🔖 EFOMM — Prova de InglĂȘs 2020 (Gabaritada + Comentada) — 🏛️ B3GE™

  • Texto (1) – | Buy a beach cruiser and help save sea turtles on Kiawah | www.newsweek.com |
  • Texto (2) – | Are shipping containers the future of affordable housing? | www.openaccessgovemment.org |
  • Texto (3) – | Is an autonomous ship a 'ship' in the eyes of the law? | The International Journal of the Nautical Institute |
  • 20 Multiple Choice Questions | Five-Option Question |
❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text below and choose the correct option.

Buy a beach cruiser and help save sea turtles on Kiawah
Compre um cruzador de praia e ajude a salvar as tartarugas marinhas em Kiawah

[1Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
Every spring, fierce female sea turtles - mostly loggerheads - make their way from the ocean to Kiawah Island during nesting season.
Todas as primaveras, as ferozes tartarugas marinhas fĂȘmeas - na sua maioria "tartarugas cabeçudas"[tartarugas marinha de cabeças grandes] - "fazem seu caminho"[locomovem-se] do oceano para a ilha de Kiawah durante a temporada de nidificação(temporada em que as tartarugas marinhas e aves se reproduzem e depositam seus ovos).

[2Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
From May through October, Kiawah's beaches are home to 400 nests and thousands of baby loggerheads. 
De maio a outubro, as praias de Kiawah albergam 400 ninhos e milhares de bebés cabeçudos.

But many of these endangered hatchlings would not survive without the island's hands-on nest protection program. 
Mas muitas destas crias em perigo de extinção não sobreviveriam sem o programa pråtico de proteção dos ninhos da ilha.

SpecifĂ­cally, the Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol efforts that help 75% of hatchlings make it from their nests to the ocean. 
Especificamente, os esforços da Patrulha das Tartarugas da ilha de Kiawah ajudam 75% das crias a sair dos ninhos para o oceano.

Without these efforts: less than 10% have a chance.
Sem estes esforços, menos de 10% tĂȘm hipĂłteses.

[3Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
Sea turtles are an endangered species and the loggerhead turtle has been on the threatened list since 1978. 
As tartarugas marinhas são uma espécie em vias de extinção e a tartaruga cabeçuda estå na lista de ameaçadas desde 1978.

Over the years, the Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol has become one of the largest volunteer turtle efforts in the United States. 
Ao longo dos anos[Com o passar dos anos], a Patrulha das Tartarugas da Ilha de Kiawah tornou-se num dos maiores esforços voluntårios de proteção das tartarugas nos Estados Unidos.

From relocating nests to helping hatchlings find the sea, volunteering is open to island residents and guests, and the program relies on the community to help raise awareness about the importance of nesting season.
Desde a recolocação de ninhos até à ajuda aos recém-nascidos encontrando o mar, o voluntariado estå aberto a residentes e hóspedes da ilha, e o programa conta com a comunidade para ajudar a sensibilizar para a importùncia da temporada de nidificação.

[4Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
This May, you'll see a custom fleet of beach cruisers with an original turtle print designed by Peter Millar at the new Timbers Kiawah Ocean Club and Residences.
Em maio deste ano, verĂĄ uma frota personalizada de motos de praia com uma estampa original de tartaruga desenhada por Peter Millar no novo Timbers Kiawah Ocean Club and Residences.

[5Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
“We approached Peter Millar, a favorite on Kiawah, to design a turtle-pattemed bike as a fun way to raise our owners' awareness about the turtles and show our commitment to protecting the wildlife on Kiawah”, says Chris Burden, managing director for Timbers Kiawah.
"Abordamos Peter Millar, um dos favoritos em Kiawah, para desenhar uma bicicleta com estampa de tartaruga como uma forma divertida de sensibilizar os nossos proprietĂĄrios para as tartarugas e mostrar o nosso empenho em proteger a vida selvagem em Kiawah", afirma Chris Burden, diretor-geral do Timbers Kiawah.

[6Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
You don't have to be a Timbers' owner to help: the limited-edition beach cruisers are for sale to the public and 100% of the proceeds go to the turtle patrol.
NĂŁo Ă© necessĂĄrio ser proprietĂĄrio de um Timbers para ajudar: os cruzeiros de praia de edição limitada estĂŁo Ă  venda ao pĂșblico e 100% dos lucros vĂŁo para a patrulha das tartarugas.

“Kiawah Island is one of the country's most vital nesting areas for loggerhead sea turtles and the turtle patrol is responsible for nesting patrols and monitoring efforts up and down the beach. 
"A ilha de Kiawah é uma das åreas de nidificação mais importantes do país para as tartarugas marinhas cabeçudas e a patrulha das tartarugas é responsåvel pelas patrulhas de nidificação e pelos esforços de monitoramento em toda a praia

The contributions will be used to fund their initiatives in whatever way they see fit”, Burden says.
As contribuiçÔes serão utilizadas para financiar as suas iniciativas da forma que considerarem mais adequada", afirma Burden.

