🔹| 🧷 Caderno de Prova | 🧷 Gabarito Oficial |
🔹| 10 | Multiple Choice Questions | FIVE-Option Question |
🟨 TEXTO:
Generations
Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe are known ______ their theories about cycles ______ generations ______ American history. In their seminal
Generations, and the subsequent 13th Gen, and The
Fourth Turning, they explore the history of America ______ 1584 to the present as a repeating cycle
of 4 consecutive generational archetypes.
They refer ______ each cycle of four generations as a constellation, and they posit that each constellational era corresponds to “5 recurring types of historical events” and
moods.
They state that adjacent generations do not
live similar lives, and that each generation ages as a
singular cohort as time moves forward.
If one were to
place this progression on a graph, the line would form
a diagonal – which Strauss and Howe call the “generational diagonal.”
According to Strauss and Howe,
each generation is comprised of people who possess:
1) common age, 2) common beliefs, and 3) perceived
membership in the same generation.
A generation
is approximately 22 years in length. Since a lifetime
may reach 80–90 years, members of 4 generations are
alive at one time.
The four generational archetypes identified by Strauss
and Howe are Idealist, Reactive, Civic, and Adaptive.
Idealists are “increasingly indulged youths after a secular crisis,” come of age “inspiring a spiritual awakening,”
cultivate principle rather than practicality or pragmatism in midlife, and emerge as “visionary elders.”
Reactives grow up “underprotected and criticized youths
during a spiritual awakening,” mature into risk taking
adults, unlike the preceding generation at midlife,
mellow into “pragmatic midlife leaders during a secular crisis,” and become reclusive elders.
Civics grow up “increasingly protected youths after a spiritual awakening,” become “a heroic and achieving cadre of young
adults,” build institutions as midlifers, and “emerge as
busy midlifers, attacked by the next spiritual awakening.”
Adaptives grow up as “overprotected and suffocated youths during a secular crisis,” unlike the previous generation as young adults, become “risk-averse,
conformist rising adults,” mature into “indecisive
arbitrator leaders during a spiritual awakening,” and
become sensitive elders.
The authors believe that the archetypical generations
have recurred in fixed order throughout American history with one exception: following the Civil War, one
type did not appear.
As each generational archetype
shifts from one phase of life to the next, the succeeding generations line up in a predictably recurring pattern.
For example, when the Idealists are elders, the
Reactives are in midlife, the Civics are in rising adulthood, and the Adaptives are in youth.
The central role of the elders, aged 66–87, is that of
stewardship, such as supervising and mentoring.
The
central role of midlife, aged 44-65, is leadership, such
as parenting and teaching.
The central role of rising
adulthood is activity, such as working and starting
families.
The central role of youth, aged 0 to 21 is
dependence, such as growing and learning.
21. Which of the following statements can be inferred
from the text?
- 1. At a time when a Reactive generation member is a pragmatic leader, an Idealist generation member is a visionary elder.
- 2. At a time when a Civic generation member is a protected youth, a Reactive generation member is a risk–taking adult.
- 3. At a time when an Adaptive generation member is a sensitive elder, a Civic generation member is an institution–building midlifer.
Choose the alternative which contains the correct
affirmatives.
a. Only sentence 1 is correct.
b. Only sentence 2 is correct.
c. Only sentence 3 is correct.
d. Only sentences 1 and 2 are correct.
e. Only sentences 1 and 3 are correct.
💡 GABARITO Ⓓ
🟣 Trecho-chave do texto:
“For example, when the Idealists are elders, the Reactives are in midlife, the Civics are in rising adulthood, and the Adaptives are in youth.”
E também:
Elders (66–87) → stewardship/visionary
Midlife (44–65) → leadership/pragmatic
Rising adulthood (22–43) → activity/build institutions
Youth (0–21) → dependence/learning
Os archetypes e fases:
Idealists → elders = visionary
Reactives → midlife = pragmatic leaders
Civics → midlife = institution-building
Adaptives → elders = sensitive
Analisando cada sentença
1. “At a time when a Reactive generation member is a pragmatic leader, an Idealist generation member is a visionary elder.” ✅
Correto. O texto diz explicitamente que quando os Reactives estão em midlife (44–65), eles são pragmatic leaders, e os Idealists são elders (visionary).
