- Texto (1) – | 18A3-I | Hydroelectricity | Rosen Publishing Group |
- 5 Multiple Choice Questions | Five-Option Question |
The roar of a waterfall suggests the power of water.
O barulho[rugido, estrondo, ruído] de uma cachoeira sugere o poder da água.
As águas de enchentes furiosas podem arrancar árvores fortes e torcer trilhos de trem.
When the power of water is harnessed, however, it can do useful work for humans.
Quando o poder da água é aproveitado, no entanto, ele pode fazer um trabalho útil para os humanos.
Since ancient times, people have put the energy in the flow of water to work.
Desde os tempos antigos, as pessoas colocam a energia do fluxo de água para trabalhar.
They first made water work for them with the waterwheel, a wheel with paddles around its rim.
Primeiro, elas fizeram a água trabalhar para elas com a roda d'água, uma roda com pás ao redor de sua borda.
Flowing water rotated the waterwheel, which in turn ran machinery that was linked to it.
A água corrente girava a roda d'água, que por sua vez acionava máquinas a ela ligadas.
Today, new kinds of waterwheels – turbines – spin generators that produce electricity.
Atualmente, novos tipos de rodas d'água – turbinas – giram geradores que produzem eletricidade.
Electricity from waterturned generators is known as hydroelectricity.
A eletricidade de geradores movidos a água é conhecida como hidroeletricidade.
By building a dam across a river, the natural upstream water level is elevated and a difference in head is created that can be used to drive turbines and generate electricity.
Ao construir uma represa[barragem] em um rio, o nível natural da água a montante[rio acima] é elevado e uma diferença na altura é criada, que pode ser usada para acionar turbinas e gerar eletricidade.
A large upstream reservoir may balance seasonal water flow; rain or melted snow can be stored in the reservoir during the wet season to provide electricity during dry seasons.
Um grande reservatório a montante pode equilibrar o fluxo sazonal de água; chuva ou neve derretida podem ser armazenadas no reservatório durante a estação chuvosa para fornecer eletricidade durante as estações secas.
A energia hídrica é distribuída de forma desigual entre os continentes e nações do mundo.
Europe and North America have developed much of their waterpower.
A Europa e a América do Norte desenvolveram grande parte de sua energia hídrica.
Asia, South America, and Africa have abundant waterpower potential, but while countries such as China and Brazil have become leading hydroelectric producers, much of the waterpower resource on those continents remains undeveloped.
Ásia, América do Sul e África têm potencial abundante de energia hidrelétrica, mas enquanto países como China e Brasil se tornaram grandes produtores hidrelétricos, grande parte dos recursos hídricos nesses continentes continua subdesenvolvida.
- Elizabeth Lachner. Hydroelectricity. Rosen Publishing Group, 2018 (adapted).
41 – The expression “The roar of a waterfall” (first sentence of text 18A3-I), is more closely related to the sense of
(A) taste.
(B hearing.
(C) smell.
(D) sight.
(E) touch.
• Gabarito B
The expression “The roar of a waterfall” (first sentence of text 18A3-I), is more closely related to the sense of
A expressão “O rugido de uma cachoeira” (primeira frase do texto 18A3-I), está mais intimamente relacionada ao sentido de
(A) taste.
paladar.
(B) hearing.
audição.
(C) smell.
olfato.
(D) sight.
visão.
(E) touch.
tato.
42 – In the third sentence of the second paragraph of text 18A3-I, the pronouns “which” and “it” are both replacing
(A) “rim” (second sentence of the second paragraph).
(B) “the waterwheel” (third sentence of the second paragraph).
(C) “machinery” (third sentence of the second paragraph).
(D) “flowing water” (third sentence of the second paragraph).
(E) “paddles” (second sentence of the second paragraph).
• Gabarito B
In the third sentence of the second paragraph of text 18A3-I, the pronouns “which” and “it” are both replacing
Na terceira frase do segundo parágrafo do texto 18A3-I, os pronomes “which” e “it” estão ambos substituindo
(A) “rim” (second sentence of the second paragraph).
(B) “the waterwheel” (third sentence of the second paragraph).
(C) “machinery” (third sentence of the second paragraph).
(D) “flowing water” (third sentence of the second paragraph).
(E) “paddles” (second sentence of the second paragraph).
43 – Based on the fragment “much of the waterpower resource on those continents remains undeveloped” (last sentence of text 18A3), it can be concluded that
(A) Europe and North America have more waterpower resources than South America and Asia.
(B) Asia, South America, and Africa have already developed their waterpower potential.