Anyone can volunteer in the nesting and hatching programs by contacting Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol.
Qualquer pessoa pode ser voluntåria nos programas de nidificação e incubação contactando a Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol.
01 – It is possible to infer from the text that
(A) the island's hands-on nest protection program has been jeopardizing the offspring.
(B) hatchlings are imperilled.
(C) the purpose of the protection program is to cheat the community.
(D) the nesting and hatching programs are compulsory.
(E) it is a pointless effort to raise awareness of the community.
•   Gabarito  B  
It is possible to infer from the text that
É possível inferir a partir do texto que
(A) the island's hands-on nest protection program has been jeopardizing the offspring.
(o programa pråtico de proteção dos ninhos da ilha tem colocado em risco a prole.)
>> CORRETA: os filhotes estão "em risco"[em perigo, ameaçados].
>> Destaque para o particípio passado "imperilled"(ameaçado) na opção (b), funcionando como um adjetivo, caracterizando o substantivo "hatchlings"(filhotes).
>> "endangered" literalmente significa "ameaçado de extinção" e "imperilled" significa "em risco, em perigo, ameaçado".
>> A questĂŁo Ă© de interpretação textual("infer from the text "), e ainda que fosse apenas de compreensĂŁo textual, os vocĂĄbulos "endangered" e "imperilled", sĂŁo contextualmente intercambiĂĄveis, conforme o trecho:
• "But many of these endangered hatchlings would not survive without the island's hands-on nest protection program." 
(Mas, muitas destas filhotes em risco de extinção, nĂŁo sobreviveriam sem o programa prĂĄtico de proteção dos ninhos da ilha.)  
(C) the purpose of the protection program is to cheat the community.
(o objetivo do programa de proteção é enganar a comunidade.)
(D) the nesting and hatching programs are compulsory.
(os programas de nidificação e incubação são compulsórios [obrigatórios, coercitivos].)
(E) it is a pointless effort to raise awareness of the community.
(Ă© um esforço inĂștil para conscientizar a comunidade.)

❑ TEXTO 2: Based on the text below, answer questions 2, 3 and 4.
Are shipping containers the future of affordable housing?
Serão os contentores marítimos o futuro da habitação a preços acessíveis?
[1Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
Millions of people need homes. Millions of shipping containers are going unused. Could this be an answer to the global housing crisis? Cleveland Containers explore further.
MilhÔes de pessoas precisam de casa. MilhÔes de contentores marítimos não são utilizados. Poderå ser esta a resposta à crise mundial da habitação? A Cleveland Containers explora esta questão.

[2Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
England is facing a housing crisis. 
A Inglaterra estĂĄ enfrentando uma crise imobiliĂĄria[habitacional].

According to housing charity Shelter, more than 50,000 households a year are being forced out of their homes, and there are more than 9 million renters in unsecure rented accommodations.
De acordo com a organização beneficente de habitação Shelter, mais de 50.000 famílias por ano[anualmente] estão sendo forçadas a sair de suas casas, e hå mais de 9 milhÔes de locatårios[inquilinos] estão em acomodaçÔes alugadas precårias.

[3Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
The situation is shaky even for those who own their own homes. 
A situação "é inståvel", até para aqueles que possuem casa própria.

28,900 homes were repossessed across the UK in 2013.
Em 2013, foram penhoradas 28 900 casas em todo o Reino Unido.

[4Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
But this situation isn't unique to England. 
Mas esta situação não é exclusiva da Inglaterra.

House prices are soaring across the world, which is placing home ownership out of reach for millions.
Os preços das casas estão subindo em todo o mundo, o que estå colocando a propriedade imobiliåria[a casa própria] fora do alcance de milhÔes.

And that's just in the developed world. 
E isso Ă© sĂł no mundo desenvolvido.

Around 850 million people are currently living in “informal settlements”. 
Cerca de 850 milhĂ”es de pessoas vivem atualmente em "assentamentos informais"[bairros informais].

In numerous rapidly urbanising cities, the average housing costs can be up to 200% of the net monthly income.
Em muitas cidades que se urbanizam rapidamente, os custos médios de moradia "podem chegar até" 200% da renda mensal líquida.

[5Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
There is no single explanation as to why the world's facing a housing crisis, and there's no easy answer for how to solve it. 
NĂŁo hĂĄ uma Ășnica explicação "para o porquĂȘ"[porque] do mundo estĂĄ enfrentando uma crise habitacional[crise imobiliĂĄria], e nĂŁo hĂĄ uma resposta fĂĄcil para como resolvĂȘ-la. 

But one major factor is a general dearth of good quality, affordable housing. 
Mas um dos principais fatores é a falta generalizada de habitação de boa qualidade e a preços acessíveis.

Many developments in the housing market are focused on constructing high-end units that are expensive to build and out of the price range of most. 
Muitos desenvolvimentos no mercado da habitação centram-se na construção de unidades de gama alta, cuja construção é dispendiosa e estå fora do alcance da maioria das pessoas.

This needs to change.
Esta situação tem que mudar.

[6Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
Desperate times often call for radical Solutions.
Os tempos de desespero exigem muitas vezes soluçÔes radicais.

One thing the world isn't lacking is shipping containers. 
Uma coisa que nĂŁo falta no mundo sĂŁo contentores marĂ­timos.

There may be up to 40 million shipping containers in the world right now, and experts believe that only six million are currently in use.
"Pode haver atĂ©" 40 milhĂ”es de contĂȘineres no mundo neste momento, e os especialistas acreditam que apenas seis milhĂ”es estĂŁo em uso atualmente.

Who'd live in a shipping Container?
Quem viveria em um "contĂȘiner de transporte"?

[7Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
Shipping containers are built to be strong, secure and practical. 
Os "contĂȘineres de transporte" [contĂȘineres de marĂ­timos] sĂŁo construĂ­dos para serem fortes, seguros e prĂĄticos.

These are all sound benefits for storage and mass transit, but do they make for comfortable accommodation?
Todos estes parecem benéficos para o armazenamento e o transporte de massa, mas serå que eles são acomodaçÔes confortåveis?