2. “At a time when a Civic generation member is a protected youth, a Reactive generation member is a risk–taking adult.” ✅
Correto. Os Civics começam como increasingly protected youths, enquanto os Reactives se tornam risk-taking adults em rising adulthood.
3. “At a time when an Adaptive generation member is a sensitive elder, a Civic generation member is an institution–building midlifer.” ❌
Parcialmente enganoso.
Adaptives → sensitive elders ✅
Civics → institution-building midlifers ❌? Na verdade, o texto coloca Civics em midlife, mas se os Adaptives já são elders, os Civics já não estão em midlife, e sim em rising adulthood. Portanto, essa combinação não ocorre simultaneamente no ciclo descrito.
Pegadinhas do enunciado
A 3ª sentença parece correta à primeira vista porque combina funções de midlife e elders, mas confunde a sequência temporal dos ciclos.
As sentenças 1 e 2 exigem atenção à posição das gerações nas fases da vida; é fácil confundir rising adulthood com midlife.
✅ Conclusão: Apenas as sentenças 1 e 2 descrevem corretamente eventos que ocorrem simultaneamente no ciclo geracional.
Resposta correta: D – Only sentences 1 and 2 are correct.
22. Choose the alternative which presents the correct prepositions that are missing in the first paragraph of the text.
a. due to • by • to • in
b. by • on • at • since • of
c. for • on • in • from • of
d. by • of • at • for • to
e. for • of • in • from • to
💡 GABARITO Ⓔ
🟣 ANÁLISE DAS ALTERNATIVAS:
O trecho do texto é:
“Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe are known ______ their theories about cycles ______ generations ______ American history. In their seminal Generations, and the subsequent 13th Gen, and The Fourth Turning, they explore the history of America ______ 1584 to the present as a repeating cycle of 4 consecutive generational archetypes.
They refer ______ each cycle of four generations as a constellation, and they posit that each constellational era corresponds to ‘5 recurring types of historical events’ and moods.”
Analisando cada lacuna
“Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe are known ______ their theories”
O verbo “be known” combina com “for”.
✅ Correto: for their theories
“about cycles ______ generations”
A preposição correta é “of”, formando a expressão: ✅ cycles of generations
“______ American history”
✅Refere-se ao período histórico: in American history
“the history of America ______ 1584 to the present”
✅Indica ponto de partida: from 1584 to the present
“They refer ______ each cycle”
O verbo “refer” combina com “to”:
✅refer to each cycle
✅ Isso corresponde à alternativa E – for • of • in • from • to
23. According to the text, what happens to the Civic
generation as its members enter midlife?
a. It is attacked by Idealists who are coming of age.
b. It is attacked by Idealists who are visionary
elders.
c. It is attacked by Reactives who are pragmatic
leaders.
d. It is attacked by Adaptives who are rising adults.
e. It is attacked by Adaptives who are youths.
💡 GABARITO Ⓐ
🟣 Vamos analisar cuidadosamente a questão com base no trecho do texto:
“For example, when the Idealists are elders, the Reactives are in midlife, the Civics are in rising adulthood, and the Adaptives are in youth.”
E sobre os papéis das gerações:
Civics: “emerge as busy midlifers, attacked by the next spiritual awakening.”
O “next spiritual awakening” vem da geração que está entrando na idade de destaque, ou seja, a geração seguinte (a seguir na ordem cíclica).
Alternativas analisadas
a. It is attacked by Idealists who are coming of age. ✅ Correta
Explicação: No ciclo, os Idealists vêm depois dos Civics. Quando os Civics entram na meia-idade, os Idealists são os jovens que “vêm de idade” (rising adulthood) e simbolizam a próxima “spiritual awakening” que ataca os Civics.
Pegadinha: O texto não diz “Idealists atacam literalmente”, mas sim que eles representam o impacto da nova geração no ciclo — a questão testa compreensão do ciclo geracional.
b. It is attacked by Idealists who are visionary elders. ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: Confunde a fase da vida dos Idealists. Eles não são elders quando atacam os Civics; eles estão chegando à fase adulta (coming of age).
c. It is attacked by Reactives who are pragmatic leaders. ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: Reactives são a geração anterior aos Civics. Eles já estão na meia-idade, não são a “nova geração” que provoca a transição, então não “atacam” os Civics.
d. It is attacked by Adaptives who are rising adults. ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: Adaptives são a geração que vem depois dos Civics, mas ainda estão na fase de youth, não “rising adults”. A descrição do ciclo é muito específica sobre a fase etária.
e. It is attacked by Adaptives who are youths. ❌ ❌ Errada
Pegadinha: Embora Adaptives estejam na youth, eles não são a geração seguinte aos Civics no ciclo, então não representam o “spiritual awakening” que ataca os Civics.
