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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• UECE-2017/1-VESTIBULAR-1ª FASE-13/11/2016.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ 08 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.
❑ TEXTO:
Nearly 250 million young children across the
world – 43% of under-fives – are unlikely to fulfil
their potential as adults because of stunting and
extreme poverty, new figures show.
The first three years of life are crucial to a
child’s development, according to a series of research
papers published in the Lancet medical journal, which
says there are also economic costs to the failure to
help them grow. Those who do not get the nutrition,
care and stimulation they need will earn about 26%
less than others as adults.
“The costs of not acting immediately to
expand services to improve early childhood
development are high for individuals and their
families, as well as for societies,” say the researchers.
The cost to some countries in GDP (gross domestic
product), they estimate, is as much as twice their
spending on healthcare.
The figures come as the World Bank
prepares for a summit meeting with finance ministers
around the globe to discuss how nurturing children in
their early years will help their countries’ economic
development. The World Bank president, Jim Yong
Kim, has told the Guardian that he intends to use the
World Economic Forum in Davos each year to name
and shame countries that do not reduce their high
stunting rates.
The Lancet series says the first 24 months of
life are the critical time for avoiding stunting. Undernourished children living in extreme poverty end up
small and their brain development is affected, so that
they find it hard to learn. “Some catch-up is possible
in height-for-age after 24 months, with uncertain
cognitive gains,” says one of the papers.
In sub-Saharan Africa, 66% of children are
estimated to be at risk of poor development because
of stunting and poverty. In south Asia, the figure is
65%, and 18% in the Caribbean and South America.
Mothers need to be well nourished to give
their babies a good start in life and be able to
breastfeed. Families need help to give children the
nutrition and nurturing they need, say researchers.
That includes breastfeeding, free pre-school education
– which is available in only two-thirds of high-income
countries – paid leave for parents and a minimum
wage to pull more families out of poverty.
There are children at risk in all countries,
rich and poor. The series points to early childhood
programs that have been effective, including Sure
Start in the UK, Early Head Start in the US, Chile’s
Crece Contigo and Grade R in South Africa.
In a Comment piece in the journal, Dr
Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health
Organization, Anthony Lake, executive director of the
United Nations Children’s Fund, and Keith Hansen,
vice-president for human development at the World
Bank, write: “The early childhood agenda is truly
global, because the need is not limited to low-income
countries. Children living in disadvantaged households
in middle-income and wealthy countries are also at
risk.
“In targeting our investments, we should
give priority to populations in the greatest need, such
as families and children in extreme poverty and those
who require humanitarian assistance. In addition, we
have to build more resilient systems in vulnerable
communities to mitigate the disruptive influence of
natural disasters, fragility, conflict, and violence.”
Wanda Wyporska, executive director of the
Equality Trust, said: “It’s no surprise that the richer
you are, the better your health is likely to be”. But
the chasm of health inequality between rich and poor
has widened in recent years.
“Being born into a poor family shouldn’t
mean decades of poorer health and even premature
death, but that’s the shameful reality of the UK’s
health gap. If you rank neighborhoods in the UK from the richest to the poorest, you have almost perfectly
ranked health from the best to the worst.”
https://www.theguardian.com/
globaldevelopment/2016/oct/04
❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO:
Nearly 250 million young children across the world – 43% of under-fives – are unlikely to fulfil their potential as adults because of stunting and extreme poverty, new figures show. Quase 250 milhões de crianças em todo o mundo – 43% das crianças com menos de cinco anos – provavelmente não atingirão o seu potencial como adultos devido ao atraso no crescimento e à pobreza extrema, mostram novos números.
The first three years of life are crucial to a child’s development, according to a series of research papers published in the Lancet medical journal, which says there are also economic costs to the failure to help them grow. Those who do not get the nutrition, care and stimulation they need will earn about 26% less than others as adults. Os primeiros três anos de vida são cruciais para o desenvolvimento de uma criança, de acordo com uma série de artigos de investigação publicados na revista médica Lancet, que afirma que há também custos económicos para a incapacidade de os ajudar a crescer. Aqueles que não recebem a nutrição, os cuidados e o estímulo de que necessitam ganharão cerca de 26% menos do que outros quando adultos.
“The costs of not acting immediately to expand services to improve early childhood development are high for individuals and their families, as well as for societies,” say the researchers. The cost to some countries in GDP (gross domestic product), they estimate, is as much as twice their spending on healthcare. “Os custos de não agir imediatamente para expandir os serviços para melhorar o desenvolvimento da primeira infância são elevados para os indivíduos e as suas famílias, bem como para as sociedades”, afirmam os investigadores. O custo para alguns países em termos de PIB (Produto Interno Bruto), estimam, é o dobro dos seus gastos com cuidados de saúde.