[8Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
The idea of living in a shipping Container might strike some as odd, unfeasible, impractical and maybe even a little unappealing. 
A ideia de viver em um contĂȘiner de transporte pode parecer estranha, inviĂĄvel, impraticĂĄvel e talvez atĂ© "um pouco desagradĂĄvel"[desinteressante]. 

But it's important to think of shipping containers not as finished products, but as raw materiais - as exoskeletons for future homes.
Mas Ă© importante pensar nos contĂȘineres de transporte nĂŁo como produtos acabados, mas como matĂ©rias-primas - mas como exoesqueletos para futuras casas.

[9Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
Because, really, there's no end to what you can do with a shipping Container. 
Porque, na verdade, nĂŁo hĂĄ fim para o que se pode fazer com um contentor marĂ­timo.

They can easily be insulated and fitted with Windows, doors, indoor partitions, electricity and running water - everything that's needed for human inhabitation. 
Eles podem ser facilmente isolados e equipados com janelas, portas, divisórias internas, eletricidade e ågua corrente - tudo o que é necessårio para a habitação humana.

A single shipping Container can be transformed into a cosy dwelling in no time at all. 
Um Ășnico contĂȘiner pode ser transformado em uma casa aconchegante em pouco tempo. 

But if more space is needed, you can just stack multiple containers on topof each other.
Mas se mais espaço for necessĂĄrio, vocĂȘ "pode simplesmente empilhar" vĂĄrios contĂȘineres em cima uns dos outros.

[10Âș ParĂĄgrafo]
And if you're really wondering whether people would be comfortable living in converted shipping containers, just consider the great reaction that greets shipping containers converted for retail use.
E se vocĂȘ estĂĄ realmente se perguntando se as pessoas estariam confortĂĄveis vivendo em contĂȘineres de transporte convertidos, basta considerar a grande reação que recebe os contĂȘineres de transporte convertidos para uso  comercial.

They're thought of as cool, hip and quirky. 
Eles sĂŁo considerados legais[bacanas], modernos e peculiares.

When used as affordable housing, it's no stretch to say that many won't think of shipping containers as a last resort, so much as actively desirable.
Quando usado como moradia acessĂ­vel, nĂŁo Ă© exagero dizer que muitos nĂŁo vĂŁo pensar em contĂȘineres de transporte marĂ­timo como um Ășltimo recurso, mas sim como algo ativamente desejĂĄvel.
02 – Read the statements about the text and decide whether they are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Mark the correct option.
  • I - There is a surfeit of dwellings in England.
  • II - Housing is wobbly in England.
  • III - House prices are steep worldwide.
  • IV - Home ownership is attainable for many people.
  • V - Living in a shipping Container is alluring and ordinary throughout the world.
(A) I - (F) / II - (T) / III - (T) / IV - (F) / V - (F)
(B) I - (T) / II - (F) / III - (F) / IV - (T) / V - (F)
(C) I - (T) / II - (T) / III - (T) / IV - (F) / V - (T)
(D) I - (F) / II - (F) / III - (F) / IV - (T) / V - (F)
(E) I - (F) / II - (T) / III - (F) / IV - (T) / V - (T)
•   Gabarito  A  
Read the statements about the text and decide whether they are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Mark the correct option.
Leia as afirmaçÔes sobre o texto e decida se são VERDADEIRAS (V) ou FALSAS (F).
Marque a opção correta.
I - There is a surfeit of dwellings in England.
>> AFIRMATIVA FALSA: HĂĄ um excesso de habitaçÔes na Inglaterra.
>> NĂŁo hĂĄ um excesso de habitaçÔes, e sim uma carĂȘncia, visto que a Inglaterra estĂĄ enfrentando uma crise imobiliĂĄria conforme o trecho:
• "[...] England is facing a housing crisis." 
• A Inglaterra estĂĄ enfrentando uma crise imobiliĂĄria[habitacional].
• "[...] But one major factor is a general dearth of good quality, affordable housing. 
• Mas um dos principais fatores Ă© a falta generalizada de habitação de boa qualidade e a preços acessĂ­veis.

II - Housing is wobbly in England.
>> AFIRMATIVA CORRETA: A habitação Ă© instĂĄvel na Inglaterra.
• "[...] The situation is shaky even for those who own their own homes. 
• A situação "Ă© instĂĄvel", atĂ© para aqueles que possuem casa prĂłpria.

III - House prices are steep worldwide.
>> AFIRMATIVA CORRETA: Os preços das casas sĂŁo elevados em todo o mundo.
• "[...] But one major factor is a general dearth of good quality, affordable housing. 
• Mas um dos principais fatores Ă© a falta generalizada de habitação de boa qualidade e a preços acessĂ­veis.

IV - Home ownership is attainable for many people.
>> AFIRMATIVA INCORRETA: A casa prĂłpria Ă© acessĂ­vel para muitas pessoas.
• "[...] But one major factor is a general dearth of good quality, affordable housing. 
• Mas um dos principais fatores Ă© a falta generalizada de habitação de boa qualidade e a preços acessĂ­veis.

