Postagens
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: FGV/SP-2020-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-2ºSEMESTRE-26/07/2020.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ 15 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
➭ Text (1) – RUM IN VENEZUELA – The Economist. (8 questions)
➭ Text (2) – A POLAR AFFAIR – Natural History. (7 questions)
❑ TEXTO 1: Texto para as perguntas de 1 a 8.
RUM IN VENEZUELA
1 Some wondered if the bosses of Venezuela’s oldest rum company had been sampling [provando] too much of their product. In January, with Venezuela
in one of the deepest recessions in modern world history, Ron Santa Teresa launched the country’s first public share issue [oferta de ações ao público] in
more than a decade. The new equity [ações, participação financeira] was priced in bolívares, the world’s worst performing currency. Others speculated
that the rum-maker, which daringly notes on its website that its distillery in the Aragua valley near Caracas has survived “wars, revolutions, invasions,
even dictators”, had decided that change was taking place.
2 Evidence of the second interpretation is that the latest dictator, Nicolás Maduro, has recently become a capitalist, sort of. The disciple of Hugo Chávez
(whose "21st-century socialism" set Venezuela on its road to ruin) has quietly lifted price controls and restrictions on dollar transactions. He now says firms
can issue shares in hard currencies [moedas estáveis, de confiança]. He is thought to be contemplating a sale to foreign investors of a stake [participação
financeira] in PDVSA, the decrepit state oil company.
3 Ron Santa Teresa’s president, Alberto Vollmer, a fifth-generation rum-maker, says the company, whose shares were already listed, needs the money
to buy barrels and build warehouses. It signed an international-distribution deal with Bacardi in 2016. Mr. Maduro’s tentative pro-market turn is “a happy
coincidence”, he says. The sale of 1 million shares, which raised the equivalent of $300,000, was a fillip [estímulo] for the near-dormant stock market,
which lists just 31 companies. Demand exceeded supply.
4 The investors are not as daft [tolos, malucos] as you might think. Although denominated in bolívares, share prices tend to keep pace with inflation. This
has dropped, from an annual rate of more than 2 million% early in 2019 to a mere 9,500% for the year. That is partly because the government has increased
the amount of reserves that banks must hold.
5 But this has caused a shortage of bolívares. The total amount of bank loans is the equivalent of $225 million, less than 0.5% of GDP [PIB]. Sanctions
imposed by the United States and EU have made lending harder. The share issue raised more money in a day than the large banks could lend to Mr Vollmer’s
firm.
6 No one expects a dramatic recovery of the economy, which has shrunk by two-thirds since Mr Maduro took over from Chávez in 2013. But Mr Vollmer
welcomes the shift towards pragmatism. ”That is what happens when you run out of money to fund ideas that didn’t work.”
Adapted from The Economist, February 8th 2020.
01 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
The article’s first sentence
– “Some wondered if the bosses of
Venezuela’s oldest rum company had been sampling too much of their
own product” –
was most likely written to
(A) severely criticize an obviously disastrous business decision.
(B) highlight in an amusing way the historical popularity of Ron Santa
Teresa rum in Venezuela.
(C) present in an ironic way one negative opinion of a traditional
company’s apparently unusual financial decision.
(D) point sarcastically at some of the reasons for Venezuela’s disastrous
economy.
(E) emphasize how various companies in Venezuela are finding
innovative ways to survive in a bad economy.
__Gabarito: (C)__
A primeira frase do artigo
“Some wondered if the bosses of Venezuela’s oldest rum company had been sampling too much of their own product.”
(Alguns se perguntavam se os chefes da empresa de rum mais antiga da Venezuela estavam provando demais de seu produto.)
provavelmente foi escrito para
*Alternativa (A): severely criticize an obviously disastrous business decision.
(CRITICAR severamente uma decisão de negócios obviamente desastrosa.)
*Alternativa (B): highlight in an amusing way the historical popularity of Ron Santa Teresa rum in Venezuela.
(DESTACAR forma divertida a popularidade histórica do rum Ron Santa Teresa na Venezuela.)
*Alternativa (C): present in an ironic way one negative opinion of a traditional company’s apparently unusual financial decision.
