MACKENZIE/2019 – VESTIBULAR – 1º SEMESTRE - GRUPOS (I - IV - V - VI) – UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE/SP – PROVA COM GABARITO.

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• MACKENZIE-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-Grupos (I - IV - V - VI)-APLICAÇÃO 05/12/2018.

mackenzie.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 7 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Texto (1) – | What Is Lost When a Museum Vanishes? In Brazil, a Nation's Story | The New York Times |

• Texto (2) – | What is Philosophy for? | http://thephilosophersmail.com |

• Texto (3) – | Calvin and Hobbes | fanpop.com |

❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text below and answer questions 12, 13 and 14:

What Is Lost When a Museum Vanishes?

In Brazil, a Nation's Story

By Michael Kimmelman

 
Ash is still blowing through the park surrounding Brazil's National Museum, which continues to tally its losses. According to the deputy director at the museum, a 200-year-old Rio de Janeiro institution, the fire that burned down much of the building two weeks ago may have consumed 90 percent of the collection.

That's thousands, maybe millions, of objects —incomprehensible numbers.

It's always easier to think in smaller terms, specific examples. The museum preserved documentation of indigenous languages for which there are no longer any living native speakers, as The New York Times has reported. Every one of those records apparently went up in smoke, taking with it a culture, a civilization, the story of a life, a chapter of us.

Because that's what museums like the National Museum ultimately do. They piece together the narrative of who we are, where we come from, where we belong — in the universe, on this planet, as nations, communities, individuals.
(…)

But during recent years, residents have watched government officials funnel billions toward the Olympics, the World Cup and projects like Santiago Calatrava’s Museum of Tomorrow, ignoring public services and bedrock institutions like the National Museum, whose cash-starved curators, even before the fire, became so desperate that they took to crowdsourcing funds to repair tattered displays.

Writing in the newspaper El País, Washington Fajardo, an architect and planner from Rio, described Brazil as “a happy prisoner of modernity.” His point: The country’s political and business leaders, grasping and reckless, have fixated on projecting Brazil as a global front-runner and neglected the country’s cultural patrimony.
(…)

Adapted version from

The New York Times, September, 2018. 

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

What Is Lost When a Museum Vanishes?

In Brazil, a Nation's Story

O que se perde quando um museu desaparece?

No Brasil, a história de uma nação

By Michael Kimmelman Por Michael Kimmelman

 
Ash is still blowing through the park surrounding Brazil's National Museum, which continues to tally its losses. Ash ainda está soprando pelo parque ao redor do Museu Nacional do Brasil, que continua contabilizando suas perdas.

According to the deputy director at the museum, a 200-year-old Rio de Janeiro institution, the fire that burned down much of the building two weeks ago may have consumed 90 percent of the collection. Segundo o vice-diretor do museu, instituição carioca com 200 anos, o incêndio que queimou grande parte do prédio há duas semanas pode ter consumido 90% do acervo.

That's thousands, maybe millions, of objects —incomprehensible numbers. São milhares, talvez milhões, de objetos — números incompreensíveis.

It's always easier to think in smaller terms, specific examples. É sempre mais fácil pensar em termos menores, em exemplos específicos.

The museum preserved documentation of indigenous languages for which there are no longer any living native speakers, as The New York Times has reported. O museu preservou documentação de línguas indígenas para as quais não existem mais falantes nativos vivos, como noticiou o The New York Times.

Every one of those records apparently went up in smoke, taking with it a culture, a civilization, the story of a life, a chapter of us. Cada um desses discos aparentemente virou fumaça, levando consigo uma cultura, uma civilização, a história de uma vida, um capítulo nosso.

Because that's what museums like the National Museum ultimately do. Porque é isso que museus como o Museu Nacional fazem.

They piece together the narrative of who we are, where we come from, where we belong — in the universe, on this planet, as nations, communities, individuals. Eles reúnem a narrativa de quem somos, de onde viemos, a que lugar pertencemos — no universo, neste planeta, como nações, comunidades, indivíduos.

