- Texto (1) – | Swearing on the bible | Quora Digest |
- Texto (2) – | A force for peace | Foreign Affairs |
- Texto (3) – | A television drama about taiwanese politics | The Economist |
- Texto (4) – | Monkeys that play together stay together | Natural History |
- Texto (5) – | The great power of nonviolence | 100 Great Ideas That Changed The World |
- 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) | 5 Options Each Question.
❑ TEXTO 1: Texto para as questĂ”es de 31 a 33.
SWEARING ON THE BIBLE
JURAMENTO NA BĂBLIA
- By Angela Stockton
[1Âș PARĂGRAFO]
On November 22, 1963, the day President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, Vice President Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) did not put his hand on the Bible when he took his oath of office as the new President.
Em 22 de novembro de 1963, dia em que o presidente John F. Kennedy foi assassinado, o vice-presidente Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) nĂŁo colocou a mĂŁo na BĂblia quando fez o juramento de posse como novo presidente.
The book that he and the Secret Service agents thought was the Bible was in fact a missal, i.e., a book of prayers which Catholics used at Masses.
O livro que ele e os agentes do Serviço Secreto pensavam ser a BĂblia era na verdade um missal, ou seja, um livro de oraçÔes que os catĂłlicos usavam nas missas.
[2Âș PARĂGRAFO]
That didn’t make LBJ’s oath invalid.
Isso nĂŁo invalidou o juramento de LBJ.
Because the Constitution specifically states that no religious test shall be required for public office in the United States, no public official needs to say “So help me, God,” or put his or her left hand on any book.
Como a Constituição declara especificamente que nenhum teste religioso serĂĄ exigido para cargos pĂșblicos nos Estados Unidos, nenhum funcionĂĄrio pĂșblico precisa dizer “Juro por Deus”, ou colocar a mĂŁo esquerda em qualquer livro.
LBJ’s oath would have been equally valid if he had put his left hand on a telephone book or a cookbook.
O juramento de LBJ teria sido igualmente vĂĄlido se ele tivesse colocado a mĂŁo esquerda numa lista telefĂŽnica ou num livro de receitas.
[3Âș PARĂGRAFO]
And Barack Obama did put his hand on a Bible for both his public inaugurations and undoubtedly at his third one.
E Barack Obama colocou a mĂŁo numa BĂblia tanto nas suas inauguraçÔes pĂșblicas como, sem dĂșvida, na terceira.
His third? Yes, if you recall, Chief Justice [Presidente da Suprema Corte dos EUA] John Roberts messed up the words of the oath when he swore in Obama at his first inauguration.
Seu terceiro? Sim, se vocĂȘs se lembram, o Presidente da Suprema Corte dos EUA John Roberts 'bagunçou as palavras' do juramento quando empossou Obama na sua primeira posse.
(You had one job, John…)
(VocĂȘ tinha um emprego, John…)
So that no one could say Obama was not validly inaugurated, Roberts went to the White House on the evening of January 20, 2009 and administered the oath again, in private.
Para que ninguém pudesse dizer que Obama não foi validamente empossado, Roberts foi à Casa Branca na noite de 20 de janeiro de 2009 e administrou novamente o juramento, em privado.
One hopes that he was reading it off the Constitution that time.
Espera-se que ele estivesse lendo a Constituição naquela época.
- Adapted from Quora Digest, July 29, 2023.
31 – Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) Because of a Constitutional technicality, many U.S. citizens later considered President Lyndon Johnson’s oath of office invalid.
(B) In an emergency, any Christian religious book may serve to validate a new President’s oath of office.
(C) By the terms of the U.S. Constitution, Lyndon Johnson
automatically became President after John F. Kennedy’s
assassination and thus was not legally required to take an oath of office.
(D) Lyndon Johnson and the Secret Service agents may not have thoroughly checked the content of the book that was used in Johnson’s oath of office.
(E) After John F. Kennedy’s assassination on November 22, 1963, Lyndon Johnson and the Secret Service agents needed a Bible so he could officially become President.
• Gabarito D
Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
Qual das alternativas a seguir é mais apoiada pelas informaçÔes do artigo?
(A) Because of a Constitutional technicality, many U.S. citizens later considered President Lyndon Johnson’s oath of office invalid.
Devido a um detalhe técnico constitucional, muitos cidadãos dos EUA consideraram mais tarde invålido o juramento de cargo do Presidente Lyndon Johnson.
(B) In an emergency, any Christian religious book may serve to validate a new President’s oath of office.
Em caso de emergĂȘncia, qualquer livro religioso cristĂŁo pode servir para validar o juramento de cargo de um novo presidente.
(C) By the terms of the U.S. Constitution, Lyndon Johnson automatically became President after John F. Kennedy’s assassination and thus was not legally required to take an oath of office.
Pelos termos da Constituição dos EUA, Lyndon Johnson tornou-se automaticamente presidente após John F. Kennedy assassinato e, portanto, não era legalmente obrigado a prestar juramento de cargo.
(D) Lyndon Johnson and the Secret Service agents may not have thoroughly checked the content of the book that was used in Johnson’s oath of office.
Lyndon Johnson e os agentes do Serviço Secreto podem nĂŁo ter verificado minuciosamente o conteĂșdo do livro que foi usado no juramento de cargo de Johnson.
(E) After John F. Kennedy’s assassination on November 22, 1963, Lyndon Johnson and the Secret Service agents needed a Bible so he could officially become President.
ApĂłs o assassinato de John F. Kennedy em 22 de novembro de 1963, Lyndon Johnson e os agentes do Serviço Secreto precisavam de uma BĂblia para que ele pudesse se tornar oficialmente presidente.
