso passado, um pedaço de cada vez.
Indeed, the pandemic has exacerbated the theft and trafficking of antiquities and historical manuscripts, eroding our collective memory and ability to share it with future generations.
De fato, a pandemia agravou o roubo e o tráfico de antiguidades e manuscritos históricos, corroendo a nossa memória coletiva e a capacidade de a partilhar com as gerações futuras.
Although the theft of antiquities has been a problem since antiquity itself, its pace has increased during the pandemic, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa — areas rich in heritage sites.
Embora o roubo de antiguidades seja um problema desde a antiguidade, o seu ritmo aumentou durante a pandemia, particularmente no Oriente Médio e no Norte de África — regiões ricas em patrimônio cultural.
- (Hamad Bin Abdulaziz Al-Kuwari. www.aljazeera.com, 30.07.2021. Adapted.)
19 – According to the writer,
(A) covid-19 is robbing people of their expectations about the present and the future.
(B) both the pandemic and the trafficking of relics are to be seen as global emergencies.
(C) the pandemic has facilitated anti-ethical and even illegal attitudes, individual as well as collective ones.
(D) the stealing of antiquities should not surprise us since it is a practice as old as civilization.
(E) the theft of historical objects and documents has helped compromise humanity’s collective memory.
• Gabarito E
According to the writer,
(A) covid-19 is robbing people of their expectations about the present and the future.
(B) both the pandemic and the trafficking of relics are to be seen as global emergencies.
(C) the pandemic has facilitated anti-ethical and even illegal attitudes, individual as well as collective ones.
(D) the stealing of antiquities should not surprise us since it is a practice as old as civilization.
(E) the theft of historical objects and documents has helped compromise humanity’s collective memory.
20 – In the fragment “this unprecedented global public health emergency”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) undesired.
(B) unparalleled.
(C) unanticipated.
(D) unmanageable.
(E) unequivocal.
• Gabarito B
In the fragment “this unprecedented global public health emergency”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) undesired.
(B) unparalleled.
(C) unanticipated.
(D) unmanageable.
(E) unequivocal.
❑ TEXTO: Read the text to answer questions 21 to 23.
An automatic temperature and humidity controller at a pig farm in Jiaxing, China
Um controlador automático de temperatura e humidade numa exploração de suínos em Jiaxing, China
China is taking hog biosecurity to new levels — 13 stories in fact.
A China está levando a biossegurança suína a novos patamares — 13 histórias, na verdade.
That’s the height of a building in southern China where more than 10,000 pigs are kept in a condominium-style complex, complete with restricted access, security cameras, in-house veterinary services and carefully prepared meals.
Esta é a altura de um edifício no sul da China onde mais de 10.000 porcos são mantidos num complexo estilo condomínio, com acesso restrito, câmaras de segurança, serviços veterinários internos e refeições cuidadosamente preparadas.
The seemingly luxurious conditions represent a state-of-the-art approach to biosecurity in which pigs — the main source of meat in China — are shielded from viruses, including the devastating African swine fever that wiped out half the nation’s hogs in the two years before the coronavirus pandemic emerged.
As condições aparentemente luxuosas representam uma abordagem de última geração à biossegurança, na qual os porcos — a principal fonte de carne na China — estão protegidos de vírus, incluindo a devastadora peste suína africana, que exterminou metade dos porcos do país nos dois anos anteriores ao aparecimento da pandemia do coronavírus.
The rise of large hog farms also reflects shifting diets in China. Whereas Beijing focused on fighting hunger and eliminating poverty in past decades, rapid economic development and expanding incomes mean China’s 1.4 billion people are eating more meat, eggs and other animal proteins. That’s driving more-intensive animal production.
O crescimento das grandes explorações de suínos reflete também a mudança na dieta alimentar na China. Enquanto Pequim se tem concentrado no combate à fome e na eliminação da pobreza nas últimas décadas, o rápido desenvolvimento económico e a expansão dos rendimentos significam que 1,4 mil milhões de chineses estão a consumir mais carne, ovos e outras proteínas animais. Isto está a impulsionar a produção animal mais intensiva.
- (www.bloomberg.com, 02.08.2021. Adapted.)
21 – The text
(A) describes vertical pig farms built to guarantee better biosecurity.
