Postagens
❑ Welcome back to another post!
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-21/07/2019.
❑ ORGANIZADOR: www.uece.br/cev.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ 20 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.
➭ Text – English in the World Today | www.open.edu |
❑ GABARITO:
01-B, 02-D, 03-B, 04-C, 05-B
06-A, 07-C, 08-B, 09-A, 10-A
11-C, 12-D, 13-B, 14-B, 15-A
16-D, 17-C, 18-A, 19-B, 20-A
❑ TEXT:
❑ TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:
English in the World Today
(O inglês no mundo atual)
The English language has changed
considerably over the last thousand or so
years. It has changed in terms of its lexis
(vocabulary), its orthography (spelling)
and its semantics (meaning). And it has
also changed in terms of its syntax (word
order).
(A língua inglesa mudou consideravelmente ao longo dos últimos mil anos. Mudou em termos do seu lexis (vocabulário), da sua ortografia (ortografia) e da sua semântica (significado). E também mudou em termos da sua sintaxe (ordem das palavras).)
One of the reasons for the change
that has happened to English over the
centuries is that, since its very
beginnings, English has always been in
contact with other languages. The
influence from this contact can be seen
most clearly in the way that English is full
of what are known as loanwords. The
term loanword, or borrowing, is used to
refer to an item of vocabulary from one
language which has been adopted into
the vocabulary of another. The process is
often the result of language contact,
where two or more languages exist in
close geographical or social proximity.
The dominant language often absorbs
new items of vocabulary, either to cover
concepts for which it has no specific word
of its own, or to generate a slightly
different function or nuance for concepts
for which it does have existing words.
(Uma das razões para a mudança que ocorreu no inglês ao longo dos séculos é que, desde os seus primórdios, o inglês esteve sempre em contacto com outras línguas. A influência deste contacto pode ser vista mais claramente na forma como o inglês está repleto daquilo a que se chama "loanwords". O termo loanword, ou empréstimo, é utilizado para designar um item de vocabulário de uma língua que foi adotado no vocabulário de outra. Este processo resulta frequentemente do contacto linguístico, quando duas ou mais línguas se encontram geograficamente ou socialmente próximas. A língua dominante absorve muitas vezes novos vocábulos, quer para abranger conceitos para os quais não dispõe de uma palavra específica, quer para dar uma função ou uma nuance ligeiramente diferente a conceitos para os quais dispõe de palavras.)
Some loanwords retain their
‘foreign’ appearance when they are
adopted, and people will often then use
them specifically for the sense of
exoticism that they impart. One can talk
of a certain je ne sais quoi, for example,
or of a joie de vivre when speaking
English – in both cases invoking images
of French culture to enhance the meaning
of what is being communicated. Other
loanwords, however, have become
completely naturalized, until speakers of
the language no longer notice their
‘foreignness’ at all.
(Algumas palavras emprestadas mantêm a sua aparência "estrangeira" quando são adoptadas, e as pessoas utilizam-nas muitas vezes especificamente pelo sentido de exotismo que transmitem. Pode falar-se de um certo je ne sais quoi, por exemplo, ou de uma joie de vivre quando se fala inglês - em ambos os casos, invocando imagens da cultura francesa para realçar o significado do que está a ser comunicado. Outros empréstimos, porém, naturalizaram-se completamente, até que os falantes da língua já não se apercebem da sua "estrangeiridade".)
English has, over its lifetime,
absorbed influences from countless
sources – and so just as English is now a
presence in diverse contexts all across
the globe, so diverse contexts from
across the globe also have a presence in
the language itself.
(Ao longo da sua existência, o inglês absorveu influências de inúmeras fontes - e assim, tal como o inglês está agora presente em diversos contextos em todo o mundo, também os diversos contextos de todo o mundo estão presentes na própria língua.)
The history of English can
therefore be seen as a record of the
changes that have occurred in the
populations of those who speak the
language. When two languages come into
contact, what actually happens is that
two communities who speak different
languages engage with each other, and the nature of that engagement will
determine how the languages influence
one another. In other words, it is
important when we study English not to
forget that what we are actually studying
is the language as it is and was used by
real people.
(A história do inglês pode, portanto, ser vista como um registo das mudanças que ocorreram nas populações daqueles que falam a língua. Quando duas línguas entram em contacto, o que realmente acontece é que duas comunidades que falam línguas diferentes se envolvem uma com a outra, e a natureza desse envolvimento determinará a forma como as línguas se influenciam mutuamente. Por outras palavras, é importante, quando estudamos inglês, não esquecer que o que estamos a estudar é a língua tal como ela é e foi utilizada por pessoas reais.)
There is a problem in talking about
statistics such as those which say that
English is spoken by almost two billion
people the world over because they make
large generalizations about the nature of
the English involved, and the relationship
that people have to the language. Such
statistics can never fully represent the
diversity of experiences that speakers of
the language have, either about whether
they feel they are ‘authentic’ English
speakers or about what they themselves
understand English to be.