24. Analyze the sentences according to structure and
grammar use, and decide if the statements below are
true ( T ) or false ( F ).
- ( ) The word throughout in: The authors believe that the archetypical generations have recurred in fixed order throughout American history… is a preposition that means in every part of.
- ( ) In the last paragraph of the text, …such as supervising and mentoring., the underlined words are being used to express an action that is still happening.
- ( ) The following words in bold, Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe are known…, are in the present passive voice.
- ( ) The word approximately in bold, in the first paragraph, is an adverb.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct
sequence, from top to bottom.
a. T • T • F • T
b. T • F • T • T
c. T • F • F • T
d. F • T • T • F
e. F • T • F • T
💡 GABARITO Ⓑ
🟣 ANÁLISE DAS AFIRMATIVAS:
1️⃣ “The authors believe that the archetypical generations have recurred in fixed order throughout American history…”
Análise: “throughout” indica em toda a extensão ou em cada parte de algo, ou seja, preposição que significa “in every part of”.
✅ Verdadeiro (T)
2️⃣ “…such as supervising and mentoring.” (último parágrafo)
Análise: “supervising” e “mentoring” são gerúndios usados como substantivos (nominalização), indicando funções ou papéis da meia-idade, não ações em andamento.
❌ Falso (F)
Pegadinha: Muitos pensam que gerúndio = ação em andamento, mas aqui é substantivo que descreve atividades ou funções.
3️⃣ “Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe are known …”
Análise: Estrutura “are known” = passiva no presente (present passive voice).
✅ Verdadeiro (T)
4️⃣ “A generation is approximately 22 years in length.”
Análise: “approximately” modifica o número (22 years), portanto é um advérbio.
✅ Verdadeiro (T)
✅ Sequência correta (topo a baixo): T • F • T • T → alternativa Ⓑ
25. In the second paragraph in the text, the word
pragmatic, has its correct meaning in:
a. acting on the basis of principle.
b. behaving in a hermit like way.
c. acting in a practical way.
d. being in the final stage of life.
e. behaving in a reckless way.
💡 GABARITO Ⓒ
🟣 Frase do texto:
“Reactives grow up ‘underprotected and criticized youths during a spiritual awakening,’ mature into risk taking adults, unlike the preceding generation at midlife, mellow into “pragmatic midlife leaders during a secular crisis,” and become reclusive elders.”
Análise das alternativas
a. acting on the basis of principle
❌ Errado. Essa definição se aproxima mais de Idealists (“principle rather than practicality”). Não corresponde ao significado de pragmatic.
b. behaving in a hermit like way
❌ Errado. Hermit-like significa recluso ou isolado, que na verdade descreve os elders reclusivos, não pragmatic midlife leaders.
c. acting in a practical way
✅ Correto. Pragmatic = voltado para soluções práticas, realista, funcional. Aqui descreve líderes de meia-idade que tomam decisões práticas e eficientes.
d. being in the final stage of life
❌ Errado. “Midlife leaders” indica meia-idade, não a fase final da vida.
e. behaving in a reckless way
❌ Errado. Reckless = imprudente, inconsequente; o texto diz que os Reactives são líderes práticos, não imprudentes.
Pegadinha da questão
Muitos confundem pragmatic com “idealista” ou “final da vida” por contexto de geração, mas o texto deixa claro que se refere a praticidade e ação eficiente na meia-idade.
✅ Resposta correta: C – acting in a practical way
26. The word sensitive in the second paragraph, is
closest in meaning to:
a. someone who is able to make good judgements based on reason.
b. a person’s behavior having a quick appreciation
of others’ appearance.
c. a person’s feeling of others.
d. someone who is aware of others need in a way
to help them to feel good.
e. a person displaying a delicate appreciation of
others feelings.