32 – At the end of paragraph 2, the author most likely mentions “a telephone book or a cookbook” in order to
(A) draw attention to the absurdity of associating religion with U.S. politics.
(B) make it clear that taking the Presidential oath of office is in no way a religious ceremony.
(C) make fun of the insincere, hypocritical nature of political
ceremonies in the U.S.
(D) highlight Lyndon Johnson’s surprising ignorance of basic
Constitutional principles.
(E) express her opinion that in U.S. politics the Christian Bible is slowly but surely losing its importance.
• Gabarito B
At the end of paragraph 2, the author most likely mentions “a telephone book or a cookbook” in order to
No final do parĂĄgrafo 2, o autor provavelmente menciona “uma lista telefĂŽnica ou um livro de receitas” com o objetivo de
(A) draw attention to the absurdity of associating religion with U.S. politics.
chamar a atenção para o absurdo de associar a religiĂŁo Ă polĂtica dos EUA.
(B) make it clear that taking the Presidential oath of office is in no way a religious ceremony.
deixar claro que prestar juramento de cargo presidencial 'nĂŁo Ă© de forma alguma' uma cerimĂŽnia religiosa.
(C) make fun of the insincere, hypocritical nature of political ceremonies in the U.S.
zombar da natureza insincera e hipĂłcrita das solenidades polĂticas nos EUA.
(D) highlight Lyndon Johnson’s surprising ignorance of basic Constitutional principles.
destacar[salientar] a surpreendente[espantosa] ignorĂąncia de Lyndon Johnson sobre os princĂpios constitucionais bĂĄsicos.
(E) express her opinion that in U.S. politics the Christian Bible is slowly but surely losing its importance.
expressar a sua opiniĂŁo de que na polĂtica dos EUA a BĂblia cristĂŁ estĂĄ lenta mas seguramente perdendo a sua importĂąncia.
33 – With respect to Barack Obama’s first inauguration, the information in the article most likely supports which of the following?
(A) It was the first time an African American was allowed to put his hand on a Bible for any kind of oath of office.
(B) Chief Justice John Roberts was so nervous that he forgot the words that he needed to say, and so the ceremony was postponed and continued later.
(C) To help prevent any accusations of fraud or bad faith, the ceremony was repeated.
(D) By placing his left hand on the Bible, Barack Obama was making a political gesture, not a religious one.
(E) If Barack Obama were White, his first inauguration would have had no element of controversy.
• Gabarito C
With respect to Barack Obama’s first inauguration, the information in the article most likely supports which of the following?
No que diz respeito à primeira posse de Barack Obama, as informaçÔes contidas no artigo provavelmente apoiam qual das seguintes afirmaçÔes?
(A) It was the first time an African American was allowed to put his hand on a Bible for any kind of oath of office.
Foi a primeira vez que um afro-americano foi autorizado a colocar a mĂŁo numa BĂblia para qualquer tipo de juramento de cargo.
(B) Chief Justice John Roberts was so nervous that he forgot the words that he needed to say, and so the ceremony was postponed and continued later.
o Presidente da Suprema Corte dos EUA John Roberts estava tĂŁo nervoso que esqueceu as palavras que precisava dizer, e entĂŁo a cerimĂŽnia foi adiada e continuou mais tarde.
(C) To help prevent any accusations of fraud or bad faith, the ceremony was repeated.
Para ajudar a evitar quaisquer acusaçÔes de fraude ou må-fé, a cerimÎnia foi repetida.
(D) By placing his left hand on the Bible, Barack Obama was making a political gesture, not a religious one.
Ao colocar a mĂŁo esquerda sobre a BĂblia, Barack Obama estava fazendo um gesto polĂtico, nĂŁo religioso.
(E) If Barack Obama were White, his first inauguration would have had no element of controversy.
Se Barack Obama fosse branco, sua primeira posse nĂŁo teria tido nenhum elemento de polĂȘmica.
❑ TEXTO 2: Texto para as questĂ”es de 34 a 37.
A FORCE FOR PEACE
UMA FORĂA PARA A PAZ
By Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Diretora Geral of the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Diretora Geral da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC)
[1Âș PARĂGRAFO]
To abandon the many benefits that come with international trade would be foolish.
Abandonar os muitos benefĂcios que advĂȘm do comĂ©rcio internacional seria uma tolice.
There are real problems with the current trading system, but the counterfactual scenario is almost certainly worse:
HĂĄ problemas reais com o atual sistema comercial, mas o cenĂĄrio contrafactual Ă© quase certamente pior:
it is difficult to believe that international security would be better served if leading powers had no economic interest in one another’s stability and prosperity and no shared institutions in which to engage.
Ă© difĂcil acreditar que a segurança internacional seria melhor servida se as principais potĂȘncias nĂŁo tivessem interesse econĂŽmico na estabilidade e prosperidade umas das outras e nĂŁo tivessem instituiçÔes compartilhadas nas quais para se envolver.
Trade between the United States and China benefits people and businesses in both countries enormously and ties the superpowers together, both bilaterally and in international forums, providing an incentive to cooperate where possible and avoid conflict.
O comĂ©rcio entre os Estados Unidos e a China beneficia enormemente as pessoas e as empresas de ambos os paĂses e une as superpotĂȘncias, tanto a nĂvel bilateral como em fĂłruns internacionais, proporcionando um incentivo Ă cooperação sempre que possĂvel e a evitar conflitos.
[2Âș PARĂGRAFO]
Strategic competition is a reality of the modern world.
A competição estratégica é uma realidade do mundo moderno.
But that world will become unlivable unless there is also strategic cooperation.
Mas esse mundo tornar-se-å inabitåvel a menos que haja também cooperação estratégica.