(B) questions the luxury of buildings aimed at hosting animals rather than humans.
(C) enumerates actions by the Chinese government to shield animals from a variety of deadly diseases.
(D) details the biotechnology methods employed in animal raising in China.
(E) advertises measures by the Chinese government to provide the population with more animal proteins.
• Gabarito A
The text
(A) describes vertical pig farms built to guarantee better biosecurity.
(B) questions the luxury of buildings aimed at hosting animals rather than humans.
(C) enumerates actions by the Chinese government to shield animals from a variety of deadly diseases.
(D) details the biotechnology methods employed in animal raising in China.
(E) advertises measures by the Chinese government to provide the population with more animal proteins.
22 – In the last sentence of the text “That’s driving more-intensive animal production.”, the term underlined refers to:
(A) Beijing’s huge hog farms.
(B) China’s population of 1.4 billion people.
(C) Beijing’s fight against hunger and poverty.
(D) Chinese people’s new dieting behavior.
(E) China’s need to feed their huge population.
• Gabarito D
In the last sentence of the text “That’s driving more-intensive animal production.”, the term underlined refers to:
(A) Beijing’s huge hog farms.
(B) China’s population of 1.4 billion people.
(C) Beijing’s fight against hunger and poverty.
(D) Chinese people’s new dieting behavior.
(E) China’s need to feed their huge population.
23 – In the fragment from the fourth paragraph “Whereas Beijing focused on fighting hunger and eliminating poverty in past decades”, the term “whereas” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) since.
(B) because.
(C) while.
(D) although.
(E) despite.
• Gabarito C
(A) since.
(B) because.
(C) while.
(D) although.
(E) despite.
- “[...] The rise of large hog farms also reflects shifting diets in China. Whereas Beijing focused on fighting hunger and eliminating poverty in past decades, rapid economic development and expanding incomes mean China’s 1.4 billion people are eating more meat, eggs and other animal proteins.
- A ascensão de grandes fazendas de suínos também reflete mudanças nas dietas na China. Embora Pequim se concentrara no combate à fome e na eliminação da pobreza nas últimas décadas, o rápido desenvolvimento econômico e a expansão dos rendimentos significam que os 1,4 mil milhões de habitantes da China estão comendo mais carne, ovos e outras proteínas animais.
- "WHEREAS" - apresenta ideia de CONTRASTE, ou seja, "despite the fact that" e sendo assim, pode ser corretamente substituída, sem alterar o sentido do texto, por While.
- DICA IMPORTANTE:
- (1) A depender do contexto, "WHILE" pode expressar ideia de tempo, durante um evento (during the time that / at the same time as) ou ideia de contraste ("despite the fact that", "WHEREAS").
❑ TEXTO: Read the text to answer questions 24 and 25.
Notwithstanding the current turbulent socio-economic conditions in the country, Vice President Yemi Osinbajo has insisted that generating economic growth, developing human capital, and building Nigeria’s infrastructural backbone is doable.
Apesar das atuais condições socioeconômicas turbulentas no país, o vice-presidente Yemi Osinbajo insistiu que gerar crescimento econômico, desenvolver capital humano e construir as infra-estruturas básicas da Nigéria é viável.
To achieve this, Osinbajo said all tiers of government and critical partners ought to be focused, open-minded and collaborative in meeting shared aspirations to provide better and decent jobs for Nigerians, especially the youths.
Para isso, Osinbajo afirmou que todos os níveis de governo e parceiros essenciais devem estar focados, abertos e colaborativos para atender às aspirações partilhadas de proporcionar empregos melhores e mais decentes aos nigerianos, especialmente aos jovens.
- (Terhemba Daka. www.guardian.ng, 06.08.2021. Adapted.)
24 – The word which introduces the paragraph can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) in spite of.
(B) on account of.
(C) as a result of.
(D) in addition to.
(E) as an alternative to.
• Gabarito D
The word which introduces the paragraph can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) in spite of.
(B) on account of.
(C) as a result of.
(D) in addition to.
(E) as an alternative to.
25 – In the fragment “all tiers of government and critical partners ought to be focused, open-minded and collaborative”, the underlind terms carry the idea of
(A) obligation.