(APRESENTAR de forma irônica uma opinião negativa sobre a decisão financeira aparentemente incomum de uma empresa tradicional.)
CORRETA - com a Venezuela em uma das recessões mais profundas da história do mundo moderno, Ron Santa Teresa lançou a primeira oferta de ações ao público em mais de uma década, conforme o trecho:
➭ Some wondered if the bosses of Venezuela’s oldest rum company had been sampling too much of their product. In January, with Venezuela in one of the deepest recessions in modern world history, Ron Santa Teresa launched the country’s first public share issue [oferta de ações ao público] in more than a decade.
(Alguns se perguntavam se os chefes da empresa de rum mais antiga da Venezuela estavam provando [provando] demais de seu produto. Em janeiro, com a Venezuela em uma das recessões mais profundas da história do mundo moderno, Ron Santa Teresa lançou a primeira emissão pública de ações do país em mais de uma década.)
➭ TO SAMPLE (to taste a small amount of food or drink to decide if you like it)- PROVAR, EXPERIMENTAR.
*Alternativa (D): point sarcastically at some of the reasons for Venezuela’s disastrous economy.
(APONTAR sarcasticamente algumas das razões para a economia desastrosa da Venezuela.)
*Alternativa (E): emphasize how various companies in Venezuela are finding innovative ways to survive in a bad economy.
(ENFATIZAR como várias empresas na Venezuela estão encontrando maneiras inovadoras de sobreviver em uma economia ruim.)
02 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
The information in the article most supports which of the following?
(A) Ron Santa Teresa was forced to sell shares as part of an
international-distribution agreement.
(B) Ron Santa Teresa committed a terrible financial mistake when it
priced its shares in bolívares.
(C) To issue shares in an economy as precarious as Venezuela’s, the
directors of a company would have to be either incompetent or
desperate.
(D) Ron Santa Teresa has survived worse economic situations than the
one it is in right now.
(E) The fact that Ron Santa Teresa’s share offer was priced in bolívares
was probably not its most troublesome aspect.
__Gabarito: (E)__
The information in the article most supports which of the following?
(A informação contida no artigo apoia qual das seguintes opções?)
*Alternativa (A): Ron Santa Teresa was forced to sell shares as part of an international-distribution agreement.
(A Ron Santa Teresa foi obrigada a vender ações no âmbito de um acordo de distribuição internacional.)
*Alternativa (B): Ron Santa Teresa committed a terrible financial mistake when it priced its shares in bolívares.
(Ron Santa Teresa cometeu um terrível erro financeiro ao fixar o preço das suas acções em bolívares.)
*Alternativa (C): To issue shares in an economy as precarious as Venezuela’s, the directors of a company would have to be either incompetent or desperate.
(Para emitir ações numa economia tão precária como a da Venezuela, os administradores de uma empresa teriam de ser incompetentes ou desesperados.)
*Alternativa (D): Ron Santa Teresa has survived worse economic situations than the one it is in right now.
(A Ron Santa Teresa já sobreviveu a situações econômicas piores do que aquela em que se encontra atualmente.)
*Alternativa (E): The fact that Ron Santa Teresa’s share offer was priced in bolívares was probably not its most troublesome aspect.
(O fato de a oferta de ações da Ron Santa Teresa ser cotada em bolívares não era provavelmente o seu aspecto mais problemático.)
03 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
The first word of paragraph 2 – “Evidence” – most likely refers (at least
in part) to which of the following?
(A) Nicolás Maduro has begun openly to repudiate the policies of Hugo
Chávez.
(B) Nicolás Maduro has recently come out unconditionally on the side
of capitalism as opposed to socialism.
(C) Despite government propaganda affirming the contrary, price
controls in Venezuela are now stronger than ever.
(D) Companies in Venezuela wanting to sell shares to investors no
longer need to price those shares in bolívares.
(E) It is only a question of time before a controlling interest in PDVSA,
Venezuela’s state oil company, will be sold to foreign investors.
__Gabarito: (D)__
The first word of paragraph 2 – “Evidence” – most likely refers (at least in part) to which of the following?
