O IME tem uma assinatura própria — ele não quer só gramática; ele quer coerência lógica, temporal e científica.
Aqui está o DNA das provas:
✔ 1) AMA backshift cirúrgico
Mas apenas quando o contexto justifica.
Se for universal truth → sem mudança.
Se for ação passada anterior → muda tudo.
✔ 2) AMA estruturas longas com várias camadas
O IME adora sentenças com:
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duas orações subordinadas
-
tempos contínuos
-
past perfect
-
advérbios de tempo
-
reported speech
E ele quer ver se você sincroniza tudo sem quebrar a lógica.
✔ 3) AMA coerência ontológica
Quando a frase envolve fatos científicos, leis matemáticas ou proposições lógicas,
NUNCA muda o tempo verbal.
✔ 4) AMA manipular advérbios de tempo
Eles amam alternativas que mudam:
-
the week before
-
the previous day
-
the following month
-
the next morning
Se UM deles estiver errado → você cai.
✔ 5) AMA armadilhas de inversão em perguntas
ITA e IME dividem isso, mas o IME é ainda mais cruel.
Eles querem ver se você tira a inversão SEM PIEDADE.
✔ 6) AMA precisão de modais
Especialmente:
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must → had to
-
could / might / would (sem backshift)
-
should (mantido)
E uma alternativa muda UM desses → você erra.
Pegadinhas de REPORTED SPEECH (Clássicas do IME)
1) Backshift obrigatório em fatos não permanentes
Exemplo: “I am working on the project,” he said.
→ He said he was working on the project.
Pegadinha IME: He said he is working…
2) Universal truths NÃO levam backshift
Exemplo: “Water expands when it freezes,” he said.
→ He said that water expands when it freezes.
Pegadinha: expanded / froze (IME derruba muitos aqui).
3) Verbos no present perfect → past perfect
Exemplo: “I have seen this movie,” she said.
→ She said she had seen that movie.
Pegadinha: has seen mantido.
4) Past perfect permanece igual
Exemplo: “I had forgotten the keys,” he said.
→ He said he had forgotten the keys.
Pegadinha: had had forgotten (absurdo clássico de alternativa do IME).
5) Palavras de tempo: yesterday → the day before
Exemplo: “I met him yesterday,” she said.
→ She said she had met him the day before.
Pegadinha: manter yesterday.
6) Perguntas WH sem inversão
Exemplo: “Where are you going?” he asked.
→ He asked where I was going.
Pegadinha: He asked where was I going.
7) Yes/No questions → if/whether
Exemplo: “Do you agree?” she asked.
→ She asked if I agreed.
Pegadinha: She asked if I agree.
8) Condicionais no discurso indireto
Exemplo: “If it rains, we’ll cancel,” he said.
→ He said that if it rained, they would cancel.
Pegadinha: manter will.
9) Modais que NÃO mudam (would/could/might/should)
Exemplo: “I would stay,” he said.
→ He said he would stay.
Pegadinha: would → will.
10) Must → had to (obrigação)
Exemplo: “I must leave,” he said.
→ He said he had to leave.
Pegadinha: must leave repetido.
11) Imperativos → to + verb
Exemplo: “Close the door,” she told him.
→ She told him to close the door.
Pegadinha: She told him that he closes the door.
12) Negative imperative → not to
Exemplo: “Don’t move,” he warned.
→ He warned them not to move.
Pegadinha: to not move.
13) Mistura de tempos no reported
Exemplo: “I was reading when he arrived,” she said.
→ She said she had been reading when he arrived.
Pegadinha: had been… when he had arrived.
14) This/these → that/those
Exemplo: “These results are wrong,” he said.
→ He said those results were wrong.
Pegadinha: manter these.
15) Now → then / today → that day / tomorrow → the next day
Exemplo: “I’ll start tomorrow,” he said.
→ He said he would start the next day.
Pegadinha: tomorrow mantido.
16) Let’s → suggested + gerund
Exemplo: “Let’s begin now,” he said.
→ He suggested beginning then.
Pegadinha: He suggested to begin.
17) Question tags ignoradas no reported
Exemplo: “You finished, didn’t you?” he asked.
→ He asked if I had finished.
Pegadinha: manter didn’t you.
18) Reported speech com verbos de percepção
Exemplo: “I saw him leave,” she said.
→ She said she had seen him leave.
Pegadinha: saw him leaving sem motivo.
19) Verbos de sugestão sem “that you should”
Exemplo: “You should rest,” he said.
→ He said I should rest.
Pegadinha: He said that I rested.
20) Mistura de modais + tempos perfeitos
Exemplo: “I could have helped you,” she said.
→ She said she could have helped me.
Pegadinha: transformar em could had helped.
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