V - Living in a shipping Container is alluring and ordinary throughout the world.
>> AFIRMATIVA INCORRETA: Viver em um Container Ă© algo atraente e comum em todo o mundo.
• "[...] The idea of living in a shipping Container might strike some as odd, unfeasible, impractical and maybe even a little unappealing. 
• A ideia de viver em um contĂȘiner de transporte pode parecer estranha, inviĂĄvel, impraticĂĄvel e talvez atĂ© "um pouco desagradĂĄvel"[desinteressante]
(A) I - (F) / II - (T) / III - (T) / IV - (F) / V - (F)
(B) I - (T) / II - (F) / III - (F) / IV - (T) / V - (F)
(C) I - (T) / II - (T) / III - (T) / IV - (F) / V - (T)
(D) I - (F) / II - (F) / III - (F) / IV - (T) / V - (F)
(E) I - (F) / II - (T) / III - (F) / IV - (T) / V - (T)

03 – In the excerpt “But one major factor is a general dearth of good quality, affordable housing.”, the word in bold means:
(A) wealthy
(B) paucity
(C) surplus
(D) amount
(E) glut
•   Gabarito  B  
  • “But one major factor is a general dearth of good quality, affordable housing.”,
  • Mas um fator importante Ă© uma escassez geral de moradias de boa qualidade e acessĂ­veis.
the word in bold means:
(A) wealthy 
(riqueza, abundĂąncia)
(B) paucity 
(escassez, falta)
(C) surplus 
(excesso, excedente, superĂĄvit.)
(D) amount 
(quantidade, soma, quantia, total.)
(E) glut 
(fartura, abundĂąncia, excesso.)
  • "DEARTH" (noun) - escassez, falta, carĂȘncia.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dearth

  • "PAUCITY" (noun) - insuficiĂȘncia, escassez, falta.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paucity

04 – According to the text, shipping containers
(A) can be a menace for people.
(B) are a rip off.
(C) are usually rotten.
(D) never tamish.
(E) can be snug.
•   Gabarito  E  
According to the text, shipping containers
De acordo com o texto, contĂȘineres
(A) can be a menace for people.
(podem ser uma ameaça para as pessoas.)
(B) are a rip off.
sĂŁo uma fraude.
(C) are usually rotten.
geralmente estĂŁo podres.
(D) never tamish.
nunca se alteram.
(E) can be snug.
podem ser confortĂĄveis.
>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA A OPÇÃO (E):
• "[...] A single shipping Container can be transformed into a cosy dwelling in no time at all. 
• Um Ășnico contĂȘiner pode ser transformado em uma casa aconchegante em pouco tempo.
>> "SNUG" - comfortable, warm, and cozy; well protected from the weather or cold. (confortĂĄvel, quente e aconchegante; bem protegido do clima ou do frio.)

❑ TEXTO 3:
Is an autonomous ship a 'ship' in the eyes of the law?

Different definitions of 'ship' appear in different statutes and conventions, and it has often fallen to judges to decide if a floating object is, or is not, a 'ship'.

____, none of the definitions of'ship' requires that the floating object be manned, generally simply requiring that it be used or be capable of being used in navigation.

Whether this is by remote control or fully autonomous would not appear to be a problem in terms of the legal definition of a 'ship'.

It appears probable, ____, that autonomous ships are likely to fali within the legal definition of 'ship' and so will have to comply with the relevant laws and conventions ____ the laws themselves might require some modification.
  • (Abridged from SEAWAYS - The International Journal of the Nautical Institute. Dec/2017)
05 – Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph.
(A) Also / however / even so
(B) Because / otherwise / anyhow
(C) Moreover / instead / in addition
(D) Hence / as well / in spite of
(E) However / therefore / although
•   Gabarito  E  
(A) Also / however / even so
(B) Because / otherwise / anyhow
(C) Moreover / instead / in addition
(D) Hence / as well / in spite of
(E) However / therefore / although

Is an autonomous ship a 'ship' in the eyes of the law?
Um navio autĂłnomo Ă© um "navio" aos olhos da lei?

Different definitions of 'ship' appear in different statutes and conventions, and it has often fallen to judges to decide if a floating object is, or is not, a 'ship'.
As diferentes definiçÔes de "navio" constam de diferentes estatutos e convençÔes, e tem cabido frequentemente aos juízes decidir se um objeto flutuante é, ou não, um "navio".
However, none of the definitions of'ship' requires that the floating object be manned, generally simply requiring that it be used or be capable of being used in navigation.
No entanto, nenhuma das definiçÔes de "navio" exige que o objeto flutuante seja tripulado, exigindo simplesmente que seja utilizado ou possa ser utilizado na navegação.
Whether this is by remote control or fully autonomous would not appear to be a problem in terms of the legal definition of a 'ship'.
O fato de ser utilizado por controlo remoto ou ser totalmente autÎnomo não parece constituir um problema em termos da definição legal de "navio".
It appears probable, therefore, that autonomous ships are likely to fali within the legal definition of 'ship' and so will have to comply with the relevant laws and conventions although the laws themselves might require some modification.
Parece, por conseguinte, provĂĄvel que os navios autĂŽnomos venham a ser abrangidos pela definição legal de "navio", pelo que terĂŁo de cumprir as leis e convençÔes pertinentes, embora as prĂłprias leis possam exigir algumas alteraçÔes.