💡 GABARITO Ⓔ
🟣 Frase do texto:
“Adaptives grow up as ‘overprotected and suffocated youths during a secular crisis,’ unlike the previous generation as young adults, become ‘risk-averse, conformist rising adults,’ mature into ‘indecisive arbitrator leaders during a spiritual awakening,’ and become sensitive elders.”
Análise das alternativas
a. someone who is able to make good judgements based on reason
❌ Errado. Isso descreve alguém racional ou judicioso, mas sensitive no contexto fala de percepção emocional, não de raciocínio lógico.
b. a person’s behavior having a quick appreciation of others’ appearance
❌ Errado. Foca na aparência, enquanto o texto sugere sensibilidade emocional.
c. a person’s feeling of others
❌ Errado. É vago; “feeling of others” não capta a ideia de delicadeza e empatia implícita em sensitive.
d. someone who is aware of others need in a way to help them to feel good
❌ Quase certo, mas é muito limitado ao agir para fazer bem, não engloba a apreciação delicada das emoções.
e. a person displaying a delicate appreciation of others feelings
✅ Correto. Captura o sentido de sensibilidade emocional e empática dos elders adaptativos descritos no texto.
Pegadinha da questão
As alternativas c e d tentam confundir com sensibilidade geral ou ajuda prática, mas o texto enfatiza apreço delicado pelos sentimentos alheios, não apenas percepção ou ação prática.
✅ Resposta correta: E – a person displaying a delicate appreciation of others feelings
27. In the following sentence:
- “They state that adjacent generations do not live similar lives, and that each generation ages as a singular cohort as time moves forward.”
The correct definition for the word cohort is in:
a. a generation of elders with similar goals.
b. a group of people with a shared characteristic.
c. a group of youths.
d. a common age generation.
e. a consecutive generational archetypes.
💡 GABARITO Ⓑ
🟣 Frase do texto:
“They state that adjacent generations do not live similar lives, and that each generation ages as a singular cohort as time moves forward.”
Significado de “cohort”
No contexto do texto, cohort se refere a um grupo de pessoas que compartilham uma característica em comum, neste caso, pertencentes à mesma geração.
Análise das alternativas
a. a generation of elders with similar goals
❌ Errado. Muito restrito a elders, enquanto cohort se aplica a toda a geração, independente da fase da vida.
b. a group of people with a shared characteristic
✅ Correto. Abrange qualquer grupo com característica comum (idade, geração, experiência).
c. a group of youths
❌ Errado. Cohort não se limita à juventude; o texto fala de toda a geração.
d. a common age generation
❌ Quase certo, mas é redundante e não captura que o termo cohort pode se aplicar a qualquer característica compartilhada, não só idade.
e. a consecutive generational archetypes
❌ Errado. Isso descreve o padrão das gerações, não o termo cohort em si.
Pegadinhas da questão
Alternativas a, c e d tentam limitar o significado a uma faixa etária específica ou fase da vida.
Alternativa e confunde cohort com arquetipos geracionais, que é outro conceito do texto.
✅ Resposta correta: B – a group of people with a shared characteristic
28. According to the text, identify the generational
archetypes using the following letters:
( I ) for Idealist,
( R ) for Reactive, ( C ) for Civic, and ( A ) for Adaptive, in
the following affirmatives:
- ( ) They emerge as busy midlifers.
- ( ) They become sensitive elders.
- ( ) They become reclusive elders.
- ( ) They emerge as visionary elders.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct
sequence, from top to bottom.
a. C • A • R • I
b. A • C • I • R
c. I • A • R • C
d. I • R • A • C
e. R • I • C • A
💡 GABARITO Ⓐ
🟣 Frases do texto sobre os papéis finais de cada geração:
Civics: “emerge as busy midlifers, attacked by the next spiritual awakening.”
Adaptives: “become sensitive elders.”
Reactives: “become reclusive elders.”
Idealists: “emerge as visionary elders.”
Análise das alternativas
a. C • A • R • I
✅ Correta. Cada letra corresponde exatamente ao papel citado no texto, de cima para baixo:
Busy midlifers → Civic
Sensitive elders → Adaptive
Reclusive elders → Reactive
Visionary elders → Idealist
b. A • C • I • R
❌ Errada. Inverte a ordem e associa incorretamente os papéis. Por exemplo, coloca Adaptives como “busy midlifers”, o que é falso.
c. I • A • R • C
❌ Errada. Mistura os papéis. Idealists não emergem como busy midlifers.
d. I • R • A • C
❌ Errada. Novamente troca os papéis, colocando Idealists no lugar de Civics.
e. R • I • C • A
❌ Errada. Mistura totalmente a sequência. Reactives não são busy midlifers, nem Idealists são reclusive elders.