The figures come as the World Bank prepares for a summit meeting with finance ministers around the globe to discuss how nurturing children in their early years will help their countries’ economic development. The World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, has told the Guardian that he intends to use the World Economic Forum in Davos each year to name and shame countries that do not reduce their high stunting rates. Os números surgem num momento em que o Banco Mundial se prepara para uma cimeira com os ministros das finanças de todo o mundo para discutir como a educação das crianças nos seus primeiros anos ajudará o desenvolvimento económico dos seus países. O presidente do Banco Mundial, Jim Yong Kim, disse ao Guardian que pretende usar o Fórum Econômico Mundial em Davos todos os anos para nomear e envergonhar os países que não reduzem as suas elevadas taxas de atraso no crescimento.
The Lancet series says the first 24 months of life are the critical time for avoiding stunting. Undernourished children living in extreme poverty end up small and their brain development is affected, so that they find it hard to learn. “Some catch-up is possible in height-for-age after 24 months, with uncertain cognitive gains,” says one of the papers. A série Lancet afirma que os primeiros 24 meses de vida são o período crítico para evitar o atraso no crescimento. As crianças subnutridas que vivem em extrema pobreza acabam por ser pequenas e o seu desenvolvimento cerebral é afectado, o que lhes dificulta a aprendizagem. “É possível alguma recuperação na altura para a idade após 24 meses, com ganhos cognitivos incertos”, diz um dos artigos.
In sub-Saharan Africa, 66% of children are estimated to be at risk of poor development because of stunting and poverty. In south Asia, the figure is 65%, and 18% in the Caribbean and South America. Na África Subsariana, estima-se que 66% das crianças estejam em risco de desenvolvimento deficiente devido ao atraso no crescimento e à pobreza. No Sul da Ásia, o número é de 65% e de 18% nas Caraíbas e na América do Sul.
Mothers need to be well nourished to give their babies a good start in life and be able to breastfeed. Families need help to give children the nutrition and nurturing they need, say researchers. That includes breastfeeding, free pre-school education – which is available in only two-thirds of high-income countries – paid leave for parents and a minimum wage to pull more families out of poverty. As mães precisam estar bem nutridas para que seus bebês tenham um bom começo de vida e possam amamentar. As famílias precisam de ajuda para dar às crianças a nutrição e o cuidado de que necessitam, afirmam os investigadores. Isso inclui amamentação, educação pré-escolar gratuita – que está disponível apenas em dois terços dos países de rendimento elevado – licença remunerada para os pais e um salário mínimo para tirar mais famílias da pobreza.
There are children at risk in all countries, rich and poor. The series points to early childhood programs that have been effective, including Sure Start in the UK, Early Head Start in the US, Chile’s Crece Contigo and Grade R in South Africa. Existem crianças em risco em todos os países, ricos e pobres. A série aponta para programas para a primeira infância que têm sido eficazes, incluindo o Sure Start no Reino Unido, o Early Head Start nos EUA, o Crece Contigo do Chile e o Grade R na África do Sul.
In a Comment piece in the journal, Dr Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, Anthony Lake, executive director of the United Nations Children’s Fund, and Keith Hansen, vice-president for human development at the World Bank, write: “The early childhood agenda is truly global, because the need is not limited to low-income countries. Children living in disadvantaged households in middle-income and wealthy countries are also at risk. Em um comentário publicado na revista, a Dra. Margaret Chan, diretora geral da Organização Mundial da Saúde, Anthony Lake, diretor executivo do Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, e Keith Hansen, vice-presidente de desenvolvimento humano do Banco Mundial, escrevem: “ A agenda para a primeira infância é verdadeiramente global, porque a necessidade não se limita aos países de baixo rendimento. As crianças que vivem em famílias desfavorecidas em países ricos e de rendimento médio também estão em risco.
“In targeting our investments, we should give priority to populations in the greatest need, such as families and children in extreme poverty and those who require humanitarian assistance. In addition, we have to build more resilient systems in vulnerable communities to mitigate the disruptive influence of natural disasters, fragility, conflict, and violence.” “Ao direcionar os nossos investimentos, devemos dar prioridade às populações mais necessitadas, como famílias e crianças em extrema pobreza e aquelas que necessitam de assistência humanitária. Além disso, temos de construir sistemas mais resilientes em comunidades vulneráveis para mitigar a influência perturbadora dos desastres naturais, da fragilidade, dos conflitos e da violência.”
Wanda Wyporska, executive director of the Equality Trust, said: “It’s no surprise that the richer you are, the better your health is likely to be”. But the chasm of health inequality between rich and poor has widened in recent years. Wanda Wyporska, diretora executiva do Equality Trust, disse: “Não é nenhuma surpresa que quanto mais rico você for, melhor será provavelmente a sua saúde”. Mas o abismo da desigualdade na saúde entre ricos e pobres aumentou nos últimos anos.
“Being born into a poor family shouldn’t mean decades of poorer health and even premature death, but that’s the shameful reality of the UK’s health gap. If you rank neighborhoods in the UK from the richest to the poorest, you have almost perfectly ranked health from the best to the worst.” “Nascer numa família pobre não deveria significar décadas de problemas de saúde e até mesmo morte prematura, mas essa é a vergonhosa realidade da lacuna de saúde no Reino Unido. Se você classificar os bairros no Reino Unido dos mais ricos aos mais pobres, terá classificado quase perfeitamente a saúde do melhor ao pior.”
01 – (UECE-2017/1-1ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text, not acting right away to
help young children's development may represent
A) high costs for people and societies as well.
B) the death of 10 million children each year.
C) an increase in the number of disadvantaged
households.
D) a shameful reality for hundreds of families in
South America.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
According to the text, not acting right away to help young children's development may represent
De acordo com o texto, não agir imediatamente para ajudar o desenvolvimento das crianças pequenas pode representar
A) high costs for people and societies as well. custos elevados também para as pessoas e as sociedades.
B) the death of 10 million children each year. a morte de 10 milhões de crianças a cada ano.
C) an increase in the number of disadvantaged households. um aumento do número de famílias desfavorecidas.
D) a shameful reality for hundreds of families in South America. uma realidade vergonhosa para centenas de famílias na América do Sul.
02 – (UECE-2017/1-1ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the journal's Comment piece, we learn that
A) children in Syria and Africa suffer the most.
B) only children in extreme poverty are at risk.
C) not only children who live in low-income
countries are at risk.
D) Caribbean children are suffering from
tuberculosis.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
In the journal's Comment piece, we learn that
No comentário da revista, aprendemos que
A) children in Syria and Africa suffer the most. as crianças na Síria e na África são as que mais sofrem.
B) only children in extreme poverty are at risk. apenas as crianças em extrema pobreza estão em risco.
C) not only children who live in low-income countries are at risk. não só as crianças que vivem em países de baixa renda estão em risco.
D) Caribbean children are suffering from tuberculosis. As crianças caribenhas sofrem de tuberculose.
03 – (UECE-2017/1-1ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
Besides ending up small, under-nourished
children who live in extreme poverty will also have
A) difficulty in finding a job as an adult.
B) poor brain development.
C) no humanitarian assistance.
D) violent behavior in their adolescence.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
Besides ending up small, under-nourished children who live in extreme poverty will also have
Além de acabarem por ser crianças pequenas e subnutridas que vivem em extrema pobreza, também terão
A) difficulty in finding a job as an adult. dificuldade em encontrar emprego quando adulto.
B) poor brain development. mau desenvolvimento cerebral.
C) no humanitarian assistance. nenhuma assistência humanitária.
D) violent behavior in their adolescence. comportamento violento na adolescência.
04 – (UECE-2017/1-1ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
One of the facts mentioned in the article is that
in recent years
A) the World Economic Forum has not discussed
some countries' high stunting rates.
B) many childhood programs in the UK have been
ineffective.
C) only children in wealthy countries are not at risk
of poor development.
D) the chasm of health inequality between rich and
poor has widened.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
05 – (UECE-2017/1-1ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
Among the factors related to family
environment for good development and health of
children, the text mentions the
A) nourishment of mothers in order to breastfeed.
B) level of education of parents.
C) average age of mothers.
D) presence of other relatives in the family.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
06 – (UECE-2017/1-1ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In terms of the availability of free pre-school
education, it is mentioned in the text that it
A) is now part of nearly all developed countries.
B) hardly exists in low-income countries.
C) is a reality in only two-thirds of high-income
countries.
D) is a privilege of all children in the UK.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
07 – (UECE-2017/1-1ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The World Bank president has said that each
year in the World Economic Forum he intends to
A) announce new measures to reduce stunting rates
around the globe.
B) list the names of countries that are not reducing
high stunting rates.
C) establish new standards to be followed by
nations worldwide.
D) highlight the example of countries that reduce
their stunting rates.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
08 – (UECE-2017/1-1ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
According to the figures presented in the
article, the highest rate of children who suffer, in their
development, the consequences of stunting and
poverty is in
A) South America.
B) Asia.
C) Africa.
D) UK.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
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