06 – Choose the correct altemative to complete the excerpt below.
  • “I agonized ____ whether I wanted to splurge ____ a private tour and have a little more autonomy ____ where we went and how long we spent ____ each place, but ultimately went ____ a Gamma Travei group tour.”
(A) on / at / on / at / in
(B) about / in / in / in / on
(C) over / on / over / at / with
(D) in / over / - / in / on
(E) - / about / - / in / with
  •   Gabarito C  
  • “I agonized over whether I wanted to splurge on a private tour and have a little more autonomy over where we went and how long we spent at each place, but ultimately went with a Gamma Travei group tour.”
    "Fiquei em dĂșvida sobre se queria fazer alarde em uma excursĂŁo privada, e ter um pouco mais de autonomia sobre onde Ă­amos, e quanto tempo passĂĄvamos em cada local, mas acabei por optar por uma excursĂŁo de grupo da Gamma Travei."
(A) on / at / on / at / in
(B) about / in / in / in / on
(C) over / on / over / at / with
(D) in / over / - / in / on
(E) - / about / - / in / with

>> 1ÂȘ LACUNA: I agonized ___ whether I wanted to splurge…
Contexto tĂ­pico para o phrasal verb “TO AGONIZE OVER/ABOUT something”: Se vocĂȘ “agonize over/about something”(agoniza por causa de algo), entĂŁo vocĂȘ gasta muito tempo se preocupando ou se chateando para tomar uma decisĂŁo e FICA EM DÚVIDA SOBRE. Sendo assim, a sentença complete:
  • “I agonized over whether I wanted to splurge” or
  • “I agonized about whether I wanted to splurge”.
  • Fiquei em dĂșvida sobre se eu queria fazer alarde...
>> DICIONÁRIOS:
  • She agonized for days about whether she should take the job. [Cambridge Dictionary]
  • Ela ficou em dĂșvida, por dias, sobre se deveria aceitar o emprego.
  • For days I agonized over whether to accept his offer.[Macmillan Dictionary]
  • Durante dias fiquei em dĂșvida sobre se deveria aceitar sua oferta.
>> 2ÂȘ LACUNA: I agonized over whether I wanted to splurge ___a private tour …
Contexto tĂ­pico para o prepositional verb “TO SPLURGE OUT / ON SOMETHING: Se vocĂȘ “splurge out / on something”, entĂŁo vocĂȘ gasta muito dinheiro extravagantemente em algo ou vocĂȘ gosta de OSTENTAR algo. Sendo assim, a sentença complete:
  • I agonized over whether I wanted to splurge on a private tour.
  • Eu perdi muito tempo sobre se eu queria OSTENTAR em um tour privado.
>> REMEMBER:
  • “TO SPLURGE OUT / ON ” (ostentar. gastar muito dinheiro extravagantemente em algo) Ă© apenas um verbo transitivo (prepositional verb) que combina com a preposição ON e  nĂŁo Ă© um phrasal verb.  
>> DICIONÁRIOS:
  • // splurge on a new dress. [Merriam-webster Dictionary]
  • I feel like splurging on a new dress.[Cambridge Dictionary]
  • We've just splurged on new kitchen appliances.[Cambridge Dictionary]

>> 3ÂȘ LACUNA: and have a little more autonomy ___ where we went …
Se vocĂȘ “have autonomy over something”, entĂŁo vocĂȘ tem ao livre-arbĂ­trio sobre algo, vocĂȘ tem tomada de decisĂ”es por vontade prĂłpria. Sendo assim, a sentença completa:
  • and have a little more autonomy over where we went ....
  • e ter um pouco mais de autonomia sobre aonde fĂŽssemos...
>> JORNAIS BRITÂNICOS:
  • // It is hard to have autonomy over an institution that is stuck in the 18th Century.. [The Independent]
  • // "For our wellbeing it is important we feel we have autonomy over our lives, decisions we make and how we live," she said. [The Guardian]
>> 4ÂȘ LACUNA: and how long we spent ___ each place …
“AT” Ă© parte integrante das collocationa “spend at each place”, “spend at one place”, “spend any each place” ou ainda “spend at places”.
Sendo assim, a sentença completa →  and how long we spent at each place.
>> JORNAIS BRITÂNICOS:
  • // identifying the start and end points of my trips, and how long I was spending at each place. [Huffington post]
  • // Higher salaries mean more money to spend at places like Walmart.. [Huffington post]
>> 5ÂȘ LACUNA: but ultimately went ___ a Gamma Travei group tour.
“WITH” Ă© uma function word (palavra sem conteĂșdo) que em expressĂ”es “with a couple of friends”, “be with someone”, “something with something”, expressa ideia de que pessoas ou coisas estĂŁo em um lugar juntas ou estĂŁo fazendo algo juntas.
Sendo assim, a sentença completa:
  • but ultimately went with a Gamma Travei group tour.
  • mas no final optamos por uma excursĂŁo em grupo da Gamma Travei.
>> DICIONÁRIOS:
  • // I'm going to France with a couple of friends. [Cambridge Dictionary]
  • Vou para a França com alguns amigos.
  • // I was with Sylvia at the time. [Cambridge Dictionary]
  • Eu estava com Sylvia naquela Ă©poca.
  • // I'll be with you in a second.[Cambridge Dictionary]
  • JĂĄ vou estar com vocĂȘ.
  • // Ice cream with your apple pie? [Cambridge Dictionary]
  • Sorvete com torta de maçã?
07 – Choose the correct alternative to complete the paragraph.
Fatal accident during mooring operation on deck
During the mooring operation, the forward spring line ____ beneath the berth fender and ____ tightened up without awareness of the risk.

Suddenly, the taut rope ____ from beneath the berth fender and ____ on the OS causing his death.