*Alternativa (A): Nicolás Maduro has begun openly to repudiate the policies of Hugo Chávez.
(Nicolás Maduro começou a repudiar abertamente as políticas de Hugo Chávez.)
*Alternativa (B): Nicolás Maduro has recently come out unconditionally on the side of capitalism as opposed to socialism.
(Recentemente, Nicolás Maduro posicionou-se incondicionalmente a favor do capitalismo e não do socialismo.)
➭ TO COME OUT - POSICIONAR-SE, REVELAR-SE.
*Alternativa (C): Despite government propaganda affirming the contrary, price controls in Venezuela are now stronger than ever.
(Apesar da propaganda governamental afirmar o contrário, o controle dos preços na Venezuela está agora mais forte do que nunca.)
*Alternativa (D): Companies in Venezuela wanting to sell shares to investors no longer need to price those shares in bolívares.
(As empresas venezuelanas que pretendam vender ações aos investidores já não precisam de fixar o preço dessas ações em bolívares.)
*Alternativa (E): It is only a question of time before a controlling interest in PDVSA, Venezuela’s state oil company, will be sold to foreign investors.
(É apenas uma questão de tempo até que uma participação de controle na PDVSA, a empresa petrolífera estatal da Venezuela, seja vendida a investidores estrangeiros.)
04 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
With respect to Venezuela’s economy, the information in the article
most supports which of the following?
(A) It is undeniable that Nicolás Maduro’s economic policies are worse
than those of Hugo Chávez.
(B) Because Venezuela’s economy had collapsed, Ron Santa Teresa
could save itself only by building up its production and storage
capacity in order to export.
(C) Alberto Vollmer had no way of knowing that Nicolás Maduro was
going to loosen government controls on Venezuela’s market.
(D) After the success of its first public share issue, Ron Santa Teresa is
now planning to sell more of its shares to the public.
(E) It is probably unfair to say that Venezuela’s economic problems
resulted exclusively from Nicolás Maduro’s policies.
__Gabarito: (D)__
With respect to Venezuela’s economy, the information in the article most supports which of the following?
(No que diz respeito à economia da Venezuela, a informação contida no artigo apoia qual das seguintes afirmações?)
*Alternativa (A): It is undeniable that Nicolás Maduro’s economic policies are worse than those of Hugo Chávez.
(É inegável que a política econômica de Nicolás Maduro é pior do que a de Hugo Chávez.)
➭ UNDENIABLE – INEGÁVEL, EVIDENTE.
*Alternativa (B): Because Venezuela’s economy had collapsed, Ron Santa Teresa could save itself only by building up its production and storage capacity in order to export.
(Como a economia venezuelana entrou em colapso, a Ron Santa Teresa só poderia se salvar aumentando sua capacidade de produção e armazenamento para exportar.)
*Alternativa (C): Alberto Vollmer had no way of knowing that Nicolás Maduro was going to loosen government controls on Venezuela’s market.
(Alberto Vollmer não tinha como saber que Nicolás Maduro iria afrouxar os controles do governo sobre o mercado venezuelano.)
*Alternativa (D): After the success of its first public share issue, Ron Santa Teresa is now planning to sell more of its shares to the public.
(Após o sucesso da sua primeira emissão pública de ações, a Ron Santa Teresa está agora planejando vender mais ações ao público.)
*Alternativa (E): It is probably unfair to say that Venezuela’s economic problems resulted exclusively from Nicolás Maduro’s policies.
(É provavelmente injusto dizer que os problemas econômicos da Venezuela resultaram exclusivamente das políticas de Nicolás Maduro.)
05 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
The “happy coincidence” mentioned in paragraph 3 most likely refers
to the fact that
(A) Ron Santa Teresa launched its public share issue at the same time
that Nicolás Maduro became more market friendly.
(B) Ron Santa Teresa entered into an international-distribution
agreement at the same time that Nicolás Maduro became more
market-friendly.
(C) Ron Santa Teresa succeeded in selling all of its shares in dollars, just
before Venezuela’s currency suffered another serious devaluation.