(C) China and Brazil still have not developed their waterpower potential.
(D) Europe and North America have a larger number of hydroelectric stations than Asia, South America, and Africa.
(E) Asia, South America, and Africa have a lot of waterpower potential yet to exploit.
• Gabarito E
Based on the fragment “much of the waterpower resource on those continents remains undeveloped” (last sentence of text 18A3), it can be concluded that
Com base no fragmento “muitos dos recursos hídricos nesses continentes permanecem subdesenvolvidos” (última frase do texto 18A3), pode-se concluir que
(A) Europe and North America have more waterpower resources than South America and Asia.
Europa e América do Norte têm mais recursos hídricos do que América do Sul e Ásia.
(B) Asia, South America, and Africa have already developed their waterpower potential.
Ásia, América do Sul e África já desenvolveram seu potencial hídrico.
(C) China and Brazil still have not developed their waterpower potential.
China e Brasil ainda não desenvolveram seu potencial hídrico.
(D) Europe and North America have a larger number of hydroelectric stations than Asia, South America, and Africa.
Europa e América do Norte têm um número maior de estações hidrelétricas do que Ásia, América do Sul e África.
(E) Asia, South America, and Africa have a lot of waterpower potential yet to exploit.
Ásia, América do Sul e África têm muito potencial hídrico ainda a ser explorado.
44 – In the first paragraph of text 18A3-I, the expression which best suggests an image of the power of man over rivers is
(A) “uproot strong trees”.
(B) “the power of water is harnessed”.
(C) “twist railroad tracks”.
(D) “the power of water”.
(E) “The roar of a waterfall”.
• Gabarito B
In the first paragraph of text 18A3-I, the expression which best suggests an image of the power of man over rivers is
No primeiro parágrafo do texto 18A3-I, a expressão que melhor sugere uma imagem do poder do homem sobre os rios é
(A) “uproot strong trees”.
(PODER HIDRÁULICO)
“arrancar árvores fortes”.
(B) “the power of water is harnessed”.
(PODER HUMANO)
“o poder da água é aproveitado”.
(C) “twist railroad tracks”.
(PODER HIDRÁULICO)
“torcer trilhos de trem”.
(D) “the power of water”.
(PODER HIDRÁULICO)
“o poder da água”.
(E) “The roar of a waterfall”.
(PODER HIDRÁULICO)
“O rugido de uma cachoeira”.
45 – Maintaining the original meaning of text 18A3-I, the fragment “Today, new kinds of waterwheels—turbines—spin generators that produce electricity” (fourth sentence of the second paragraph) could be correctly replaced with
(A) Actually, the turbines, which are new kinds of waterwheels and spins, generate and produce electricity.
(B) Today, electricity is produced by spin generators, a new kind of waterwheels also known as turbines.
(C) To produce electricity today it is necessary to use a new sort of waterwheel, a turbine, which spins generators.
(D) Nowadays, a new type of waterwheels, known as turbines, spins generators that then produce electricity.
(E) New kinds of waterwheels, which are named turbines and spin generators, have the power to produce electricity today.
• Gabarito D
Maintaining the original meaning of text 18A3-I, the fragment
Mantendo o sentido original do texto 18A3-I, o fragmento
- “Today, new kinds of waterwheels—turbines—spin generators that produce electricity”
- “Hoje, novos tipos de rodas d’água — turbinas — giram geradores que produzem eletricidade”
could be correctly replaced with
poderia ser corretamente substituído por
(A) Actually, the turbines, which are new kinds of waterwheels and spins, generate and produce electricity.
Na verdade, as turbinas, que são novos tipos de rodas d'água e giros, geram e produzem eletricidade.
(B) Today, electricity is produced by spin generators, a new kind of waterwheels also known as turbines.
Hoje, a eletricidade é produzida por geradores de giro, um novo tipo de rodas d'água também conhecido como turbinas.
(C) To produce electricity today it is necessary to use a new sort of waterwheel, a turbine, which spins generators.
Para produzir eletricidade hoje, é necessário usar um novo tipo de roda d'água, uma turbina, que gira geradores.
(D) Nowadays, a new type of waterwheels, known as turbines, spins generators that then produce electricity.
Hoje em dia, um novo tipo de rodas d'água, conhecido como turbinas, gira geradores que então produzem eletricidade.
(E) New kinds of waterwheels, which are named turbines and spin generators, have the power to produce electricity today.
Novos tipos de rodas d'água, que são chamados de turbinas e geradores de giro, têm o poder de produzir eletricidade hoje.