(A) was stuck / being / bounced off / hit
(B) is stuck / is / bounces off / hit
(C) would stick / would be / bounced off / hits
(D) is sticking / was / is bounced off / hit
(E) had stuck / was being / was bounced off / hit
  •   Gabarito A  
Choose the correct alternative to complete the paragraph.
(A) was stuck / being / bounced off / hit
(B) is stuck / is / bounces off / hit
(C) would stick / would be / bounced off / hits
(D) is sticking / was / is bounced off / hit
(E) had stuck / was being / was bounced off / hit
Fatal accident during mooring operation on deck
Acidente fatal durante uma operação de amarração no convés
During the mooring operation, the forward spring line was stuck beneath the berth fender and being tightened up without awareness of the risk.
Durante a operação de amarração, o cabo de mola de proa ficou preso por baixo do pĂĄra-choque do cais e sendo esticado sem consciĂȘncia do risco.
Suddenly, the taut rope bounced off from beneath the berth fender and hit on the OS causing his death.
De repente, a corda esticada ricocheteou por baixo do pĂĄra-choque do cais e atingiu o OS, causando sua morte.

08 – Which option is correct?
(A) A new disease is affecting much cattle.
(B) Tell the boys to blow their nose.
(C) Let me give you an advice.
(D) Where are those ten pounds I lent you?
(E) A couple of my friends plan to open a new store.
  •   Gabarito E  
Which option is correct?
(A) A new disease is affecting much cattle.
(B) Tell the boys to blow their nose.
(C) Let me give you an advice.
(D) Where are those ten pounds I lent you?
(E) A couple of my friends plan to open a new store.

09 – Mark the option which corresponds to the correct sentences.
I - The lady regularly assists the local mosque.
II - She is very particular about cleanliness.
III - It is difficult to access whether this is a new trend.
IV - As for Van Gogh, he was confined in a hospice for one reason; he was a madman.
V - Abstracts that summarise new research and fmdings will be given priority.
(A) (I) and (II)
(B) (II) and (V)
(C) (III) and (V)
(D) (II) and (IV)
(E) (III) and (IV)
  •   Gabarito B  
Mark the option which corresponds to the correct sentences.
Marque a opção que corresponde às sentenças corretas.
I - The lady regularly assists the local mosque.
A senhora atende regularmente a mesquita local.
II - She is very particular about cleanliness.
Ela Ă© muito exigente com a limpeza.
III - It is difficult to access whether this is a new trend.
É difĂ­cil avaliar se esta Ă© uma nova tendĂȘncia.
IV - As for Van Gogh, he was confined in a hospice for one reason; he was a madman.
Quanto a Van Gogh, ele ficou internado em um hospĂ­cio por um motivo; ele era um louco.
V - Abstracts that summarise new research and fmdings will be given priority.
SerĂŁo priorizados resumos que resumam novas pesquisas e resultados.
(A) (I) and (II)
(B) (II) and (V)
(C) (III) and (V)
(D) (II) and (IV)
(E) (III) and (IV)

10 – Which option is correct to complete the sentences below?
1- My sister heard him ____ down the stairs.
2- She heard the bomb ____.
3- The teacher saw the notebook ____ on the table.
4- Justice must not only be done, it must be to be done.
5 - 1 could see my nephew ____ on the bus.
(A) go / explode / lie / seen / get
(B) gone / exploding / lie / saw / get
(C) went / explode / lying / seeing / getting
(D) going / explode / lying / seen / getting
(E) goes / exploding / lying / seen / getting
  •   Gabarito D  
Which option is correct to complete the sentences below?
1- My sister heard him going down the stairs.
2- She heard the bomb explode.
3- The teacher saw the notebook lying on the table.
4- Justice must not only be done, it must be to be done.
5 - I could see my nephew getting on the bus.

11 – Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below?
Netflix ____ 9.6 million new subscribers in the first three months of the year even as it increased prices and faced competition from rivais including Amazon and Apple.
The streaming video-service now ____ nearly 149 million subscribers worldwide.
Since it ____ public in 2002, Netflix shares ____ about 29%.

(A) added / has / has gone / have increased
(B) added / has / went / have increased
(C) has added / has / has gone / have increased
(D) has added / is having / went / increased
(E) has added / is having / went / increased
  •   Gabarito B  
(A) added / has / has gone / have increased
(B) added / has / went / have increased
(C) has added / has / has gone / have increased
(D) has added / is having / went / increased
(E) has added / is having / went / increased

Netflix added 9.6 million new subscribers in the first three months of the year even as it increased prices and faced competition from rivais including Amazon and Apple.
A Netflix adicionou 9,6 milhĂ”es de novos assinantes nos primeiros trĂȘs meses do ano, mesmo com o aumento de preços e a concorrĂȘncia de rivais como Amazon e Apple.
The streaming video-service now has nearly 149 million subscribers worldwide.
O serviço de streaming de vĂ­deo agora tem quase 149 milhĂ”es de assinantes em todo o mundo.
Since it went public in 2002, Netflix shares have increased about 29%.
Desde que abriu o capital em 2002, as açÔes da Netflix aumentaram cerca de 29%.

12 – Which of the following sentences expresses probability?
(A) Angela is not as efficient as she ought to be.
(B) People living in this area must be immunized.
(C) You should drink at least 1 liter of water a day.
(D) She left early, so she should be here at any time.
(E) One mustn't smoke at hospitais or health centers.
  •   Gabarito D  
Which of the following sentences expresses probability?
Qual das frases a seguir expressa probabilidade?
(A) Angela is not as efficient as she ought to be.
Angela nĂŁo Ă© tĂŁo eficiente quanto deveria ser.
(B) People living in this area must be immunized.
As pessoas que vivem nesta ĂĄrea devem ser imunizadas.
(C) You should drink at least 1 liter of water a day.
VocĂȘ deve beber pelo menos 1 litro de ĂĄgua por dia.
(D) She left early, so she should be here at any time.
Ela saiu cedo, entĂŁo deve chegar a qualquer hora.
(E) One mustn't smoke at hospitais or health centers.
NĂŁo se deve fumar em hospitais ou centros de saĂșde.