The WTO’s ministerial meeting last summer offered hope that the two can go together.
A reunião ministerial da OMC no Verão passado ofereceu esperança de que os dois possam caminhar juntos.
The agreements reached there had the support of all WTO members.
Os acordos ali alcançados contaram com o apoio de todos os membros da OMC.
They worked across geopolitical and policy fault lines, each perceiving a national interest in reinforcing the world trading system.
Trabalharam atravĂ©s de divisĂ”es geopolĂticas e polĂticas, cada um percebendo um interesse nacional em reforçar o sistema de comĂ©rcio mundial.
[3Âș PARĂGRAFO]
In the 75 years since the world first embraced multilateral cooperation on trade, the trading system has underpinned [sustentou, apoiou] rising – if still uneven – global prosperity.
Nos 75 anos desde que o mundo abraçou pela primeira vez a cooperação multilateral no comĂ©rcio, o sistema comercial sustentou [apoiou] a crescente – embora ainda desigual – prosperidade global.
It has achieved its original goal of helping governments keep markets open in turbulent times.
Atingiu o seu objetivo original de ajudar os governos a manter os mercados abertos em tempos turbulentos.
In the face of mighty [poderosos] shocks, from the global financial crisis to the pandemic, the world did not repeat the 1930s spiral of protectionism and depression, instead allowing cross-border demand and supply to be an engine for recovery.
Perante choques poderosos, desde a crise financeira global até à pandemia, o mundo não repetiu a espiral de protecionismo e depressão da década de 1930, permitindo, em vez disso, que a procura e a oferta transfronteiriças fossem um motor para a recuperação.
[4Âș PARĂGRAFO]
Today, the multilateral trading system is part of the solution to major global challenges, from climate change to conflict to pandemic preparedness.
Hoje, o sistema comercial multilateral faz parte da solução para os principais desafios globais, desde as alteraçÔes climåticas aos conflitos e à preparação para pandemias.
And a reformed WTO, fit for the twenty-first century, is needed now more than ever, with rules that underpin the stability, predictability, and openness of the global trading system.
E uma OMC reformada, adequada ao século XXI, é agora mais necessåria do que nunca, com regras que apoiem a estabilidade, a previsibilidade e a abertura do sistema comercial global.
In the past 15 years we have learned that unforeseen crises surely lie [ficam, situam-se] ahead and that without the stabilizing force of trade, the world will almost certainly be less able to weather [enfrentar, resistir] them.
Nos Ășltimos 15 anos, aprendemos que crises imprevistas certamente estĂŁo por vir e que sem a força estabilizadora do comĂ©rcio, o mundo serĂĄ quase certamente menos capaz de enfrentĂĄ-las [resistir].
- Adapted from Foreign Affairs, July/August 2023.
34 – With which of the following statements would the author of the article be most likely to agree?
(A) Without a robust and extensive international trading system, the world must inevitably collapse into a catastrophic war of all against all.
(B) It is no exaggeration to affirm that while the world’s current
trading system is certainly imperfect, it is the best we can do for now.
(C) Superior military power combined with an aggressive international trade policy is a country’s only guarantee against a foreign enemy.
(D) Nowadays, the two countries that most rely on international trade as a substitute for military aggression are the United States and China.
(E) Although the world’s current trading system is less than perfect, it at least does seem to make armed conflict between the United States and China less attractive.
• Gabarito E
With which of the following statements would the author of the article be most likely to agree?
Com qual das seguintes afirmaçÔes o autor do artigo provavelmente concordaria?
(A) Without a robust and extensive international trading system, the world must inevitably collapse into a catastrophic war of all against all.
Sem um sistema comercial internacional robusto e extenso, o mundo deverĂĄ inevitavelmente entrar em colapso numa guerra catastrĂłfica de todos contra todos.
(B) It is no exaggeration to affirm that while the world’s current trading system is certainly imperfect, it is the best we can do for now.
NĂŁo Ă© exagero afirmar que, embora o atual sistema comercial mundial seja certamente imperfeito, Ă© o melhor que podemos fazer neste momento.
(C) Superior military power combined with an aggressive international trade policy is a country’s only guarantee against a foreign enemy.
Um poder militar superior combinado com uma polĂtica comercial internacional agressiva Ă© a Ășnica garantia de um paĂs contra um inimigo estrangeiro.
(D) Nowadays, the two countries that most rely on international trade as a substitute for military aggression are the United States and China.
Hoje em dia, os dois paĂses que mais dependem do comĂ©rcio internacional como substituto da agressĂŁo militar sĂŁo os Estados Unidos e a China.
(E) Although the world’s current trading system is less than perfect, it at least does seem to make armed conflict between the United States and China less attractive.
Embora o atual sistema comercial mundial nĂŁo seja perfeito, pelo menos parece tornar o conflito armado entre os Estados Unidos e a China menos atraente.
35 – In paragraph 2, “They” in the phrase “They worked across geopolitical and policy fault lines” most likely refers to which of the following?
(A) Proponents of strategic competition and strategic cooperation.
(B) The WTO ministers and the agreements they reached last summer.
(C) The members of the WTO.
(D) Recently implemented WTO reforms.
(E) The members of the WTO who are working to remove the flaws in the world’s multilateral trading system.
• Gabarito C
In paragraph 2, “THEY” in the phrase “They worked across geopolitical and policy fault lines” most likely refers to which of the following?
No parĂĄgrafo 2, o pronome pessoal "THEY" na frase "Eles trabalharam para alĂ©m das linhas geopolĂticas e das polĂticas" refere-se provavelmente a qual dos seguintes?
(A) Proponents of strategic competition and strategic cooperation.