(D) Ron Santa Teresa’s successful public share issue also gave new life
to Venezuela’s moribund stock market.
(E) Venezuela’s economy came back to life exactly when Ron Santa
Teresa decided to issue shares.
__Gabarito: (A)__
The “happy coincidence” mentioned in paragraph 3 most likely refers to the fact that...
*Alternativa (A): Ron Santa Teresa launched its public share issue at the same time that Nicolás Maduro became more market friendly.
(A Ron Santa Teresa lançou a sua emissão pública de ações ao mesmo tempo que Nicolás Maduro se tornou mais favorável ao mercado.)
*Alternativa (B): Ron Santa Teresa entered into an international-distribution agreement at the same time that Nicolás Maduro became more market-friendly.
(Ron Santa Teresa celebrou um acordo de distribuição internacional na mesma altura em que Nicolás Maduro se tornou mais amigo do mercado.)
*Alternativa (C): Ron Santa Teresa succeeded in selling all of its shares in dollars, just before Venezuela’s currency suffered another serious devaluation.
(Ron Santa Teresa conseguiu vender todas as suas ações em dólares, mesmo antes de a moeda venezuelana sofrer outra desvalorização grave.)
➭ CURRENCY – MOEDA CORRENTE.
*Alternativa (D): Ron Santa Teresa’s successful public share issue also gave new life to Venezuela’s moribund stock market.
(A bem-sucedida emissão pública de ações da Ron Santa Teresa também deu nova vida ao moribundo mercado de ações da Venezuela.)
*Alternativa (E): Venezuela’s economy came back to life exactly when Ron Santa Teresa decided to issue shares.
(A economia da Venezuela voltou à vida exatamente quando Ron Santa Teresa decidiu emitir ações.)
06 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
The first sentence of paragraph 4
– “The investors are not as daft as you
might think” –
most likely refers to which of the following?
(A) Since Ron Santa Teresa shares are no longer available, the investors
have already made an excellent profit.
(B) The fact that the bolívar is the world’s worst performing currency
will, by itself, probably have little impact on the future value of Ron
Santa Teresa’s shares.
(C) The fact that inflation is now falling in Venezuela will give an extra
impetus to the value of Ron Santa Teresa shares.
(D) Considering the precarious state of Venezuela’s economy, investing
in a stable, prosperous company like Ron Santa Teresa makes good
sense.
(E) The large volume of foreign investment money that will now enter
Ron Santa Teresa will significantly raise the price of that company’s
shares.
__Gabarito: (B)__
The first sentence of paragraph 4
“The investors are not as daft as you might think”
(Os investidores não são tão atrevidos quanto você pode pensar)
most likely refers to which of the following?
*Alternativa (A): Since Ron Santa Teresa shares are no longer available, the investors have already made an excellent profit.
(Como as ações da Ron Santa Teresa não estão mais disponíveis, os investidores já obtiveram um excelente lucro.)
*Alternativa (B): The fact that the bolívar is the world’s worst performing currency will, by itself, probably have little impact on the future value of Ron Santa Teresa’s shares.
(O fato de o bolívar ser a moeda de pior desempenho do mundo provavelmente terá pouco impacto no valor futuro das ações da Ron Santa Teresa.)
*Alternativa (C): The fact that inflation is now falling in Venezuela will give an extra impetus to the value of Ron Santa Teresa shares.
(O fato de a inflação agora estar caindo na Venezuela dará um impulso extra ao valor das ações da Ron Santa Teresa.)
*Alternativa (D): Considering the precarious state of Venezuela’s economy, investing in a stable, prosperous company like Ron Santa Teresa makes good sense.
(Considerando o estado precário da economia da Venezuela, investir em uma empresa estável e próspera como a Ron Santa Teresa faz sentido.)
*Alternativa (E): The large volume of foreign investment money that will now enter Ron Santa Teresa will significantly raise the price of that company’s shares.
(O grande volume de dinheiro de investimento estrangeiro que agora entrará na Ron Santa Teresa elevará significativamente o preço das ações daquela empresa.)