(Há um problema em falar de estatísticas como as que dizem que o inglês é falado por quase dois mil milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, porque fazem grandes generalizações sobre a natureza do inglês em causa e a relação que as pessoas têm com a língua. Estas estatísticas nunca poderão representar totalmente a diversidade de experiências que os falantes da língua têm, quer quanto ao facto de se sentirem falantes "autênticos" de inglês, quer quanto ao que eles próprios entendem por inglês.)
The attitudes people have towards
the language are a part of their own
personal history. But this personal history
is always a part of the wider history of
the community in which they live. It is
often the case that not only is the
language of importance to the individual’s
sense of identity, but that it also plays a
part in the cultural identity of a group or
nation. It is within this context that the
history of English – and especially the
reasons behind its global spread – can be
of great significance for the attitudes
people have towards the language.
(As atitudes que as pessoas têm em relação à língua fazem parte da sua própria história pessoal. Mas esta história pessoal é sempre uma parte da história mais alargada da comunidade em que vivem. Acontece frequentemente que a língua não só é importante para o sentido de identidade de um indivíduo, como também desempenha um papel na identidade cultural de um grupo ou nação. É neste contexto que a história do inglês - e especialmente as razões subjacentes à sua disseminação global - pode ser de grande importância para as atitudes que as pessoas têm em relação à língua.)
Decisions about the language
made by institutions such as national
governments and education systems
have an impact on the form of the
language and on the way it is perceived
and used. In contexts such as these,
English cannot simply be considered a
neutral medium of communication;
instead it is a politically charged social
practice embedded in the histories of the
people who use it.
(As decisões sobre a língua tomadas por instituições como os governos nacionais e os sistemas educativos têm um impacto na forma da língua e no modo como é percepcionada e utilizada. Em contextos como estes, o inglês não pode ser simplesmente considerado um meio de comunicação neutro; em vez disso, é uma prática social politicamente carregada, enraizada nas histórias das pessoas que a utilizam.)
The English language is and
always has been a diverse entity. It has
changed dramatically over the centuries
since it first arrived on the shores of
Britain from the north of Europe, and
these changes mean that the language
that was spoken at that time is almost
incomprehensible to us now. As the
language has spread beyond Britain it
has continued to change, and to change
in different ways in different contexts. It
has diversified to such an extent that
some scholars suggest that it is no longer
accurate to talk of a single ‘English’; that
instead there are many different English
languages around the world today.
(A língua inglesa é e sempre foi uma entidade diversificada. Mudou drasticamente ao longo dos séculos desde que chegou às costas da Grã-Bretanha vinda do norte da Europa, e estas mudanças significam que a língua que era falada nessa altura é quase incompreensível para nós agora. À medida que a língua se espalhou para além da Grã-Bretanha, continuou a mudar, e a mudar de formas diferentes em contextos diferentes. Diversificou-se de tal forma que alguns académicos sugerem que já não é correto falar de um único "inglês"; em vez disso, existem atualmente muitas línguas inglesas diferentes em todo o mundo.)
At the same time, however,
English exists in the world today as a
means of international communication – as a way for people from different social
groups to communicate with each other –
and to fulfil this function it would seem
that variation in the language needs to
be curtailed to a certain extent. That is to
say, if the language becomes too diverse
it will not remain mutually
comprehensible across different social
groups.
(Ao mesmo tempo, porém, o inglês existe atualmente no mundo como meio de comunicação internacional - como forma de as pessoas de diferentes grupos sociais comunicarem entre si - e, para cumprir esta função, parece que a variação na língua tem de ser reduzida até um certo ponto. Ou seja, se a língua se tornar demasiado diversificada, não será compreensível para todos os grupos sociais.)
So we have two impulses at work
that are seemingly incompatible, or
perhaps even in conflict, and the question
we are faced with is how to render them
as consistent, as both being part of the
existence of a single entity we call
‘English’. This is one of the central issues
in English language studies today – and it
is a very modern issue because it has
come about as a direct result of the
unprecedented position that English now
occupies in the world: as a language with
global scope which is implicated in the
history and present-day existence of
societies all around the world.
(Assim, temos dois impulsos em ação que parecem incompatíveis, ou talvez mesmo em conflito, e a questão com que nos deparamos é como torná-los coerentes, como sendo ambos parte da existência de uma única entidade a que chamamos "inglês". Esta é uma das questões centrais nos estudos da língua inglesa hoje em dia - e é uma questão muito moderna porque surgiu como resultado direto da posição sem precedentes que o inglês ocupa agora no mundo: como uma língua de âmbito global que está implicada na história e na existência atual de sociedades em todo o mundo.)
Adapted from: https://www.open.edu/
01 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
As to the statistics related to English, it is
correct to say that they
A) show how naturalized many loanwords have
become.
B) do not account for the speakers' diverse
experiences.
C) show very few changes in the syntax of the
language.
D) are not consistent with the diversity of the
language.
• ANSWER (B)
02 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
According to the text, the English language
has
A) not included many loanwords.
B) been a mixture of Italian and French.
C) remained the same over the last century.
D) absorbed influences from endless sources.
• ANSWER (D)
03 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
Some of the loanwords used by English
speakers have become so popular that
A) they are regarded as poor English words.