Defensores da competição estratégica e da cooperação estratégica.
(B) The WTO ministers and the agreements they reached last summer.
Os ministros da OMC e os acordos que alcançaram no verão passado.
(C) The members of the WTO.
Os membros da OMC.
(D) Recently implemented WTO reforms.
Reformas recentemente implementadas na OMC.
(E) The members of the WTO who are working to remove the flaws in the world’s multilateral trading system.
Os membros da OMC que estão trabalhando para eliminar as falhas no sistema multilateral de comércio mundial.
36 – In paragraph 3, the author most likely mentions “the 1930s spiral of protectionism and depression” in order to
(A) point out what will probably occur if the WTO is not reformed.
(B) help explain why she supports certain WTO-endorsed multilateral trade policies.
(C) illustrate how armed conflict used to begin in the days before the founding of the WTO.
(D) highlight an occasion when the WTO failed to prevent economic disaster.
(E) argue that such a spiral is what takes place when governments fail to implement strong national trade policies.
• Gabarito B
In paragraph 3, the author most likely mentions “the 1930s spiral of protectionism and depression” in order to
No parĂĄgrafo 3, o autor provavelmente menciona “a espiral de protecionismo e depressĂŁo da dĂ©cada de 1930” com a finalidade de
(A) point out what will probably occur if the WTO is not reformed.
apontar o que provavelmente ocorrerĂĄ se a OMC nĂŁo for reformada.
(B) help explain why she supports certain WTO-endorsed multilateral trade policies.
ajudar a explicar porque apoia certas polĂticas comerciais multilaterais aprovadas pela OMC.
(C) illustrate how armed conflict used to begin in the days before the founding of the WTO.
ilustrar como o conflito armado costumava começar nos dias anteriores à fundação da OMC.
(D) highlight an occasion when the WTO failed to prevent economic disaster.
destacar uma ocasiĂŁo em que a OMC nĂŁo conseguiu evitar o desastre econĂŽmico.
(E) argue that such a spiral is what takes place when governments fail to implement strong national trade policies.
argumentar que tal espiral Ă© o que ocorre quando os governos nĂŁo conseguem implementar polĂticas comerciais nacionais fortes.
37 – According to the information in the article,
(A) strategic cooperation protects the world from disaster.
(B) wars do not stimulate development and prosperity.
(C) widespread protectionism inevitably leads to economic disaster.
(D) by itself, multilateral cooperation on trade can do nothing to promote world peace.
(E) even the most efficient and robust multilateral cooperation on trade cannot promote a reasonable distribution of wealth.
• Gabarito A
According to the information in the article,
De acordo com as informaçÔes do artigo,
(A) strategic cooperation protects the world from disaster.
a cooperação estratégica protege o mundo de desastres.
(B) wars do not stimulate development and prosperity.
as guerras nĂŁo estimulam o desenvolvimento e a prosperidade.
(C) widespread protectionism inevitably leads to economic disaster.
o protecionismo generalizado conduz inevitavelmente ao desastre econĂŽmico.
(D) by itself, multilateral cooperation on trade can do nothing to promote world peace.
por si só, a cooperação multilateral no comércio não pode fazer nada para promover a paz mundial.
(E) even the most efficient and robust multilateral cooperation on trade cannot promote a reasonable distribution of wealth.
mesmo a cooperação multilateral mais eficiente e robusta em matéria de comércio não consegue promover uma distribuição razoåvel da riqueza.
❑ TEXTO 3: Texto para as questĂ”es de 38 a 40.
A TELEVISION DRAMA ABOUT TAIWANESE POLITICS
UM DRAMA DE TELEVISĂO SOBRE A POLĂTICA TAIWANESA
[1Âș PARĂGRAFO]
Presidential elections in Taiwan will soon take place.
As eleiçÔes presidenciais em Taiwan realizar-se-ão em breve.
Functionaries in the two main parties frantically smear [mancham a reputação de] the rival candidate and scramble [se esforçam] to shape the image of their own candidate, hiring influencers, inventing catchy [cativantes] slogans, and filming touching [comoventes] moments with voters on the street.
Os funcionårios dos dois principais partidos denigrem freneticamente [mancham a fama de] o candidato rival e esforçam-se [esforçam-se] para moldar a imagem do seu próprio candidato, contratando influenciadores, inventando slogans cativantes e filmando momentos comoventes com os eleitores na rua.
But there is one key difference between the universe of “Wave Makers,” a hit political drama that came out on Netflix in April, and Taiwanese reality: in the series, the China question, usually at the center of the island’s politics, does not exist.
Mas hĂĄ uma diferença fundamental entre o universo de “Wave Makers”, um drama polĂtico de sucesso que estreou na Netflix em abril, e a realidade taiwanesa: na sĂ©rie, a questĂŁo da China, geralmente no centro da polĂtica da ilha, nĂŁo existe.
[2Âș PARĂGRAFO]
This concept means that the focus is on domestic issues rather than grand matters of national identity or the threat of invasion.
Este conceito significa que o foco estå em questÔes domésticas e não em grandes questÔes de identidade nacional ou na ameaça de invasão.
Drawing on deep research and interviews, the show zooms in on the sacrifices women are asked to make for supposedly important causes.
Com base em pesquisas aprofundadas e entrevistas, o programa centra-se nos sacrifĂcios que as mulheres sĂŁo solicitadas a fazer por causas supostamente importantes.
It tells a hopeful story of one brave female character standing up for [defendendo] another woman.
Conta a história esperançosa de uma corajosa personagem feminina que defende outra mulher.
[3Âș PARĂGRAFO]
The fictional election is a vehicle to examine thorny [espinhosas] questions of politics and morality.
A eleição fictĂcia Ă© um veĂculo para examinar questĂ”es espinhosas de polĂtica e moralidade.
How much should people be willing to give up for the sake of a wider goal?
Quanto Ă© que as pessoas devem estar dispostas a abdicar em prol de um objetivo maior?
Where is the line between pragmatic compromise and hypocrisy?
Onde estĂĄ a linha entre o compromisso pragmĂĄtico e a hipocrisia?
All the characters wrestle with clashes [conflitos,
embates] between their political mission and personal ideals.
Todas as personagens lutam com conflitos [debates] entre a sua missĂŁo polĂtica e os ideais pessoais.
The liberal presidential nominee is against the death penalty but fears to say so in public.
O candidato presidencial liberal Ă© contra a pena de morte, mas tem medo de o dizer em pĂșblico.
A young campaigner is castigated as unethical by his friends for missing protests because he was busy making party-propaganda videos.
Um jovem ativista Ă© criticado por ser pouco Ă©tico pelos amigos por nĂŁo ter comparecido aos protestos porque estava ocupado a fazer vĂdeos de propaganda do partido.
His wellworn [bem usada] answer is that power, not protests, brings change.
A sua resposta bem utilizada é que o poder, e não os protestos, traz mudanças.
- Adapted from The Economist, June 24, 2023.
38 – The author most likely presents all of the following as typical components of a Taiwanese presidential campaign except
(A) Party workers under pressure to ruin the reputation of the opposing candidate.
(B) Appealing to sentimentality to attract votes.
(C) Relying on the paid help of important people connected to the social media.
(D) Trying to invent political phrases that people will find appealing and easy to remember.
(E) Concentrating exclusively on domestic Taiwanese political issues.
• Gabarito E
The author most likely presents all of the following as typical components of a Taiwanese presidential campaign except
O autor apresenta provavelmente tudo o que se segue como tĂpico componentes de uma campanha presidencial taiwanesa, exceto
(A) Party workers under pressure to ruin the reputation of the opposing candidate.
Trabalhadores do partido sob pressão para arruinar a reputação do candidato adversårio.
(B) Appealing to sentimentality to attract votes.
Apelar ao sentimentalismo para atrair votos.
(C) Relying on the paid help of important people connected to the social media.
Contar com a ajuda paga de pessoas importantes ligadas Ă s redes sociais.
(D) Trying to invent political phrases that people will find appealing and easy to remember.
Tentar inventar frases polĂticas que as pessoas achem atraentes e fĂĄceis de recordar.
(E) Concentrating exclusively on domestic Taiwanese political issues.
Concentrar-se exclusivamente nas questĂ”es polĂticas internas de Taiwan.
39 – Which of the following is most likely one of the main questions that “Wave Makers” examines?
(A) Why and under what circumstances are women in Taiwanese politics expected to make certain hard decisions?
(B) Will women ever play an important role in Taiwanese politics?
(C) Have political issues such as Taiwan’s national identity and the threat of a Chinese invasion become irrelevant?
(D) In politics, why should it be necessarily worse to betray a friend than to betray a political cause?
(E) If women control Taiwanese politics one day, will anything fundamentally change?
• Gabarito A
Which of the following is most likely one of the main questions that “Wave Makers” examines?
Qual das seguintes opçÔes Ă© provavelmente uma das principais questĂ”es que a “Wave Makers” examina?
(A) Why and under what circumstances are women in Taiwanese politics expected to make certain hard decisions?
PorquĂȘ e em que circunstĂąncias se espera que as mulheres na polĂtica taiwanesa tomem certas decisĂ”es difĂceis?
(B) Will women ever play an important role in Taiwanese politics?
SerĂĄ que as mulheres algum dia desempenharĂŁo um papel importante na polĂtica taiwanesa?
(C) Have political issues such as Taiwan’s national identity and the threat of a Chinese invasion become irrelevant?
QuestĂ”es polĂticas como a identidade nacional de Taiwan e a ameaça de uma invasĂŁo chinesa tornaram-se irrelevantes?
(D) In politics, why should it be necessarily worse to betray a friend than to betray a political cause?
Em polĂtica, porque seria necessariamente pior trair um amigo do que trair uma causa polĂtica?
(E) If women control Taiwanese politics one day, will anything fundamentally change?
Se um dia as mulheres controlarem a polĂtica taiwanesa, alguma coisa mudarĂĄ fundamentalmente?
40 – In paragraph 3, the sentence
- “The liberal presidential nominee is against the death penalty, but fears to say so in public”
most likely means approximately the same as which of the following?
(A) The liberal party intends to abolish the death penalty but can only reveal that information after winning the election.
(B) In politics in Taiwan, as in many countries, gaining power is a matter of life and death.
(C) In Taiwan, a politician’s professed political ideology is only a mask for economic self-interest.
(D) The presidential nominee has decided that winning an election is more important than honestly expressing a personal belief.
(E) The presidential nominee’s approach to politics may be defined by one word – dissimulation.
• Gabarito D
In paragraph 3, the sentence
No parĂĄgrafo 3, a frase
- "The liberal presidential nominee is against the death penalty, but fears to say so in public”
- “O candidato presidencial liberal Ă© contra a pena de morte, mas tem medo de o dizer em pĂșblico”
most likely means approximately the same as which of the following?
provavelmente significa aproximadamente o mesmo que qual das seguintes opçÔes?
(A) The liberal party intends to abolish the death penalty but can only reveal that information after winning the election.
O partido liberal pretende abolir a pena de morte, mas só poderå revelar esta informação após vencer a eleição.
(B) In politics in Taiwan, as in many countries, gaining power is a matter of life and death.