But during recent years, residents have watched government officials funnel billions toward the Olympics, the World Cup and projects like Santiago Calatrava’s Museum of Tomorrow, ignoring public services and bedrock institutions like the National Museum, whose cash-starved curators, even before the fire, became so desperate that they took to crowdsourcing funds to repair tattered displays. Mas durante os últimos anos, os moradores viram funcionários do governo canalizarem bilhões para as Olimpíadas, a Copa do Mundo e projetos como o Museu do Amanhã, de Santiago Calatrava, ignorando os serviços públicos e instituições fundamentais como o Museu Nacional, cujos curadores famintos de dinheiro, mesmo antes do incêndio, ficaram tão desesperados que recorreram a crowdsourcing de fundos para reparar displays esfarrapados.

Writing in the newspaper El País, Washington Fajardo, an architect and planner from Rio, described Brazil as “a happy prisoner of modernity.” Escrevendo no jornal El País, Washington Fajardo, arquiteto e urbanista carioca, descreveu o Brasil como “um feliz prisioneiro da modernidade”.

His point: The country’s political and business leaders, grasping and reckless, have fixated on projecting Brazil as a global front-runner and neglected the country’s cultural patrimony. O seu ponto de vista: os líderes políticos e empresariais do país, gananciosos e imprudentes, fixaram-se em projetar o Brasil como um líder global e negligenciaram o patrimônio cultural do país.

12 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the text, select the alternative that is INCORRECT:

a) 90% of the museum collection was lost.
b) Documents that preserved dead indigenous languages were lost.
c) One of the functions of a museum is to provide citizens the history of their culture.
d) The Museum of Tomorrow is also suffering the consequences of lack of funds in Rio.
e) The government is using residents’ money in events such as the Olympics and the World Cup.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o texto, selecione a alternativa que está INCORRETA:

a) 90% of the museum collection was lost. 90% da coleção do museu foi perdida.
b) Documents that preserved dead indigenous languages were lost. Documentos que preservaram línguas indígenas mortas foram perdidos.
c) One of the functions of a museum is to provide citizens the history of their culture. Uma das funções de um museu é fornecer aos cidadãos a história de sua cultura.
d) The Museum of Tomorrow is also suffering the consequences of lack of funds in Rio. O Museu do Amanhã também está sofrendo as consequências da falta de recursos no Rio.
e) The government is using residents’ money in events such as the Olympics and the World Cup. O governo está usando o dinheiro dos moradores em eventos como as Olimpíadas e a Copa do Mundo.

13 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

In the text, Washington Fajardo, an architect in Rio, asserts that:

a) Authorities in Brazil are so interested in leading the country to modernity that they forget the past.
b) Authorities are worried about the country’s cultural patrimony.
c) The prisons in Brazil are planned and modern.
d) Modernity is concerning the Brazilian government.
e) Government and business leaders don’t agree on projecting Brazil to the world.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

No texto, Washington Fajardo, arquiteto no Rio, afirma que:

a) Authorities in Brazil are so interested in leading the country to modernity that they forget the past. As autoridades brasileiras estão tão interessadas em levar/conduzir o país à modernidade que elas se esquecem do passado.
b) Authorities are worried about the country’s cultural patrimony. As autoridades estão preocupadas com o patrimônio cultural do país.
c) The prisons in Brazil are planned and modern. As prisões no Brasil são planejadas e modernas.
d) Modernity is concerning the Brazilian government. A modernidade diz respeito ao governo brasileiro.
e) Government and business leaders don’t agree on projecting Brazil to the world. 

O governo e os líderes empresariais não concordam em projetar o Brasil para o mundo.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...] Writing in the newspaper El País, Washington Fajardo, an architect and planner from Rio, described Brazil as “a happy prisoner of modernity.” His point: The country’s political and business leaders, grasping and reckless, have fixated on projecting Brazil as a global front-runner and neglected the country’s cultural patrimony." 

• Escrevendo no jornal El País, Washington Fajardo, arquiteto e urbanista carioca, descreveu o Brasil como “um feliz prisioneiro da modernidade”. O seu ponto de vista: os líderes políticos e empresariais do país, gananciosos e imprudentes, fixaram-se em projetar o Brasil como um líder global e negligenciaram o patrimônio cultural do país.