B) no one can tell they are foreign words.
C) only native English speakers use them.
D) they have simplified the English orthography.
• ANSWER (B)
04 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
According to the text, due to the huge
changes English has had since it first came from
the north of Europe to the British land,
A) many new items of vocabulary have been
absorbed from German.
B) it does not have a very definite line of
continuity.
C) the language spoken then is nearly
incomprehensible today.
D) the majority of the words used nowadays are
from Latin origin.
• ANSWER (C)
05 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
In order to accomplish its function as a
means of international communication today, the
English language
A) has to have a huge array of variation.
B) needs to maintain variation reduced to a
certain extent.
C) is supposed to include elements of too many
languages.
D) should disregard any time of variation.
• ANSWER (B)
06 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
According to the text, the position that the
English language occupies in the world today
A) is unique, since no other language ever had
such a status.
B) seems to be similar to Latin in the period of
the Roman Empire.
C) once belonged to other European languages.
D) is at risk of being replaced by Chinese.
• ANSWER (A)
07 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
The text mentions one of the reasons for the
changes that have happened in the English
language over the years, which is the
A) vast amount of literature written in English.
B) oral traditions of the countries where English is
spoken.
C) constant contact with other languages since its
origins.
D) spread of communication through the internet.
• ANSWER (C)
08 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
Decisions made by institutions and
governments as to the use of a language such as
English
A) are considered, politically speaking, a neutral
attitude.
B) have an influence on the way the language is
viewed and used.
C) cause disturbances among diverse social
groups.
D) are a source of political conflicts.
• ANSWER (B)
09 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
The sentence “if the language becomes too
diverse it will not remain mutually comprehensible
across different social groups.” (lines 127-130)
contains a
A) conditional clause.
B) comparative clause.
C) place clause.
D) time clause.
• ANSWER (A)
10 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
The sentence “When two languages come
into contact, two communities who speak different
languages engage with each other” (lines 54-57)
is classified as
A) complex.
B) compound.
C) simple.
D) compound-complex.
• ANSWER (A)
11 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
The sentence “It has changed in terms of its
lexis (vocabulary), its orthography (spelling) and
its semantics (meaning).” (lines 3-5) is classified
as
A) complex.
B) compound.
C) simple.
D) compound-complex.
• ANSWER (C)
12 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
The sentences
“The dominant language
often absorbs new items of vocabulary” (lines 23-
24) and
“Some loanwords retain their ‘foreign’
appearance” (lines 29-30)
contain a/an
A) indirect object and a direct object.
B) direct object and an indirect object.
C) indirect object and an indirect object.
D) direct object and a direct object.
• ANSWER (D)
13 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
The sentence “the nature of that
engagement will determine how the languages
influence one another.” (lines 58-60)
contains
a/an
A) subject noun clause.
B) object noun clause.
C) adverb clause.
D) adjective clause.
• ANSWER (B)
14 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
The sentence “it is a politically charged
social practice embedded in the histories of the
people who use it.” (lines 100-102)
contains a/an
A) conditional clause.
B) relative clause.
C) adverb clause.
D) noun clause.
• ANSWER (B)
15 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
In the sentences
“Such statistics can never
fully represent the diversity of experiences that
speakers of the language have” (lines 71-74) and
“…changes that have occurred in the populations
of those who speak the language.” (lines 52-54),
the underlined clauses are classified as
A) defining relative clauses.
B) non-defining relative clauses.
C) adverb clauses.
D) noun clauses.
• ANSWER (A)
16 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
In terms of voice, the underlined verbs in
the sentence
“The term loanword, or borrowing, is
used to refer to an item of vocabulary from one
language which has been adopted into the
vocabulary of another.” (lines 15-19)
are
respectively in the
A) passive voice and active voice.
B) active voice and active voice.
C) active voice and passive voice.
D) passive voice and passive voice.
• ANSWER (D)
17 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
In the sentence “The influence from this
contact can be seen most clearly in the way that
English is full of what are known as loanwords.”
(lines 12-15),
at least one of the verbs is in the
A) past perfect.
B) present continuous.
C) passive voice.
D) present perfect.
• ANSWER (C)
18 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
In terms of tense, the underlined verbs in the
sentences
“Other loanwords, however, have
become completely naturalized” (lines 38-40) and
“English has, over its lifetime, absorbed influences
from countless sources” (lines 43-45)
are
respectively in the
A) present perfect and present perfect.
B) past perfect and present perfect.
C) present perfect and past continuous.
D) past perfect and simple past.
• ANSWER (A)
19 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
In terms of tense, the verbs in the sentence
“The attitudes people have towards the language
are a part of their own personal history.” (lines
78-80) are respectively in the
A) simple present and present perfect.
B) simple present and simple present.
C) present perfect and simple present.
D) simple past and present continuous.
• ANSWER (B)
20 – (UECE-2019/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA)
The sentence
“It has changed dramatically
over the centuries since it first arrived on the
shores of Britain from the north of Europe” (lines
104-107)
contains a conjunction that introduces a
A) time clause.
B) contrast clause.
C) concession clause.
D) conditional clause.
• ANSWER (A)
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