07 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
According to the information in the article, recent pro-market decisions
taken by Nicolás Maduro and his government have most likely led to all
of the following except
(A) Venezuela’s stock market now lists a total of 31 companies.
(B) companies needing large amounts of capital may be encouraged to
issue shares rather than borrow money from banks.
(C) certain parts of the economic orientation established by Hugo
Chávez are now being discreetly rejected.
(D) the successful fight against inflation has caused at least one
problem for Venezuela’s banks.
(E) despite sanctions imposed by the United States and the EU, it is
now easier to work with dollars in Venezuela.
__Gabarito: (A)__
According to the information in the article, recent pro-market decisions taken by Nicolás Maduro and his government have most likely led to all of the following except
(De acordo com as informações do artigo, as recentes decisões pró-mercado tomadas por Nicolás Maduro e seu governo provavelmente levaram a todos os seguintes, exceto)
*Alternativa (A): Venezuela’s stock market now lists a total of 31 companies.
(O mercado de ações da Venezuela agora lista um total de 31 empresas.)
*Alternativa (B): companies needing large amounts of capital may be encouraged to issue shares rather than borrow money from banks.
(as empresas que precisam de grandes quantias de capital podem ser encorajadas a emitir ações em vez de pedir dinheiro emprestado aos bancos.)
*Alternativa (C): certain parts of the economic orientation established by Hugo Chávez are now being discreetly rejected.
(certain parts of the economic orientation established by Hugo Chávez are now being discreetly rejected.)
*Alternativa (D): the successful fight against inflation has caused at least one problem for Venezuela’s banks.
(a luta bem-sucedida contra a inflação causou pelo menos um problema para os bancos da Venezuela.)
*Alternativa (E): despite sanctions imposed by the United States and the EU, it is now easier to work with dollars in Venezuela.
(apesar das sanções impostas pelos Estados Unidos e pela UE, agora é mais fácil trabalhar com dólares na Venezuela.)
08 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
“That” – the first word in the article’s last sentence – most likely refers
to
(A) Ron Santa Teresa’s reluctant decision to issue shares priced in
bolívares.
(B) the current shortage of bolívares, which makes it difficult for
Venezuela’s banks to lend significant amounts of money.
(C) Nicolás Maduro’s tentative but noticeable rejection of certain
socialist principles in favor of capitalism.
(D) the destruction of Venezuela’s economy that began during the
government of Hugo Chávez and has continued during the
government of Nicolás Maduro.
(E) the application of specific economic policies that have finally begun
to reduce Venezuela’s galloping inflation.
__Gabarito: (C)__
“That” – the first word in the article’s last sentence – most likely refers to
*Alternativa (A): Ron Santa Teresa’s reluctant decision to issue shares priced in bolívares.
*Alternativa (B): the current shortage of bolívares, which makes it difficult for Venezuela’s banks to lend significant amounts of money.
*Alternativa (C): Nicolás Maduro’s tentative but noticeable rejection of certain socialist principles in favor of capitalism.(A rejeição provisória mas perceptível de Nicolás Maduro de certos princípios socialistas em favor do capitalismo.)
*Alternativa (D): the destruction of Venezuela’s economy that began during the government of Hugo Chávez and has continued during the government of Nicolás Maduro.
*Alternativa (E): the application of specific economic policies that have finally begun to reduce Venezuela’s galloping inflation.
❑ TEXTO 2: Texto para as perguntas de 9 a 15
A POLAR AFFAIR
1
A report this past summer that two male penguins at the Berlin Zoo had adopted and were hatching an egg was no surprise to New Zealand naturalist
Lloyd Spencer Davis. From his decades of field work, he knew penguin behavior included homosexuality, infidelity, divorce, rape, and even necrophilia.
However, he had been surprised a few years earlier to learn that these behaviors had been discovered by the author of the very first book on penguins,
George Murray Levick, a surgeon and naturalist on Robert Scott's 1911 Antarctic expedition.