14 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Look at the following sentence transcribed from the text and choose the alternative that best explains it:

"(…), whose cash-starved curators, even before the fire, became so desperate that they took to crowdsourcing funds to repair tattered displays."

a) Curators were only asking money for the government to repair the museum.
b) After the fire, curators tried different paths to raise money to repair the museum.
c) Curators were so desperate that they tried other possibilities of raising money, such as crowdsourcing funds.
d) Curators intended to replace the old displays.
e) Even before the fire, curators were desperate with the crowded museum.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Look at the following sentence transcribed from the text and choose the alternative that best explains it:

"(…), whose cash-starved curators, even before the fire, became so desperate that they took to crowdsourcing funds to repair tattered displays."

a) Curators were only asking money for the government to repair the museum. Os curadores só pediam dinheiro para o governo reparar o museu.
b) After the fire, curators tried different paths to raise money to repair the museum. Depois do incêndio, os curadores tentaram caminhos diferentes para arrecadar dinheiro para consertar o museu.
c) Curators were so desperate that they tried other possibilities of raising money, such as crowdsourcing funds. Os curadores estavam tão desesperados que tentaram outras possibilidades de angariar/levantar dinheiro, tais como financiamento coletivo.
d) Curators intended to replace the old displays. Curadores destinados a substituir os antigos displays.
e) Even before the fire, curators were desperate with the crowded museum. Mesmo antes do incêndio, os curadores estavam desesperados com o museu lotado.

❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text below and answer questions 15, 16 and 17:

What is Philosophy for?

From a distance, philosophy seems weird, irrelevant, boring – and yet also just a little intriguing. But what are philosophers really for? The answer is helpfully already contained in the word ‘philosophy’ itself: in Ancient Greek, philo means love and sophia means wisdom. Philosophers are people who are devoted to wisdom. Being wise means attempting to live – and die – well. In the pursuit of wisdom, philosophers have developed a very specific skill set: they have over the centuries become experts in many of the things that make people not very wise. Five stand out:

1. We don't ask big questions

There are lots of big questions around: What’s the meaning of life? What’s a job for? How should society be arranged? Most of us entertain them every now and then. But we despair of trying to answer them. They have the status almost of jokes. We call them pretentious, but they matter deeply, because only with sound answers to them, can we direct our energies meaningfully. Philosophers are people unafraid of asking big questions.

They have over the centuries asked the very largest.
They realize that these questions can always be broken down into more manageable chunks, and that the only really pretentious thing is to think one’s above raising naive-sounding inquiries.

2. We are vulnerable to errors of common sense

Public opinion, or what gets called ‘common sense’, is sensible and reasonable in countless areas. It’s what you hear about from friends and neighbours – the stuff you take in without even thinking about it. But common sense is often also full of daftness and error. Philosophy gets us to admit all aspects of common sense to reason. It wants us to think for ourselves. Is it really true what people say about love, money, children, travel, work? Philosophers are interested in asking whether an idea is logical, rather than assuming it must be right because it’s popular and long established.

3. We are mentally confused

We are not very good at knowing what goes on in our own minds. Someone we meet is very annoying, but we can’t pin down what the issue is, or we lose our temper but we can’t readily tell what we’re so cross about. We lack insights into our own satisfactions and dislikes. That’s why we need to examine our own minds. Philosophy is committed to self-nowledge and it’s central precept, articulated by the earliest, greatest philosopher Socrates, is just two words long: know yourself.

4. We have muddled ideas about what makes us happy

We’re not very good at making ourselves happy. We overrate the power of some things to improve our lives and underrate others. We make the wrong choices because, guided by advertising and false glamour, we keep on imagining that a particular kind of holiday or car or computer will make a bigger difference than it can. At the same time, we underestimate the contribution of other things, like going for a walk, which may have little prestige but which can contribute deeply to the character of existence.

Philosophers seek to be wise by getting more precise about the activities and attitudes that really can help our lives to go better.