Pegadinhas da questão
A ordem das gerações nem sempre é intuitiva; o texto fala do ciclo de cada fase da vida.
Algumas alternativas tentam confundir colocando “elders” no lugar de “midlifers” e vice-versa.
Letras I, R, C, A podem ser facilmente embaralhadas, então é necessário seguir os papéis finais descritos no texto.
✅ Resposta correta: A – C • A • R • I
29. According to the context, which of the following
definitions is correct?
a. forward: moving backwards
b. beliefs: accept as true
c. awakening: send to sleep
d. mellow: relaxed
e. shifts: to change places in life
💡 GABARITO Ⓓ
🟣 ANÁLISE DAS ALTERNATIVAS:
1. forward:
A frase do texto: “each generation ages as a singular cohort as time moves forward.”
Significado: “para frente, adiante” → oposto de ‘moving backwards’.
❌ Errada.
2. beliefs:
Contexto: “people who possess common age, common beliefs…”
Significado: “convicções, valores que alguém aceita como verdade” → parcialmente correto, mas o enunciado “accept as true” é incompleto no contexto de convicções coletivas de uma geração.
❌ Errada.
3. awakening:
Contexto: “come of age inspiring a spiritual awakening”
Significado: “despertar, iluminação espiritual” → oposto de “send to sleep”.
❌ Errada.
4. mellow:
Contexto: “mellow into pragmatic midlife leaders”
Significado: “tornar-se calmo, tranquilo, relaxado” → corresponde perfeitamente a “relaxed”.
✅ Correta.
5. shifts:
Contexto: “as each generational archetype shifts from one phase of life to the next”
Significado: “mudar, deslocar-se de uma fase para outra” → também correto, mas a questão pede a melhor definição individual, e “mellow” tem significado direto e sem ambiguidades.
❌ Errada por contexto da questão.
✅ Resposta correta: D – mellow: relaxed
Pegadinha:
Algumas alternativas usam palavras com sentido oposto ou parcial (forward, awakening) ou conceitos que podem confundir (beliefs, shifts), exigindo atenção ao contexto exato da frase.
30. Method and Approach are often confused with
each other because of the similarity in their meanings.
Both are instructional designs with principles and practices that guide the process of teaching and learning.
The following sentences present some differences
between them.
Write ( M ) for Method(s) and ( A ) for
Approach(es).
- ( ) They prescribe what materials and activities should be used, how they should be used and what the role of the teacher should be.
- ( ) It is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning.
- ( ) It describes the nature of the subject matter to be taught.
- ( ) It’s a pre-packaged set of specifications of how the teacher should teach and how the learner should learn derived from a particular theory of language and a theory of language learning.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct
sequence, from top to bottom.
a. A • A • M • M
b. A • M • A • M
c. M • A • A • M
d. M • A • M • A
e. M • M • M • A
💡 GABARITO Ⓒ
🟣 ANÁLISE DAS ALTERNATIVAS:
Vamos analisar cada afirmativa com base nas definições de Method (Método) e Approach (Abordagem):
1. “They prescribe what materials and activities should be used, how they should be used and what the role of the teacher should be.”
Isso indica uma sequência prática e detalhada para aplicar o ensino → Method (M).
2. “It is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning.”
Refere-se a princípios teóricos que guiam o ensino → Approach (A).
3. “It describes the nature of the subject matter to be taught.”
Fala sobre a organização e escolha do conteúdo → também ligada a Method (M), pois é prática concreta derivada da abordagem.
4. “It’s a pre-packaged set of specifications of how the teacher should teach and how the learner should learn derived from a particular theory of language and a theory of language learning.”
Detalha como ensinar e aprender na prática com base em uma teoria → Method (M).
Sequência correta (de cima para baixo):
M • A • A • M ✅
Pegadinhas:
Confusão entre “descrever a natureza do conteúdo” e “princípios teóricos” (A vs M).
“Pre-packaged set of specifications” parece teórico, mas é na prática um Method derivado da teoria.