13 – Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below.
  • I. She congratulated me ____ passing the driving test.
  • II. My parents discouraged me ____ quitting my job.
  • III. She got married ____ a foreigner.
  • IV. Many young people dream ____ living abroad.
  • V. The mayor was forced to resign ____ his position.
(A) for / from / with /about / of
(B) for / for / with / about / of
(C) on / from / to / of / from
(D) on / from / to / with / from
(E) by / of / to / with / from
  •   Gabarito C  
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below.
I. She congratulated me on passing the driving test.
II. My parents discouraged me from quitting my job.
III. She got married to a foreigner.
IV. Many young people dream of living abroad.
V. The mayor was forced to resign from his position.
(A) for / from / with /about / of
(B) for / for / with / about / of
(C) on / from / to / of / from
(D) on / from / to / with / from
(E) by / of / to / with / from

14 – Which is the correct option to replace the verb “reach” in the paragraph below so that the meaning remains the same?
"Nowadays, it is difficult for parents to ____ their image of what ideal parenting should look like."
(A) live up to
(B) look down on
(C) run out of
(D) get away with
(E) look in on
  •   Gabarito A  

15 – Mark the only option which is INCORRECT.
(A) If I were you, I wouldn't ask for bank loans so often.
(B) If she had worked harder, she wouldn't be out-ofwork now.
(C) Lisa wouldn't have met John if she hadn't gone to that party.
(D) I'd be more patient with my parents if I didn't live with them.
(E) They'd leam how to cook if they need to live by themselves.
  •   Gabarito E  

16 – Analyze the sentences and choose the option which is grammatically correct.
  • I . I heard that she's looking forward to visit you.
  • II. She wanted that everyone understood her.
  • III. If you can't sleep, try taking sleeping pills.
  • IV. I'll never forget visiting Paris for the first time.
  • V. Remember locking the door on the way out.
(A) (I) and (II)
(B) (II) and (III)
(C) (III) and (IV)
(D) (II) and (IV)
(E) (IV) and (V)
  •   Gabarito C  

17 – Mark the correct sentence.
(A) There are less people living in the country nowadays.
(B) I have two daughters; the oldest is fifteen years- old.
(C) Which of these cities is furthest from London?
(D) This room is a lot cleaner than the other.
(E) The harder I study, the least I leam.
•   Gabarito  D  
Mark the correct sentence.
(A) There are less people living in the country nowadays.
>> Para se dizer "HĂĄ menos gente" ou "Tem menos gente", o certo Ă© "There are fewer people" e nĂŁo "There are less people". 

(B) I have two daughters; the oldest is fifteen years- old.
>> O certo Ă© sem hĂ­fen "fifteen years old" e nĂŁo "fifteen years-old".

(C) Which of these cities is furthest from London?
>> Para se dizer "fica mais distante de", o certo Ă© "is farthest from" e nĂŁo "is furthest from". 

(D) This room is a lot cleaner than the other.
Este quarto Ă© muito mais limpo que o outro.

(E) The harder I study, the least I learn.
>> O certo Ă© "The more I study, the less I learn."

18 – Which sentence is correct?
(A) She said she had observed problems in her class.
(B) She told to her boss that she would leave.
(C) She told she would buy the books herself.
(D) She asked John where did he travei on vacation.
(E) She asked John whether was he married.
•   Gabarito  A  
Which sentence is correct?
(A) She said she had observed problems in her class.
  • CORRETA pois o verbo SAID foi usado adequadamente na sentença.
  • Usamos SAID quando O RELATOR (interlocutor) NÃO CITA PARA QUEM A INFORMAÇÃO FOI TRANSMITIDA, como Ă© o caso da sentença acima onde o interlocutor disse que ela tinha observado problemas na classe dela, mas sem citar para quem ala relatou isso.
(1) Usamos SAID quando o interlocutor NÃO CITA PARA QUEM a informação foi relatada ou transmitida. (She said, They said, etc)

(2) Usamos TOLD quando o interlocutor CITA PARA QUEM a informação foi relatada ou transmitida. *(She told me – ela disse-me que, She told you – ela disse-lhe que, She told him – ela disse a ele que, She told her – ela disse a ela que, She told it – ela disse isso que, She told us – ela nos disse que, She told you – ela disse a eles que, She told them – ela disse a eles (a elas),

(B) She told to her boss that she would leave.
  • INCORRETA porque TOLD nunca segue preposição TO, mas sim pronome objeto, no caso HER.
  • O certo Ă© TOLD HER (not: told to her).
  • SENTENÇA CORREGIDA:
  • She told her boss that she would leave. - Ela disse ao seu chefe que iria sair.
(1) TOLD segue PRONOME OBJETO SEM PREPOSIÇÃO (TO).
  • Clarissa told me she’s thinking of moving to Canada. [Cambridge Dictionary]
  • She told me they had left her without any money. [Cambridge Dictionary]
(C) She told she would buy the books herself.
  • INCORRETA porque TOLD nĂŁo estĂĄ sendo seguido de PRONOME OBJETO.
  • O correto Ă© TOLD HER e nĂŁo TOLD SHE..
  • SENTENÇA CORREGIDA:
  • She told me she would buy the books herself. → Ela me disse que ela mesma compraria os livros.
(D) She asked John where did he travel on vacation.
  • INCORRETA porque o certo Ă© WHERE HE TRAVELED (not: did he travel), ou seja, nĂŁo se usa o auxiliar DID (indicativo de "tempo passado") com WHERE que Ă© uma WH-QUESTION.
Perceba que a sentença acima apresenta 02 (Dois) ERROS GRAMATICAIS:
  • ERRO DEVIDO A INVERSÃO INADEQUADA e ERRO DEVIDO O USO DO AUXILIAR DID COM WH-QUESTION.
  • SENTENÇA CORREGIDA:
  • She asked John where he traveled on vacation.
  • Ela perguntou a John para onde ele viajava nas fĂ©rias.
(1) NÃO SE USA “DO, DID” em WH-QUESTIONS [who (quem), where (onde),  why (por que), what (o quĂȘ, qual), which (o quĂȘ, qual), when (quando), how (como)].
(2) NÃO SE USA INVERSÃO (VERBO/SUJEITO) NO DISCURSO INDIRETO.

