2️⃣ TEXTO – |"(sem título)"| www.nationalgeographic.com |
📌ESTILO – 2 questões discursivas.
❑ TEXTO 1: RESPONDA À QUESTÃO EM INGLÊS. RESPOSTAS EM PORTUGUÊS NÃO SERÃO ACEITAS.
We’re living much longer than our ancestors, but is that always a good thing?
More of us are also spending a
greater portion of our lives—sometimes over a decade—saddled with physical and mental health conditions that
can make it challenging to accomplish the tasks of daily life.
To make sure we’re getting the most out of our entire
lifespan, biologists and longevity researchers are focusing more and more on ways to boost our number of diseasefree and active years.
This idea is formally known as health span.
Although it first appeared in medical journals more
than 30 years ago, the concept has become increasingly mainstream among clinicians and patients alike, and its
definition has broadened to stress adding more quality time to our later years, when certain health conditions could
severely impede routine activities.
Treated hypertension, for example, wouldn’t significantly affect your health span,
but a stroke or dementia would, says Harvard Medical School physician-scientist Sharon Inouye, who studies aging
issues.
The targets of researchers like Inouye are numerous: understanding the underlying mechanisms of aging,
working to identify health-promoting genes, and zeroing in on steps to take in our daily lives to improve health span.
But the overall data show a fairly simple conclusion: It is absolutely possible to live healthier even as we live longer.
Just look at the centenarians that researcher Nir Barzilai works with at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in
the Bronx, New York. In academic parlance, his healthy study participants have what’s called compression of
morbidity—they’re sick for a very small portion of their lives.
“They don’t just live longer; they live much healthier,”
says Barzilai.
“They got diseases 50 years after their friends and 30 years after their children’s friends.” Some
centenarians thrive through sheer good luck: They were likely born with envy-worthy genetics.
But pinpointing which
of those genes are linked to age-related disorders could lead to drugs that mimic their effects for people who weren’t
as lucky in the genetic lottery.
Barzilai’s research has concentrated on the genes that modulate our “good”
cholesterol to help us stay healthier in a variety of ways.
His study participants are much more likely to have a
specific variant of the cholesterol-controlling CETP gene.
Those patients tend to live longer with better brain
function, he says.
Emulating that gene’s effects is now a target of ongoing research.
With such drugs in our arsenal
in the future, Barzilai says, humans can and will improve their health span—particularly if they follow current
recommendations for modifying diet, exercise, and social interactions.
🔗Disponível em: https://www.nationalgeographic.com. Acesso em: 26 jan. 2025.
01 – Based on the text, answer the following questions:
🄰 How can health span be defined?
🄱 Why have centenarians in Barzilai’s research lived longer? Use at least two reasons in your answer.
📝 Let’s answer it clearly in English, directly based on the text.
🄰 How can health span be defined?
Health span refers to the number of disease-free and active years a person can live. It emphasizes quality of life, focusing on staying healthy and functional in later years rather than simply extending lifespan.
🄱 Why have centenarians in Barzilai’s research lived longer? Use at least two reasons in your answer.
Centenarians in Barzilai’s research have lived longer for at least two reasons:
🔹Some of them were born with favorable genetics, such as specific variants of the CETP gene that improve cholesterol regulation and brain function.
🔹They experienced compression of morbidity, meaning they developed diseases much later in life—often decades after their peers—so they spent only a small portion of their lives sick.
❑ TEXTO 2: RESPONDA À QUESTÃO EM PORTUGUÊS. RESPOSTAS EM INGLÊS NÃO SERÃO ACEITAS.
Parenting in the digital age can feel like navigating a maze of opinions and advice.
Strict device limits or outright
bans often dominate conversations about screen time, leaving families overwhelmed by conflicting guidelines on
what’s appropriate for children of different ages.
But here’s the thing: the issue isn’t as simple as setting a timer and
walking away.
Studies reveal that the quality of what kids watch, play, and interact with often matters more than the
quantity of their screen time.
So, could a more nuanced approach to screen time—focusing on quality over quantity
and mentoring over monitoring— better serve families?
Here’s what the experts say.
The traditional focus on
duration often misleads families into thinking screen time management is about limiting minutes.
“By zeroing in on
duration, families are led to believe that managing screen use is a simple numbers game,” says Katie Davis, author
of Technology’s Child: Digital Media’s Role in the Ages and Stages of Growing Up and co-director of the UW Digital
Youth Lab.
Instead, she encourages parents to “consider what children are doing on their screens, who they are
interacting with, and how the experience makes them feel.” Keena McAvoy, a digital wellness educator and cofounder of DMV Unplugged, adds, “Boundaries can be missing with simplistic screen time guidelines.
For example,
a 5-year-old watching a 45-minute long-form story on their iPad in the living room while their parent cooks dinner
nearby is a much-preferred experience for a growing brain than a 5-year-old accessing YouTube shorts alone in
their bedroom for 45 minutes. ”Parents and caregivers can make screen time a tool for growth and connection by
thoughtfully integrating it into family life.
Rather than imposing rigid rules, Davis suggests families “weave screens
into the fabric of daily routines in ways that enhance, rather than detract from, shared experiences and individual
growth.”
Creating a balanced digital life starts with curating quality content and setting realistic expectations.
McAvoy recommends that parents “delay their children’s access to algorithmically controlled technology products
(social media, YouTube shorts, TikTok) for as long as possible” to help their developing brains.
Instead, look for
apps, games, and shows that encourage creativity, critical thinking, and active engagement over passive
consumption. Several experts say Common Sense Media is a great resource for seeing how different digital media
options measure up.
Beyond curating content, parents should also look at creating a balanced lifestyle for their families. Screen time
should complement, rather than replace, childhood activities like outdoor time, physical activity, in-person social
interaction, hobbies, and sports as much as is practical.
Parents may consider creating certain times of day or
situations where screen time is off-limits to find a balance that works for their family.
Or create public digital spaces
around the home. Whatever you decide, the rules and expectations should be clear and explicit, says Vidiksis.
🔗Disponível em: https://www.nationalgeographic.com. Acesso em: 2 fev. 2025.
02 – Based on the text, answer the following questions:
According to the text,
🄰 “Managing screen use is a simple numbers game”. Is this statement right or wrong? Justify your answer.
Essa afirmação está errada.
O texto explica que focar apenas na duração do tempo de tela leva as famílias a acreditarem que basta limitar minutos para resolver o problema. No entanto, segundo Katie Davis, o mais importante é considerar o que as crianças estão fazendo nas telas, com quem estão interagindo e como a experiência as faz se sentir, ou seja, a qualidade do uso importa mais do que a quantidade.
🄱 What can parents do to control screen time? Indicate two possibilities.
De acordo com o texto, os pais podem:
🔹Integrar o uso das telas à rotina familiar de forma positiva, escolhendo conteúdos que favoreçam a criatividade, o pensamento crítico e o engajamento ativo, em vez do consumo passivo.
🔹Estabelecer limites claros e práticos, como criar horários ou situações em que o uso de telas não é permitido, ou ainda delimitar espaços digitais públicos na casa para que as crianças não usem dispositivos de forma isolada.
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário