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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN/2020-LÍNGUA INGLESA
❑ TEXTO 1: Based on lhe text below, answer questions 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26.
Career confusion in the 21st century: challenges and opportunities
Confusão de carreira no século 21: desafios e oportunidades
[1] The time and energy that teenagers dedicate to learning and the fields of study they choose profoundly shape the opportunities they will have during their whole lives. Their dreams and aspirations do not just depend on their talents, but they can be highly influenced by their personal background as well as by the depth and extent their knowledge about the world of work. In summary, students cannot be what they cannot see. O tempo e a energia que os adolescentes dedicam à aprendizagem e as áreas de estudo que escolhem moldam profundamente as oportunidades que terão durante toda a vida. Os seus sonhos e aspirações não dependem apenas dos seus talentos, mas podem ser altamente influenciados pela sua formação pessoal, bem como pela profundidade e extensão do seu conhecimento sobre o mundo do trabalho. Em resumo, os alunos não podem ser o que não podem ver.
[2] With young people staying in
education longer than ever and the labour market automating with unprecedented
speed, students need help to make sense of the world of work. In 2018, the OECD
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the world's largest
dataset on young people's educational of 30, experiences, collected
first-of-its kind data on this, making it possible to explore how much the
career dreams of young people have changed over the past 20 years, how closely
they are related to actual labour demand, and how closely aspirations are
shaped by social background and gender.
[3] Studies in Australia, the United
Kingdom and the United States show that teenagers who combine part- time employment with full-time
education do better in their school-to-work transitions. The positive benefits
include lower probabilities of being unemployed or NEET (Not in Education,
Employment or Training), higher wages, and others (see Box 1). However, the
benefits cannot be taken for granted and some experiences in different
countries have demonstrated that governments and schools can better support
young people as they prepare themselves for working life.
[4] Schools may provide programmes
of career development activities, particularly those that include workplace
experience. Experience of the world of challenges young people to understand
what it means to be personally effective in different workplaces while providing
a unique opportunity to develop social networks of value. Through exposure to
the people who do different jobs, young people have the chance to challenge
gender and class-based stereotyping and expand their aspirations, easing
ultimate entry into the labour market (see Box 2).
[5] However, in recent years,
analyses of career preparation have focused on the challenge of misalignment:
where the educational plans of young people are out of kilter with their
occupational expectations. When young people underestimate the education
required to fulfil their dreams, they can expect to find their early working
lives more difficult than would be expected. Of particular concern is that most
young people whose aspirations are misaligned with their education come from
disadvantaged backgrounds. Consequently, it is now clear that career guidance
serves an important service in dealing with inequalities.
[6] Results from PISA show that the career aspirations of young people are no simple reflection of teenage academic ability. Rather, they reflect complex lives. Analyses show that the children of more advantaged families are more likely to want to go on to university than working class kids. Similarly, career thinking is often determined by gender and immigrant background as well as socioeconomic status. Disadvantaged young people are at clear risk of career confusion. It is neither fair, nor efficient, for students to move through education with limited views of both the amplitude of the labour market and their own potential. Os resultados do PISA mostram que as aspirações profissionais dos jovens não são um simples reflexo da capacidade acadêmica dos adolescentes. Em vez disso, refletem vidas complexas. As análises mostram que as crianças de famílias mais favorecidas têm maior probabilidade de querer ir para a universidade do que as crianças da classe trabalhadora. Da mesma forma, o pensamento profissional é muitas vezes determinado pelo gênero e pela origem imigrante, bem como pelo estatuto socioeconômico. Os jovens desfavorecidos correm um claro risco de confusão profissional. Não é justo nem eficiente que os estudantes progridam no ensino com uma visão limitada da amplitude do mercado de trabalho e do seu próprio potencial.
Box 1 - The positive effects of teenage part-time employment Os efeitos positivos do emprego a tempo parcial entre adolescentes
[7] Studies in Australia, the United Kingdom and of the United States commonly show that teenagers who combine full-time study with part-time work can expect to do better in the adult job market than would be expected, given their backgrounds and academic qualifications. Studies that follow them from childhood to adulthood have routinely found evidence of higher earnings and fewer periods of unemployment. In an American study which follows young people born in the mid-1970s up to the age the researchers find a positive relationship between working part time at age 14 and 15 and a subjective sense of job realization in adulthood. Teenage students who worked were far more likely to agree at age 30 that they were working in a job that they wanted. However, the exact relationship between working when a teenager and later economic success is not well understood, and the phenomenon may have some disadvantages: students working excessive hours perform worse in final examinations than would otherwise be expected. Estudos realizados na Austrália, no Reino Unido e nos Estados Unidos mostram geralmente que os adolescentes que combinam o estudo a tempo inteiro com o trabalho a tempo parcial podem esperar ter um desempenho melhor no mercado de trabalho adulto do que seria esperado, dadas as suas origens e acadêmicos. qualificações. Estudos que os acompanham desde a infância até à idade adulta têm encontrado rotineiramente evidências de rendimentos mais elevados e menos períodos de desemprego. Num estudo americano que acompanha jovens nascidos em meados da década de 1970 até à idade adulta, os investigadores encontram uma relação positiva entre trabalhar a tempo parcial aos 14 e 15 anos e uma sensação subjetiva de realização profissional na idade adulta. Os estudantes adolescentes que trabalhavam eram muito mais propensos a concordar, aos 30 anos, que estavam trabalhando no emprego que desejavam. Contudo, a relação exacta entre trabalhar na adolescência e o sucesso económico posterior não é bem compreendida, e o fenômeno pode ter algumas desvantagens: os estudantes que trabalham horas excessivas têm um desempenho pior nos exames finais do que seria esperado.
Box2 - The long-term impacts of career talks Os impactos a longo prazo das negociações de carreira
[8] Another study, based on teenagers who, as 16-year- olds, had taken part in a career talk with someone from outside of school, finds that taking part in career talks is associated with significantly better earnings at age 26. The wage premium was found to be at its greatest where students took part in more than five career talks at age 14-15, rather than at 15-16, and when they agreed at the time that they had been very helpful. Outro estudo, baseado em adolescentes que, aos 16 anos, participaram numa conversa sobre carreira com alguém de fora da escola, concluiu que a participação em conversas sobre carreira está associada a rendimentos significativamente melhores aos 26 anos. Descobriu-se que o prêmio salarial era mais elevado quando os estudantes participaram em mais de cinco palestras sobre carreiras entre os 14 e os 15 anos de idade, em vez de entre os 15 e os 16 anos, e quando concordaram na altura que tinham sido muito úteis.
Adapted from: Dream jobs? Teenager career aspirations and the future of work. Empregos dos sonhos? Aspirações de carreira do adolescente e o futuro do trabalho.
Available at: www.oecd.org/education/dream-jobs teenagers-career-aspirations-and-the-future-of-work.htm<http://www.oecd.org/education/dream-jobs-teenagers-career- aspiratians-and-the-future-of-work.htm>
21 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
According to the text, which option is correct?
(A) When
schools provide career talks, they challenge the world of work.
(B) When
teenagers attend career talks, they challenge the different social classes.
(C) The higher
the number of career talks teenagers attend, the higher their salaries may be.
(D) The higher
the number of career talks teenagers attend, the higher the number of
drop-outs.
(E) Career
talks facilitate someone's immediate entry into the labour market.
Comentários e Gabarito C
According to the text, which option is correct?
De acordo com o texto, qual opção está correta?
(A) When schools provide career talks, they challenge the world of work.
(B) When teenagers attend career talks, they challenge the different social classes.
(C) The higher the number of career talks teenagers attend, the higher their salaries may be.
(D) The higher the number of career talks teenagers attend, the higher the number of drop-outs.
(E) Career talks facilitate someone's immediate entry into the labour market. As conversas sobre carreira facilitam a entrada imediata de alguém no mercado de trabalho.
22 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
According to paragraph 1, it is correct to say that "students cannot be what they cannot see" because:
(A) their dreams
and aspirations belong to the
opportunities they find.
(B) their
dreams and aspirations consume much time and energy.
(C) they need
to extend their knowledge about their talents.
(D) they need
to be well-informed about the world of work.
(E) they need
to devote more time to dreaming about their careers.
Comentários e Gabarito D
According to paragraph 1, it is correct to say that "students cannot be what they cannot see" because:
De acordo com o parágrafo 1, é correto dizer que “os alunos não podem ser o que não podem ver” porque:
(A) their dreams and aspirations belong to the opportunities they find.
(B) their dreams and aspirations consume much time and energy.
(C) they need to extend their knowledge about their talents. eles precisam ampliar o conhecimento sobre seus talentos.
(D) they need to be well-informed about the world of work. eles precisam estar bem informados sobre o mundo do trabalho.
(E) they need to devote more time to dreaming about their careers. eles precisam dedicar mais tempo a sonhar com a carreira.
23 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
The word "their", in "[... ] with limited views of both the amplitude of the labour market and their own potential." (paragraph 6), refers to:
(A) working
class kids.
(B) complex
lives.
(C) career
aspirations.
(D) students.
(E) results from PISA.
Comentários e Gabarito D
"[...] Disadvantaged young people are at clear risk of career confusion. It is neither fair, nor efficient, for students to move through education with limited views of both the amplitude of the labour market and their own potential." Os jovens desfavorecidos correm um claro risco de confusão profissional. Não é justo nem eficiente que os estudantes progridam no ensino com uma visão limitada da amplitude do mercado de trabalho e do seu próprio potencial.
The word "their", in "[... ] with limited views of both the amplitude of the labour market and their own potential." (paragraph 6), refers to:
(A) working class kids.
(B) complex lives.
(C) career aspirations.
(D) students.
(E) results from PISA.
24 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
The meaning of the expression "out of kilter with" in paragraph 5 is:
(A) outdated
about.
(B) delivered
by.
(C) in equal
terms with.
(D) in
accordance with.
(E) in
disagreement with.
Comentários e Gabarito E
The meaning of the expression "out of kilter with" in paragraph 5 is:
O significado da expressão "fora de sintonia com" no parágrafo 5 é:
(A) outdated about.
(B) delivered by.
(C) in equal terms with.
(D) in accordance with.
(E) in disagreement with. em desacordo com.
25 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
According to the contents of paragraph 3, the transition from school to work is better for teenagers who:
(A) study
full-time and work part-time.
(B) study
part-time and work full-time.
(C) both study
and work part-time.
(D) both study and
work full-time.
(E) work, study
and have higher wages.
Comentários e Gabarito A
According to the contents of paragraph 3, the transition from school to work is better for teenagers who:
De acordo com o disposto no parágrafo 3, a transição da escola para o trabalho é melhor para os adolescentes que:
(A) study full-time and work part-time.
(B) study part-time and work full-time.
(C) both study and work part-time.
(D) both study and work full-time.
(E) work, study and have higher wages. trabalhar, estudar e ter salários mais altos.
26 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
According to the text in Box 1, it is correct to say that people who worked a lot and studied when they were teenagers:
(A) always had
the best grades in final exams.
(B) tended to
have lower grades in final exams.
(C) were very
happy about their grades and their jobs.
(D) had higher
salaries but were often unemployed.
(E) had higher
salaries and were never unemployed.
Comentários e Gabarito B
According to the text in Box 1, it is correct to say that people who worked a lot and studied when they were teenagers:
De acordo com o texto do Quadro 1, é correto dizer que as pessoas que trabalharam muito e estudaram na adolescência:
(A) always had the best grades in final exams.
(B) tended to have lower grades in final exams.
(C) were very happy about their grades and their jobs.
(D) had higher salaries but were often unemployed.
(E) had higher salaries and were never unemployed. tinham salários mais elevados e nunca estiveram desempregados.
27 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Which option completes the text below correctly?
Renew or replace your adult passport
You ____ be aged 16 or over (or
turning 16 in the next 3 weeks) if you want an adult passport. There's a
different process to get a passport for a child.
The rules for passports, driving,
pet travel and more _____ change from 1
January 2021. Act now so you ____ travel as planned.
If you're in the UK you ____ :
- renew your
passport if it's expired or will expire soon;
- replace your
passport if it's been lost, stolen or damaged;
- change the
details on your passport.
(Adapted from
<https://www.gov.uk/renew-adult-passport>)
(A) should /
may / can't / shouldn't
(B) must /
might / can't / must
(C) should /
mustn't / can / should
(D) must / may
/ can / can
(E) should /
mustn't / must / should
Comentários e Gabarito D
Renew or replace your adult passport
Renove ou substitua seu passaporte de adulto
You MUST be aged 16 or over (or turning 16 in the next 3 weeks) if you want an adult passport. There's a different process to get a passport for a child.
The rules for passports, driving, pet travel and more MAY change from 1 January 2021. Act now so you CAN travel as planned. As regras para passaportes, direção, viagens de animais de estimação e muito mais podem mudar a partir de 1º de janeiro de 2021. Aja agora para poder viajar conforme planejado.
If you're in the UK you CAN : Se você estiver no Reino Unido, você pode:
- renew your passport if it's expired or will expire soon;
- replace your passport if it's been lost, stolen or damaged;
- change the details on your passport. alterar os dados do seu passaporte.
28 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Mark the sentence that is grammatically INCORRECT.
(A) If you want
to be an expert talker when speaking to real life emergency services
dispatchers, know your location.
(B) If the
company pushed the update to everyone's TVs automatically, the servers would be
badly affected.
(C) If you
don't like the idea of using metal to build your drone, you can use other
materials that are flexible.
(D) If you will
want to take aerial photos and record the surroundings while flying your drone,
you will need a camera.
(E) If the
callers are unable to answer the questions, the dispatcher taking emergency
calls has to act immediately.
Comentários e Gabarito D
29 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Analyze the questions below.
I - Who does
this pencil belong to?
II - Who read a
book last week?
III - Where did
your mother born?
IV- What about
are they talking?
V - What fell on the floor yesterday?
Choose the
correct option.
(A) Only I, II
and Ill are grammatically correct.
(B) Only I, II
and V are grammatically correct.
(C) Only II and
IV are grammatically correct.
(D) Only 11,
Ill and V are grammatically correct.
(E) Only Ill
and V are grammatically correct.
Comentários e Gabarito B
30 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Which option completes the paragraph below correctly?
It is important that female navy officers are now commanding vessels, not only because of _____ achievement in and of itself, but also because _____ types of posts will help ____ advance even more in _____ careers.
(Adapted from http://cimsec.org)
(A) these /
these / it / its
(B) this /
this/ her / her
(C) this /
these/ it / her
(D) these /
this/ them/ their
(E) this /
these / them / their
Comentários e Gabarito E
31 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Which option completes the text below correctly?
There are _____ different opinions on how _____ water you
should be drinking every day.
Health authorities commonly
recommend eight 8ounce glasses, which equals about 2 liters, or half a gallon.
This is called the 8x8 rule and is very easy to remember.
However, _____ health gurus believe
that you need to sip on water constantly throughout the day, even when you're
not thirsty.
As with most things, this depends on
the individual. _____ factors (both internal and external} ultimately affect
your need for water.
(https://www.healthline.com)
(A) many / much
/ some/ Many
(B) many / much
/ little/ Much
(C) much / many
/ some/ None
(D) much / many
/ little / Much
(E)a lot of /
much / none / Many
Comentários e Gabarito A
32 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph below.
The
Brazilian Navy _____ its new
Antarctic station "Estação Antartica Comandante Ferraz" (EACF)
on 15 January. The facility _____ by
China National Electronic Imports and Exports Corporation (CEIEC) to replace
the original EACF, which _____ by a fire in 2012. The new station ______ of
laboratories, communications and meteorological modules, power generation
equipment, and a living area for 64, as well as medical, healthcare, catering,
and technical areas.
(Adapted from https://www.janes.com)
(A) was
inaugurated / built / destroyed / composes
(B) inaugurated
/ was built / destroyed / composes
(C) was
inaugurated / built / destroyed / is composed
(D) inaugurates
/ builds / was destroyed / was composed
(E) inaugurated
/ was built / was destroyed / is composed
Comentários e Gabarito E
33 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Which option completes the sentence below correctly?
Spinach is very thin, so there's
more loss of moisture and exposure to heat and oxygen
compared to a carrot, ______ ?
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com)
(A) is there
(B) did it
(C) isn't there
(D) didn't it
(E) does it
Comentários e Gabarito C
34 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Which option completes the paragraph below correctly?
In 1984, Dallas, Texas, a call to
the emergency services ______ catastrophically wrong. An elderly woman _______ breathing
in her home. Her son, clearly distressed, _____ 911. His conversation with the
dispatcher soon _______ out of control.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com)
(A) had gone /
stopped / had called / spiraled
(B) was going I
had stopped / has called / was spiraling
(C) went I has
stopped/ had called / had spiraled
(D) had gone /
has stopped / called / was spiraling
(E) went / had
stopped / called / spiraled
Comentários e Gabarito E
35 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Which is the correct option to complete the text below?
The Letter Always Wins
Somehow ______ our several ways to
contact a company and complain _____ products
(email, toll free numbers, _____ person), the old-fashioned letter still seems
to win.
Case in point. This week Smucker's
Jam agreed to replace two of my grandmother's Pineapple Jams that she had
ordered. She talked _____ them _____ the phone and they apologized ______ the
bad packaging. But it was her letter that got her two free replacements.
Adapted from
<https://www.wisebread.com/the-letteralways-wins>
(A) between /
to / at / to / by / at
(B) among /
about I in / to / on / for
(C) between /
of/ on / for / in / for
(D) among /
about / in / for / in / to
(E) between /
of/ on / with / on / to
Comentários e Gabarito B
36 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Which option completes the text correctly?
A dash (-) indicates that no article is used.
____ China's first autonomous cargo ship,
named Jin Dou Yun O Hao, has made its first voyage in Zhuhai.
Yunzhou Tech, ______ technology company
based in Zhuhai, developed _____ ship in
collaboration with Wuhan University of Technology and CCS. _____ autonomous
cargo ship will reduce 20% construction cost, 20% operation cost and 15% fuel
consumption.
(Adapted from
https://www.seatrade-maritime.com)
(A) A / the / -
/ A
(B) - / a
/ the / The
(C) - / the /
the / A
(D) The / a / -
/ An
(E) The / - / a
/ The
Comentários e Gabarito B
37 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Which option completes the paragraph below correctly?
If your child has no symptoms of
vision problems and no family history of vision problems, ____ every one to two
years. Otherwise, schedule eye exams based on the advice of your eye doctor.
(Adapted from https://www.mayoclinic.org)
(A) have
rechecked his or her vision
(B) have his or
her vision rechecked
(C) his or her
vision has rechecked
(D) has
rechecked his or her vision
(E) have had
rechecked his or her vision
Comentários e Gabarito B
38 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Read the sentences below.
I - People
shouldn't drive so _____.
II - Ineed to
see a doctor because I haven't been feeling well _____.
Ill - Although she's tried _____ to find a new job, she's still unemployed.
Which option
completes the sentences correctly?
(A) fast / late
/ hardly
(B) quickly /
late / hardly
(C) quick /
late / hard
(D) fast /
lately / hard
(E) quickly /
lately / hardly
Comentários e Gabarito D
I - People shouldn't drive so _____.
II - Ineed to see a doctor because I haven't been feeling well _____.
Ill - Although she's tried _____ to find a new job, she's still unemployed.
39 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Which option completesthe paragraph below correctly?
Speak, FIDO!
Imagine you're out for a walk with
your family when a strange dog approaches. The dog isn't aggressive, but it seems
______ something because it nudges you with its snout, and barks. What you
don't know is that this dog is trained _____ a person with a medical condition.
Around the corner, the dog's owner has collapsed, and the dog instinctively runs off ____ the dog make you ____ help.
That's you! But how can what's wrong?
(Adapted from
https://www.timeforkids.com)
(A) to want /
help / to find / to understand
(B) want /
helping /finding / understanding
(C) want /
help/ find / to understand
(D) to want /
to help / to find / understand
(E) wanting /
to helping / finding / understand
Comentários e Gabarito D
40 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2020)
Mark the option that completes the paragraph below correctly.
The Russian Vostok weather station in Antarctica has recorded temperatures as ____ as -89.2'C (-128.6'F). Here, the _____ temperature ever measured is -14'C (7'F).
Adapted from <htlps://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/antarctica>
(A) lowest /
high
(B) low /
higher
(C) low /
highest
(D) lower /
higher
(E) lower /
highest
Comentários e Gabarito C
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