(B) preference.
(C) necessity.
(D) capacity.
(E) possibility.
• Gabarito C
In the fragment “all tiers of government and critical partners ought to be focused, open-minded and collaborative”, the underlind terms carry the idea of
(A) obligation.
(B) preference.
(C) necessity.
(D) capacity.
(E) possibility.
❑ TEXTO: Read the text to answer question 26.
Online, Generation Z (ages 9-24) has been criticising numerous aspects of mainstream Millennial (ages 25-40) style, namely their affections for side-parted hair and skinny jeans.
Online, a Geração Z (dos 9 aos 24 anos) tem criticado vários aspetos do estilo mainstream da geração Millennial (dos 25 aos 40 anos), principalmente a sua preferência por cabelos com risco ao lado e skinny jeans.
In the process they have unleashed a tidal wave of bold, self-conscious and downright spiteful reactions from Millennials.
Com isto, desencadearam uma onda de reações ousadas, constrangidas e francamente maldosas por parte dos Millennials.
The trending dispute is so impassioned, not due to a lifelong allegiance to the particular jeans or hairstyle in question, but because the accusation of being outdated has forced Millennials to face an uncomfortable truth: there's been a transfer of generational power.
A disputa sobre as tendências é tão acesa, não por uma fidelidade de longa data aos jeans ou ao penteado em questão, mas porque a acusação de estarem ultrapassados obrigou os Millennials a encarar uma verdade incômoda: houve uma transferência de poder geracional.
- (Cassidy George. www.bbc.com, 22.02.2021. Adapted.)
26 – According to the text, Generation Z’s criticism of mainstream Millenials
(A) reveals the lack of affection of youngsters towards older people.
(B) has sparked an excessively aggressive dialogue between the two groups.
(C) has been seen as unjustifiable judgement of one group towards the other.
(D) did not come out as heated a dispute as one would have expected.
(E) reflects the growth of the social influence of the former.
• Gabarito E
According to the text, Generation Z’s criticism of mainstream Millenials
De acordo com o texto, as críticas da Geração Z aos Millennials tradicionais
(A) reveals the lack of affection of youngsters towards older people.
revelam a falta de afeto dos jovens em relação aos mais velhos.
(B) has sparked an excessively aggressive dialogue between the two groups.
desencadearam um diálogo demasiado agressivo entre os dois grupos.
(C) has been seen as unjustifiable judgement of one group towards the other.
foram vistas como um juízo injustificável de um grupo em relação ao outro.
(D) did not come out as heated a dispute as one would have expected.
não resultaram numa disputa tão acesa como se poderia esperar.
(E) reflects the growth of the social influence of the former.
refletem o crescimento da influência social do primeiro.
❑ TEXTO: Read the text and the graphs to answer questions 27 to 29.
https://www.economist.com
Apart from the impact on the environment, increasing use of air conditioning (AC) could have social and political effects. A new paper by researchers from the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Mannheim set out to understand the relationships between climate, income and residential air conditioning. Their model suggested that wider use of AC will save lives that would otherwise be taken by heartstroke or the exacerbation of other health conditions — 550,000 a year by 2050 in India alone — but it will disproportionately benefit those with higher incomes. Poorer people without AC are more likely to be less productive or to die than those who can afford it. Heat hinders learning and lowers test scores, causing poorer children to fall behind. And the use of AC itself contributes to global warming, making life even hotter for everyone.
- (www.economist.com, 10.08.2021. Adapted.)
27 – The graphs confirm the following idea from the text:
(A) income and household use of AC are tightly connected.
(B) a country’s climate is the most important factor in air-conditioning use.
(C) air-conditioning use brings greater benefits to those with higher incomes.
(D) air-conditioning use alone is a reliable measure of a country’s wealth.
(E) the world’s richest people with AC at home come from the wealthiest countries.
• Gabarito A
The graphs confirm the following idea from the text:
Os gráficos confirmam a seguinte ideia do texto:
(A) income and household use of AC are tightly connected.
o rendimento e o uso doméstico do ar condicionado estão intimamente relacionados.
(B) a country’s climate is the most important factor in air-conditioning use.
o clima de um país é o fator mais importante na utilização do ar condicionado.