(E) She asked John whether was he married.
  • INCORRETA devido ao erro de inversĂŁo (SUJEITO/VERBO) na oração, o certo Ă© HE WAS MARRIED (not: was he married).
  • SENTENÇA CORREGIDA:
  • She asked John whether he was married.
  • Ela perguntou a John se ele era casado.
(1) NÃO SE USA INVERSÃO (VERBO/SUJEITO) NO DISCURSO INDIRETO.

•    TEXTO  
Smartphones are rewiring our brains
Smartphones estão reconectando nossos cérebros
With beeps, buzzes and chimes alerting us to crucial intelligences like the latest software updates we'll regret installing, and our work colleague's groundbreaking new profile picture, our mastery of concentration is slipping away. Focus is becoming a lost art.
Com bipes, zumbidos e sinos nos alertando sobre inteligĂȘncias cruciais, como as atualizaçÔes de software mais recentes que lamentaremos instalar e a nova foto de perfil inovadora de nosso colega de trabalho, nosso domĂ­nio da concentração estĂĄ desaparecendo. O foco estĂĄ se tornando uma arte perdida.

One study reported that adults between the ages of 18 and 33 interact with their phones an astounding 85 times a day, spending about 5 hours doing so. Interestingly, their usage was largely unconscious. They all thought they spent about half the time. For Larry Rosen, a psychologist at CalifĂłrnia State University, smartphones are really influencing our behavior.
Um estudo revelou que os adultos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 33 anos interagem com os seus telemĂłveis umas espantosas 85 vezes por dia, passando cerca de 5 horas a fazĂȘ-lo. Curiosamente, a sua utilização era em grande parte inconsciente. Todos eles pensavam que passavam cerca de metade do tempo. Para Larry Rosen, psicĂłlogo da Universidade Estadual da CalifĂłrnia, os smartphones estĂŁo realmente influenciando o nosso comportamento.
Benjamim Storm, a psychologist at the University of CalifĂłrnia says: “The scope of the amount of information we have at our fĂ­ngertips is beyond anything we've ever experienced. The temptation to become reliant on it seems to be greater”.
Benjamim Storm, psicólogo da Universidade da Califórnia, afirma: "O alcance da quantidade de informação que temos na ponta dos dedos ultrapassa tudo o que alguma vez experimentåmos. A tentação de nos tornarmos dependentes dela parece ser maior".
One of his studies offered strong evidence that the more students were allowed to use the internet to answer questions, the more they were prone to continue to use the internet, even when the questions became easier.
Um de seus estudos ofereceu fortes evidĂȘncias de que quanto mais os alunos podiam usar a internet para responder a perguntas, mais eles tendiam a continuar usando a internet, mesmo quando as perguntas se tornavam mais fĂĄceis.
“Some people think memory is absolutely declining as a result of us using technology”, he says. “Others disagree”. Based on the current data, though, I don't think we can really make strong conclusions one way or the other”.
"Algumas pessoas pensam que a memória estå diminuindo de forma absoluta devido à utilização da tecnologia", afirma. "Outros discordam". No entanto, com base nos dados atuais, penso que não podemos tirar conclusÔes definitivas de uma forma ou de outra".
  • (Adapted and abridged from: http://www.cbc.ca)
19 – Read the text and mark the correct option.
(A) Smartphone notifications such as beeps, buzzes and chimes are crucial to our intelligence.
(B) Smartphones help in mastering concentration and sharpening our focus.
(C) A study showed that adults between 18 and 33 were unaware of the actual time they spent on their smartphones.
(D) Although we've never had so much information at our fĂ­ngertips, people are less reliant on them.
(E) For Benjamim Storm, it is a fact that memory is declining as a result of using technology.
•   Gabarito  C  
Read the text and mark the correct option.
(A) Smartphone notifications such as beeps, buzzes and chimes are crucial to our intelligence.
(B) Smartphones help in mastering concentration and sharpening our focus.
(C) A study showed that adults between 18 and 33 were unaware of the actual time they spent on their smartphones.
(D) Although we've never had so much information at our fĂ­ngertips, people are less reliant on them.
(E) For Benjamim Storm, it is a fact that memory is declining as a result of using technology.

20 – In the excerpt “[...] the more they were prone to continue to use the internet [...]”, the word in bold means:
(A) assured
(B) inclined
(C) averse
(D) certain
(E) unwilling
•   Gabarito  B  
In the excerpt “[...] the more they were prone to continue to use the internet [...]”, the word in bold means:
(A) assured
(B) inclined
(C) averse
(D) certain
(E) unwilling

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