Na polĂtica em Taiwan, como em muitos paĂses, a conquista de poder Ă© uma questĂŁo de vida ou de morte.
(C) In Taiwan, a politician’s professed political ideology is only a mask for economic self-interest.
Em Taiwan, a ideologia polĂtica professada por um polĂtico Ă© apenas uma mĂĄscara para o interesse econĂŽmico prĂłprio.
(D) The presidential nominee has decided that winning an election is more important than honestly expressing a personal belief.
O candidato presidencial decidiu que ganhar uma eleição é mais importante do que expressar honestamente uma crença pessoal.
(E) The presidential nominee’s approach to politics may be defined by one word – dissimulation.
A abordagem do candidato presidencial Ă polĂtica pode ser definida por uma palavra: dissimulação.
❑ TEXTO 4: Texto para as questĂ”es de 41 a 43
MONKEYS THAT PLAY TOGETHER STAY TOGETHER
MACACOS QUE BRINCAM JUNTOS PERMANECEM JUNTOS
By Brittany Steff
[1Âș PARĂGRAFO]
Play is a serious business [Brincar é negócio sério] through which young animals learn life skills.
Brincar Ă© uma atividade sĂ©ria atravĂ©s da qual os animais jovens aprendem competĂȘncias para a vida.
And it turns out that [acontece que] adult howler
monkeys also rely on play to ease social tensions and avoid conflicts.
E acontece que os macacos bugios adultos também contam com brincadeiras para aliviar as tensÔes sociais e evitar conflitos.
[2Âș PARĂGRAFO]
A team of scientists led by behavioral ecologist Norberto Asensio studied two species of wild howler monkeys: the Mexican howler monkey in Mexico and the golden-mantled howler monkey in Costa Rica. They tracked how much time monkeys spent playing and with whom.
Uma equipa de cientistas liderada pelo ecologista comportamental Norberto Asensio estudou duas espécies de bugios selvagens: o bugio mexicano, no México, e o bugio-de-manto-dourado, na Costa Rica. Monitorizaram quanto tempo os macacos passavam a brincar e com quem.
[3Âș PARĂGRAFO]
Unlike many other monkey species, adult howler monkeys don’t spend time grooming [a prĂĄtica pela qual um primata cuida do asseio de outro primata, catando piolhos, por exemplo] each other to solidify social bonds [ligaçÔes], and they don’t have established social and hierarchical roles. They need another way to build and maintain social networks.
Ao contrĂĄrio de muitas outras espĂ©cies de macacos, os bugios adultos nĂŁo passam tempo a cuidar uns dos outros [prĂĄtica pela qual um primata cuida do asseio de outro primata, apanhando piolhos, por exemplo] para solidificar laços sociais [ligaçÔes], e nĂŁo tĂȘm papĂ©is sociais e hierĂĄrquicos estabelecidos. Precisam de outra forma de construir e manter redes sociais.
[4Âș PARĂGRAFO]
The scientists found that there is a correlation between the time adults spend playing, the availability of sought-after [cobiçada] fruit, and the size of groups.
Os cientistas descobriram que existe uma correlação entre o tempo que os adultos passam a brincar, a disponibilidade da cobiçada fruta e o tamanho dos grupos.
Howler monkey diets consist primarily of leaves, yet they lack a specialized stomach to process them.
A dieta dos macacos bugios consiste principalmente em folhas, mas nĂŁo tĂȘm um estĂŽmago especializado para as processar.
They spend long periods resting to digest and extract energy from the tough cellulose of leaves. Fruit is an energy boost [estĂmulo], but it is a potential source of conflict and competition within the group.
Passam longos perĂodos a descansar para digerir e extrair energia da celulose resistente das folhas. A fruta Ă© um estĂmulo energĂ©tico, mas Ă© uma potencial fonte de conflito e competição dentro do grupo.
[5Âș PARĂGRAFO]
“Maybe through play they keep the group together,” said Asensio. “Play, like grooming, is a way of getting close to another individual in a friendly way. No other behavior, at least in howler monkeys, allows them to do that. They need play because they don’t have another behavior to regulate social relationships.”
“Talvez atravĂ©s da brincadeira mantenham o grupo unido”, disse Asensio. Brincar, assim como limpar-se, Ă© uma forma de se aproximar de outro indivĂduo de forma amigĂĄvel. Nenhum outro comportamento, pelo menos nos macacos bugios, lhes permite fazĂȘ-lo. Precisam de brincar porque nĂŁo tĂȘm outro comportamento para regular as relaçÔes sociais.
- Adapted from Natural History, June 2020.
41 – According to the information in the article, when they began their research, Norberto Asensio and his team of scientists most likely
(A) hoped to discover how young howler monkeys learn grooming skills.
(B) discovered that unlike the adults of other primate species, adult howler monkeys don’t play with their young.
(C) discovered that the social structure of howler monkeys is more rudimentary than that of other primate species.
(D) believed that there was something unusual about the social structure of howler monkeys.
(E) could not imagine a primate social structure in which adult-adult grooming did not play a major role.
• Gabarito D
According to the information in the article, when they began their research, Norberto Asensio and his team of scientists most likely
Segundo as informaçÔes do artigo, quando iniciaram as suas pesquisas, Norberto Asensio e a sua equipa de cientistas provavelmente
(A) hoped to discover how young howler monkeys learn grooming skills.
esperava descobrir como Ă© que os jovens macacos bugios aprendem competĂȘncias de higiene.
(B) discovered that unlike the adults of other primate species, adult howler monkeys don’t play with their young.
descobriu que, ao contrårio dos adultos de outras espécies de primatas, os macacos bugios adultos não brincam com as suas crias.
(C) discovered that the social structure of howler monkeys is more rudimentary than that of other primate species.
descobriu que a estrutura social dos macacos bugios é mais rudimentar do que a das outras espécies de primatas.
(D) believed that there was something unusual about the social structure of howler monkeys.
acreditava que havia algo de invulgar na estrutura social dos macacos bugios.
(E) could not imagine a primate social structure in which adult-adult grooming did not play a major role.
nĂŁo conseguia imaginar uma estrutura social dos primatas em que a higiene entre adultos nĂŁo desempenhasse um papel importante.
42 – Which of the following is most likely not supported by the information in the article?
(A) The long and tiring digestive process of howler monkeys and the constant competition for fruit make adult-adult grooming impossible.
(B) If fruit were not a part of the diet of howler monkeys, their social groups might be more peaceful.
(C) For howler monkeys, digesting a meal is normally a long and tiring process.
(D) An available source of fruit might help determine which howler monkeys are the most skilled at getting what they want.
(E) Though fruit is a sought-after item, it cannot in general be considered a crucial part of the howler-monkey diet.
• Gabarito A
Which of the following is most likely not supported by the information in the article?
Qual das seguintes opçÔes não é provavelmente apoiada pelas informaçÔes do artigo?
(A) The long and tiring digestive process of howler monkeys and the constant competition for fruit make adult-adult grooming impossible.
O longo e cansativo processo digestivo dos macacos bugios e a constante competição pelos frutos tornam impossĂvel a limpeza entre adultos.
(B) If fruit were not a part of the diet of howler monkeys, their social groups might be more peaceful.
Se os frutos nĂŁo fizessem parte da dieta dos macacos bugios, os seus grupos sociais poderiam ser mais pacĂficos.
(C) For howler monkeys, digesting a meal is normally a long and tiring process.
Para os macacos bugios, digerir uma refeição é normalmente um processo longo e cansativo.
(D) An available source of fruit might help determine which howler monkeys are the most skilled at getting what they want.
Uma fonte disponĂvel de fruta pode ajudar a determinar quais os macacos bugios que sĂŁo mais hĂĄbeis a conseguir o que pretendem.
(E) Though fruit is a sought-after item, it cannot in general be considered a crucial part of the howler-monkey diet.
Embora o fruto seja um artigo muito procurado, nĂŁo pode, em geral, ser considerado uma parte crucial da dieta do macaco bugio.
43 – In the last paragraph, the sentence “No other behavior, at least in howler monkeys, allows them to do that” most likely indicates that
(A) without play, howler-monkey adults would be forced to start grooming each other.
(B) without play, the howler monkeys’ group social structure would quickly descend into chaos and violence.
(C) without play as an integral part of the howler-monkey social
structure, group cohesion could tend to disintegrate.
(D) without group cohesion, howler-monkey survival will be seriously threatened.
(E) grooming and play are by far the elements that most contribute to vigorous primate group activity.
• Gabarito C
In the last paragraph, the sentence “No other behavior, at least in howler monkeys, allows them to do that” most likely indicates that
No Ășltimo parĂĄgrafo, a frase “Nenhum outro comportamento, pelo menos nos macacos bugios, lhes permite fazer isto” indica provavelmente que
(A) without play, howler-monkey adults would be forced to start grooming each other.
sem brincadeiras, os macacos bugios adultos seriam obrigados a começar a limpar-se.
(B) without play, the howler monkeys’ group social structure would quickly descend into chaos and violence.
sem brincadeira, a estrutura social do grupo dos macacos bugios rapidamente se transformaria em caos e violĂȘncia.
(C) without play as an integral part of the howler-monkey social structure, group cohesion could tend to disintegrate.
sem a brincadeira como parte integrante da estrutura social do bugio, a coesĂŁo do grupo pode tender a desintegrar-se.
(D) without group cohesion, howler-monkey survival will be seriously threatened.
sem coesĂŁo do grupo, a sobrevivĂȘncia do macaco-bugio estarĂĄ seriamente ameaçada.
(E) grooming and play are by far the elements that most contribute to vigorous primate group activity.
a higiene e a brincadeira sĂŁo, de longe, os elementos que mais contribuem para uma atividade vigorosa em grupo de primatas.
❑ TEXTO 5: Texto para as questĂ”es 44 e 45.
THE GREAT POWER OF NONVIOLENCE
O GRANDE PODER DA NĂO VIOLĂNCIA
[1Âș PARĂGRAFO]
It’s a philosophy that could be said to date back to Christ’s admonition to his followers to “turn the other cheek” [“dar a outra face”].
Ă uma filosofia que poderĂamos dizer que remonta Ă admoestação de Cristo aos seus seguidores para “oferecerem a outra face” [“dar a outra face”].
But the philosophy of nonviolence saw its most dramatic application in two powerful episodes of 20th-century history. Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948), leader of India’s movement to gain independence from Great Britain, once said, “There are many causes I am prepared to die for, but none I am prepared to kill for.”
Mas a filosofia da nĂŁo-violĂȘncia viu a sua aplicação mais dramĂĄtica em dois episĂłdios poderosos da histĂłria do sĂ©culo XX. Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948), lĂder do movimento da Ăndia para conquistar a independĂȘncia da GrĂŁ-Bretanha, disse um dia: "HĂĄ muitas causas pelas quais estou preparado para morrer, mas nĂŁo estou preparado para matar por nenhuma".
He first applied that philosophy to the independence struggle in the Non-Cooperation Movement, a campaign from 1920 to 1922 that rested on tactics like a consumer boycott of British-made goods and a call for Indians to withdraw from British institutions in India, including schools, courts, the civil service, and police forces.
Aplicou esta filosofia pela primeira vez Ă luta pela independĂȘncia no Movimento de NĂŁo Cooperação, uma campanha de 1920 a 1922 que se baseou em tĂĄcticas como o boicote dos consumidores aos produtos fabricados na GrĂŁ-Bretanha e um apelo para que os indianos se retirassem das instituiçÔes britĂąnicas na Ăndia, incluindo escolas, tribunais, serviço pĂșblico e forças policiais.
Gandhi called off the campaign after violent clashes [embates] between police and protesters led to deaths on both sides, making him fear that the movement was losing sight of its nonviolent principles.
Gandhi cancelou a campanha depois de confrontos violentos [confrontos] entre a polĂcia e os manifestantes terem provocado mortes de ambos os lados, fazendo-o temer que o movimento estivesse a perder de vista os seus princĂpios nĂŁo violentos.
But he would later pursue other nonviolent campaigns that would result in Britain granting independence to India in 1947.
Mas mais tarde empreenderia outras campanhas nĂŁo violentas que resultariam na concessĂŁo da independĂȘncia da Ăndia pela GrĂŁ-Bretanha em 1947.
[2Âș PARĂGRAFO]
In the decade that followed, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-68) applied Gandhi’s methods to the struggle to win civil rights for African Americans.
Na década seguinte, o Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68) aplicou os métodos de Gandhi à luta pela conquista dos direitos civis dos afro-americanos.
In the face of constant provocations, including beatings, shootings, and the bombing of a Birmingham, Alabama church, King led a nonviolent campaign of boycotts and civil disobedience that bore fruit [deu frutos] in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Perante as constantes provocaçÔes, incluindo espancamentos, tiroteios e o bombardeamento de uma igreja em Birmingham, no Alabama, King liderou uma campanha nĂŁo violenta de boicotes e desobediĂȘncia civil que deu frutos na Lei dos Direitos Civis de 1964 e na Lei dos Direitos de Voto de 1965.
Like Gandhi, King would be assassinated.
Tal como Gandhi, King seria assassinado.
But the example of both men lives on as an inspiration to the world.
Mas o exemplo de ambos os homens continua vivo como uma inspiração para o mundo.
- Adapted from 100 Great Ideas That Changed The World.
44 – According to the information in the article, in the period from 1920 to 1922,
(A) Gandhi formulated an Indian independence campaign based on a limited use of nonviolence.
(B) Gandhi led a campaign that he hoped would severely limit the interaction of Indians with British institutions and commerce.
(C) The Indian independence movement showed its vitality and strength by killing several British officials.
(D) Several of Gandhi’s violence-advocating Indian rivals nearly took control of the Indian independence movement.
(E) Gandhi formulated a political action movement taken directly from the teachings of Jesus Christ.
• Gabarito B
According to the information in the article, in the period from 1920 to 1922,
De acordo com a informação do artigo, no perĂodo de 1920 a 1922,
(A) Gandhi formulated an Indian independence campaign based on a limited use of nonviolence.
Gandhi formulou uma campanha de independĂȘncia da Ăndia baseada no uso limitado da nĂŁo-violĂȘncia.
(B) Gandhi led a campaign that he hoped would severely limit the interaction of Indians with British institutions and commerce.
Gandhi liderou uma campanha que esperava que limitasse severamente a interação dos indianos com as instituiçÔes e o comércio britùnicos.
(C) The Indian independence movement showed its vitality and strength by killing several British officials.
O movimento independentista da Ăndia mostrou a sua vitalidade e força matando vĂĄrios oficiais britĂąnicos.
(D) Several of Gandhi’s violence-advocating Indian rivals nearly took control of the Indian independence movement.
VĂĄrios dos rivais indianos defensores da violĂȘncia de Gandhi quase assumiram o controlo do movimento independentista da Ăndia.
(E) Gandhi formulated a political action movement taken directly from the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Gandhi formulou um movimento de ação polĂtica retirado diretamente dos ensinamentos de Jesus Cristo.
45 – According to the information in the article, in the 1950s,
(A) Martin Luther King supplanted Gandhi as the leader of the
worldwide nonviolent movement.
(B) Martin Luther King acknowledged Gandhi as the spiritual father of his belief in nonviolence.
(C) the followers of Martin Luther King tried unsuccessfully to win civil rights for African Americans by resorting, at first, to constant provocations.
(D) Martin Luther King escaped death many times before finally being assassinated in the next decade.
(E) though a relatively young man, Martin Luther King had less than 20 years left to live.
• Gabarito E
According to the information in the article, in the 1950s,
De acordo com a informação do artigo, na década de 1950,
(A) Martin Luther King supplanted Gandhi as the leader of the worldwide nonviolent movement.
Martin Luther King suplantou Gandhi como lĂder do movimento mundial nĂŁo violento.
(B) Martin Luther King acknowledged Gandhi as the spiritual father of his belief in nonviolence.
Martin Luther King reconheceu Gandhi como o pai espiritual da sua crença na nĂŁo-violĂȘncia.
(C) the followers of Martin Luther King tried unsuccessfully to win civil rights for African Americans by resorting, at first, to constant provocations.
os seguidores de Martin Luther King tentaram, sem sucesso, conquistar os direitos civis dos afro-americanos recorrendo, num primeiro momento, a provocaçÔes constantes.
(D) Martin Luther King escaped death many times before finally being assassinated in the next decade.
Martin Luther King escapou à morte muitas vezes antes de ser finalmente assassinado na década seguinte.
(E) though a relatively young man, Martin Luther King had less than 20 years left to live.
embora fosse um homem relativamente jovem, Martin Luther King tinha menos de 20 anos de vida.
ComentĂĄrios
Postar um comentĂĄrio