(C) air-conditioning use brings greater benefits to those with higher incomes.
o uso do ar condicionado traz maiores benefícios para quem tem rendimentos mais elevados.
(D) air-conditioning use alone is a reliable measure of a country’s wealth.
a utilização do ar condicionado por si só é uma medida fiável da riqueza de um país.
(E) the world’s richest people with AC at home come from the wealthiest countries.
as pessoas mais ricas do mundo com ar condicionado em casa são oriundas dos países mais ricos.
28 – According to the text,
(A) air-conditioning use should be limited to places with exceedingly high temperatures.
(B) wider use of AC has saved lives, so its use should be fostered in special circumstances and countries.
(C) poor productivity of adults at work and of children at school result, to a great extent, from long- -term heat exposure.
(D) air-conditioning use can contradictorily add to the problem it is trying to mitigate.
(E) environmental and social-political burdens of AC must be seen as equally worrisome.
• Gabarito D
According to the text,
De acordo com o texto,
(A) air-conditioning use should be limited to places with exceedingly high temperatures.
a utilização do ar condicionado deve ser limitada a locais com temperaturas extremamente elevadas.
(B) wider use of AC has saved lives, so its use should be fostered in special circumstances and countries.
a utilização mais ampla do ar condicionado salvou vidas, pelo que a sua utilização deve ser encorajada em circunstâncias e países especiais.
(C) poor productivity of adults at work and of children at school result, to a great extent, from long-term heat exposure.
a baixa produtividade dos adultos no trabalho e das crianças na escola resulta, em grande parte, da exposição prolongada ao calor.
(D) air-conditioning use can contradictorily add to the problem it is trying to mitigate.
a utilização do ar condicionado pode, contraditoriamente, agravar o problema que está tentando mitigar.
(E) environmental and social-political burdens of AC must be seen as equally worrisome.
os encargos ambientais e sociopolíticos do ar condicionado devem ser encarados como igualmente preocupantes.
29 – The expression “Apart from”, on the first line of the text, introduces the idea of
(A) contrast.
(B) addition.
(C) alternative.
(D) cause.
(E) condition.
• Gabarito B
The expression “Apart from”, on the first line of the text, introduces the idea of
(A) contrast.
(B) addition.
(C) alternative.
(D) cause.
(E) condition.
30 – ABSTRACT. This study aimed to investigate the point of intersection of teachers’ and learners’ perceptions regarding language learning strategies. Using an original questionnaire developed in a classroom situation, the study examined reported frequency of strategy use by international students and teacher perceptions regarding the importance of strategy use. There was a high level of accord (71 per cent) between strategies which students reported using highly frequently and those which teachers reported regarding as highly important, an encouraging finding somewhat at variance with the results of some previous studies. Implications of these results for the teaching/learning situation are discussed.
- (Carol Griffiths. www.academic.oup.com. Adapted.)
The description on the final lines of the text “an encouraging finding somewhat at variance with the results of some previous studies” means that
(A) the findings were completely different from what the researchers had expected.
(B) the main research finding confirmed antecipations by the researcher.
(C) the study reached results which, to some extent, differed from those in former research.
(D) arriving at findings which confirmed results from prior studies was encouraging.
(E) finding variances was a somewhat simple but encouraging result of the research process.
• Gabarito C
The description on the final lines of the text “an encouraging finding somewhat at variance with the results of some previous studies” means that
A descrição nas linhas finais do texto “uma descoberta encorajadora, algo divergente dos resultados de alguns estudos anteriores” significa que
(A) the findings were completely different from what the researchers had expected.
as descobertas foram completamente diferentes do que os investigadores esperavam.
(B) the main research finding confirmed antecipations by the researcher.
a principal descoberta da investigação confirmou as expectativas do investigador.
(C) the study reached results which, to some extent, differed from those in former research.
o estudo chegou a resultados que, em certa medida, diferiam dos de pesquisas anteriores.
(D) arriving at findings which confirmed results from prior studies was encouraging.
chegar a descobertas que confirmassem os resultados de estudos anteriores foi encorajador.
(E) finding variances was a somewhat simple but encouraging result of the research process.
encontrar variâncias foi um resultado algo simples, mas encorajador, do processo de investigação.
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