2
Levick, in keeping with the public morality of Victorian England, found penguin sex reprehensible, confining his observations to logbook entries
encrypted in Greek characters. His short paper on the subject as a chapter in his landmark Antarctic Penguins: A Study of their Social Habits, was
suppressed by the publisher and remained unknown until 2012, when a copy was found in a file box at the British Museum. Antarctic Penguins, thoroughly
bowdlerized [expurgado], "treats the mating behavior of the penguins as if they were married couples," writes Davis. As a result, "pretty much every book,
documentary and scientific paper" up until the late 1990s, "collectively suggest that penguins are prim and proper [recatados e bem comportados],
monogamous little creatures that mate for life.”
3
To correct the historical and biological record, and to give belated credit to the man who discovered a century earlier the sexual life of penguins, Davis
consulted Levick’s original notes and visited important sites in the naturalist’s career. The result is the book A Polar Affair: Antarctica’s Forgotten Hero and
the Secret Love Lives of Penguins, an expert journalistic retelling of the Antarctic expeditions of the early twentieth century, centered on Levick’s year of
observing penguins. The climax of what otherwise would have been routine field work is a harrowing [horrível, traumático] trek by Levick and several
companions to explore Antarctica’s north coast, where they were forced to spend the winter in a snow cave. Without Levick’s rationing of seal meat and
his community-building readings from a book of stories, no one would have survived. Levick’s saga [narrativa épica] is interwoven with well-worn threads
about the explorers Scott, Nansen, Amundsen, and Shackleton, occasionally interspersed [entremeada] with evolutionary insights Davis gleaned [colheu]
from his own observations of penguins.
4
Ironically, the sex lives of the humans in this story are as tangled [embaraçadas, complicadas] as those of the penguins. Fridtjof Nansen was as famous
for his romantic conquests as his "conquests of Arctic regions." Roald Amundsen dallied [namorava por divertimento] with married women. Robert Scott's
wife, Kathleen Bruce, embodied raw sexual selection – she chose Scott, according to her own testimony, so she could bear [dar luz a] a hero's son – and
she may have had liaisons with several of his friends. Murray Levick, notably, is one of the few figures in this book to have comported himself as a
supposedly proper penguin. Davis's book is, thus, a welcome look behind the scenes, representing Levick as a brilliant explorer and a keen observer of
nature.
Adapted from Natural History, October 2019
09 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
According to the information in the article, Lloyd Spencer Davis
(A) discovered and wrote about two male penguins at the Berlin Zoo
that had adopted and were hatching an egg.
(B) did field work that mirrored certain discoveries that George Murray
Levick had made in his own field work.
(C) was surprised to discover that all of his field work had been
anticipated many years before by George Murray Levick’s field
work.
(D) is the author most responsible for rehabilitating the posthumous
reputation of the surgeon and naturalist George Murray Levick.
(E) is the naturalist most responsible for exposing the dark, even
scandalous nature of penguins.
__Gabarito: (B)__
According to the information in the article, Lloyd Spencer Davis
(De acordo com as informações do artigo, Lloyd Spencer Davis)
*Alternativa (A): discovered and wrote about two male penguins at the Berlin Zoo that had adopted and were hatching an egg.
(descobriu e escreveu sobre dois pinguins machos no Zoológico de Berlim que adotaram e estavam chocando um ovo.)
*Alternativa (B): did field work that mirrored certain discoveries that George Murray Levick had made in his own field work.
(fez um trabalho de campo que refletiu certas descobertas que George Murray Levick fez em seu próprio trabalho de campo.)
*Alternativa (C): was surprised to discover that all of his field work had been anticipated many years before by George Murray Levick’s field work.
(ficou surpreso ao descobrir que todo o seu trabalho de campo havia sido antecipado muitos anos antes pelo trabalho de campo de George Murray Levick.)
*Alternativa (D): is the author most responsible for rehabilitating the posthumous reputation of the surgeon and naturalist George Murray Levick.
(é o autor maior responsável por reabilitar a reputação póstuma do cirurgião e naturalista George Murray Levick.)
*Alternativa (E): is the naturalist most responsible for exposing the dark, even scandalous nature of penguins.
(é o naturalista mais responsável por expor a natureza obscura e até escandalosa dos pinguins.)
10 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
The information in the article most supports which of the following?
(A) To a certain extent, the public morality of Victorian England
discouraged the dissemination of key scientific information about
penguins.
(B) If Lloyd Spencer Davis had not decided to make a thorough study of
penguins, George Murray Levick’s discoveries would have
remained hidden.
(C) The fact that George Murray Levick wrote in Greek about the sex life
of penguins is proof that he never intended to make that
information public.
(D) If the results of George Murray Levick’s field work had not been
translated from Greek to English in 2012, the public would still not
know key information about the sex lives of penguins.
(E) The history of George Murray Levick’s scientific studies of penguins
shows that science and public morality are antagonistic and must
be kept separate.
__Gabarito: (A)__
The information in the article most supports which of the following?
*Alternativa (A): To a certain extent, the public morality of Victorian England discouraged the dissemination of key scientific information about penguins.
*Alternativa (B): If Lloyd Spencer Davis had not decided to make a thorough study of penguins, George Murray Levick’s discoveries would have remained hidden.
*Alternativa (C): The fact that George Murray Levick wrote in Greek about the sex life of penguins is proof that he never intended to make that information public.
*Alternativa (D): If the results of George Murray Levick’s field work had not been translated from Greek to English in 2012, the public would still not know key information about the sex lives of penguins.
*Alternativa (E): The history of George Murray Levick’s scientific studies of penguins shows that science and public morality are antagonistic and must be kept separate.
11 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
With respect to the book Antarctic Penguins: A Study of their Social
Habits, the information in the article supports all of the following
except
(A) unofficial censorship damaged the quality of the book but did not
eliminate its importance.
(B) thanks in part to the British Museum, certain old, erroneous ideas
attributed to George Murray Levick were finally corrected.
(C) the book was so important that the data it presented about the sex
lives of penguins was never contradicted until the end of the 1990s.
(D) according to Lloyd Spencer Davis, the book seems to give the idea
that married couples do not engage in “scandalous” sexual
behavior.
(E) hiding the full truth about the sex lives of penguins may have been
more a decision of the book’s publisher than of the book’s author.
__Gabarito: (C)__
With respect to the book Antarctic Penguins: A Study of their Social Habits, the information in the article supports all of the following except
*Alternativa (A): unofficial censorship damaged the quality of the book but did not eliminate its importance.
*Alternativa (B): thanks in part to the British Museum, certain old, erroneous ideas attributed to George Murray Levick were finally corrected.
*Alternativa (C): the book was so important that the data it presented about the sex lives of penguins was never contradicted until the end of the 1990s.
*Alternativa (D): according to Lloyd Spencer Davis, the book seems to give the idea that married couples do not engage in “scandalous” sexual behavior.
*Alternativa (E): hiding the full truth about the sex lives of penguins may have been more a decision of the book’s publisher than of the book’s author.
12 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
According to the information in the article,
(A) Lloyd Spencer Davis discovered George Murray Levick’s book when
he was doing research on his own book about penguins.
(B) A Polar Affair is the first truthful account of the surprisingly
adventurous sex life of penguins.
(C) ironically, it is only because Lloyd Spencer Davis is more of a
journalist than a scientist that we finally have an accurate overall
picture of the life of George Murray Levick.
(D) a desire to tell the truth about George Murray Levick’s life and work
led Lloyd Spencer Davis to write a book dealing not only with
Levick, but also with penguins, several Antarctic explorers and
expeditions, and some ideas about evolution.
(E) it is only because of Lloyd Spencer Davis’s book that George Murray
Levick’s greatness as a naturalist has finally been recognized.
__Gabarito: (D)__
According to the information in the article,
*Alternativa (A): Lloyd Spencer Davis discovered George Murray Levick’s book when he was doing research on his own book about penguins.
*Alternativa (B): A Polar Affair is the first truthful account of the surprisingly adventurous sex life of penguins.
*Alternativa (C): ironically, it is only because Lloyd Spencer Davis is more of a journalist than a scientist that we finally have an accurate overall picture of the life of George Murray Levick.
*Alternativa (D): a desire to tell the truth about George Murray Levick’s life and work led Lloyd Spencer Davis to write a book dealing not only with Levick, but also with penguins, several Antarctic explorers and expeditions, and some ideas about evolution.
*Alternativa (E): it is only because of Lloyd Spencer Davis’s book that George Murray Levick’s greatness as a naturalist has finally been recognized.
13 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
Which of the following is most likely an aspect of the “climax”
mentioned in paragraph 3?
(A) George Murray Levick’s decision to explore Antarctica’s north coast
came as a surprise to his companions.
(B) George Murray Levick and his companions were trapped in a snow
cave during the entire winter.
(C) Seal meat was the only food that George Murray Levick and his
companions had during their winter on Antarctica’s north coast.
(D) If everyone on that expedition had died, George Murray Levick’s
revolutionary discoveries about penguins would have been lost
forever.
(E) George Murray Levick’s wise use of food and literature helped the
members of the expedition to stay alive during that winter on
Antarctica’s north coast.
__Gabarito: (E)__
Which of the following is most likely an aspect of the “climax” mentioned in paragraph 3?
*Alternativa (A): George Murray Levick’s decision to explore Antarctica’s north coast came as a surprise to his companions.
*Alternativa (B): George Murray Levick and his companions were trapped in a snow cave during the entire winter.
*Alternativa (C): Seal meat was the only food that George Murray Levick and his companions had during their winter on Antarctica’s north coast.
*Alternativa (D): If everyone on that expedition had died, George Murray Levick’s revolutionary discoveries about penguins would have been lost forever.
*Alternativa (E): George Murray Levick’s wise use of food and literature helped the members of the expedition to stay alive during that winter on Antarctica’s north coast.
14 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
Although the short paper that George Murray Levick wrote on the true
nature of penguin sexuality was discovered in 2012,
(A) his reputation as a naturalist had already begun, some years
before, to return to its former high level.
(B) correct information about penguin sexuality had started to become
available before then.
(C) there were at first some legal restrictions on making that
information available to the scientific community.
(D) finding a way to fit that information into his book about the
Antarctic expeditions of the early twentieth century proved to be
an almost impossible task for Lloyd Spencer Davis.
(E) Lloyd Spencer Davis was the first respected naturalist to
understand the crucial importance of the information in that paper.
__Gabarito: (B)__
Although the short paper that George Murray Levick wrote on the true nature of penguin sexuality was discovered in 2012,
*Alternativa (A): his reputation as a naturalist had already begun, some years before, to return to its former high level.
*Alternativa (B): correct information about penguin sexuality had started to become available before then.
*Alternativa (C): there were at first some legal restrictions on making that information available to the scientific community.
*Alternativa (D): finding a way to fit that information into his book about the Antarctic expeditions of the early twentieth century proved to be an almost impossible task for Lloyd Spencer Davis.
*Alternativa (E): Lloyd Spencer Davis was the first respected naturalist to understand the crucial importance of the information in that paper.
15 – (FGV-EAESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)
The information in the article most supports which of the following
statements?
(A) Despite the wild, adventurous reputation of Antarctic penguins,
violent, forced sex does not take place among them.
(B) The public morality of Victorian England stipulated prison
sentences for certain kinds of sexual behavior.
(C) Because Antarctic penguins are wild animals, the public morality of
Victorian England never had anything to do with them.
(D) Apparently, the real sexual behavior of George Murray Levick was
similar to the imagined sexual behavior of Antarctic penguins.
(E) Kathleen Bruce admitted that she married Robert Scott only as a
means to a sexual end.
__Gabarito: (D)__
The information in the article most supports which of the following statements?
*Alternativa (A): Despite the wild, adventurous reputation of Antarctic penguins, violent, forced sex does not take place among them.
*Alternativa (B): The public morality of Victorian England stipulated prison sentences for certain kinds of sexual behavior.
*Alternativa (C): Because Antarctic penguins are wild animals, the public morality of Victorian England never had anything to do with them.
*Alternativa (D): Apparently, the real sexual behavior of George Murray Levick was similar to the imagined sexual behavior of Antarctic penguins.
*Alternativa (E): Kathleen Bruce admitted that she married Robert Scott only as a means to a sexual end.
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