5. We panic and lose perspective

Philosophers are good at keeping a sense of what really matters and what doesn’t. On hearing the news that he’d lost all his possessions to a shipwreck, the Stoic philosopher Zeno simple said, ‘fortune commands me to be a less encumbered philosopher’. It’s responses like these that have made the very term ‘philosophical’ a byword for calm, long-term thinking and strength of mind. In short, for perspective.
The wisdom of philosophy is in modern times mostly delivered in the form of books. But, in the past, philosophers sat in market squares and discussed their ideas with shopkeepers or went into government offices and palaces to give advice. It wasn’t abnormal to have a philosopher on your payroll. Philosophy was thought of as a normal, basic activity, rather than as an esoteric, optional extra. Nowadays, it’s not so much that we overtly deny this thought, but we just don’t have the right institutions set up to promulgate wisdom coherently in the world. In the future, though, when the value of philosophy is a little clearer, we can expect to meet more philosophers in daily life. They won’t be locked up, living mainly in university departments, because the points at which our unwisdom bites and messes up our lives are multiple and urgently need attention right now.

Adapted from the website The Philosopher’s Mail. http://thephilosophersmail.com.
Access: September, 2018.

15 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Choose the alternative that is INCORRECT about the meaning of philosophy and the role of the philosopher, in a wide perspective:

a) Philosophy is not interesting in general, but there is something in it that makes it curious.
b) The philosopher is someone who studies the Ancient Greek.
c) Philosophers are committed to wisdom.
d) In their pursuit of wisdom, philosophers study things that don't make people really smart.
e) The author says that being wise is being capable of living and dying well.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Escolha a alternativa que está INCORRETA sobre o significado da filosofia e o papel do filósofo, numa perspectiva ampla:

a) Philosophy is not interesting in general, but there is something in it that makes it curious. A filosofia não é interessante em geral, mas há algo nela que a torna curiosa.
b) The philosopher is someone who studies the Ancient Greek. O filósofo é alguém que estuda o grego antigo.
c) Philosophers are committed to wisdom. Os filósofos estão comprometidos com a sabedoria.
d) In their pursuit of wisdom, philosophers study things that don't make people really smart. Na busca da sabedoria, os filósofos estudam coisas que não tornam as pessoas realmente inteligentes.
e) The author says that being wise is being capable of living and dying well. O autor diz que ser sábio é ser capaz de viver e morrer bem.

16 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Choose the correct alternative:

a) Philosophers seek for true big answers such as the meaning of life and the organization of society.
b) Philosophers judge if one idea is right or wrong based on common sense and long-establishment.
c) The source for philosophers is their own mind. Philosophy comes from internal satisfactions and dislikes.
d) Because philosophy is committed to live and die well, philosophers have a very fulfilling and happy life.
e) Philosophy is very widely spread in contemporary world due to books and institutions that are concerned about promulgating it to the world.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Escolha a alternativa correta:

a) Philosophers seek for true big answers such as the meaning of life and the organization of society. Os filósofos buscam respostas verdadeiras, como o sentido da vida e a organização da sociedade.
b) Philosophers judge if one idea is right or wrong based on common sense and long-establishment. Os filósofos julgam se uma ideia é certa ou errada, baseada no senso comum e no longo estabelecimento.
c) The source for philosophers is their own mind. Philosophy comes from internal satisfactions and dislikes. A fonte dos filósofos é a sua própria mente. Filosofia vem de satisfações e rejeições internas.
d) Because philosophy is committed to live and die well, philosophers have a very fulfilling and happy life. Porque a filosofia está comprometida em viver e morrer bem, os filósofos têm uma vida muito satisfatória e feliz.
e) Philosophy is very widely spread in contemporary world due to books and institutions that are concerned about promulgating it to the world. A filosofia é amplamente difundida no mundo contemporâneo devido aos livros e instituições que estão preocupados em promulgar para o mundo.

17 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Choose the alternative that presents synonyms for the following words from the text, respectively:

I) weird 

II) naive 

III) annoying

a) silly, intelligent, disturbing
b) stupid, funny, interesting
c) strange, intelligent, irritating
d) stupid, innocent, outrageous
e) strange, innocent, irritating

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Escolha a alternativa que apresente sinônimos para as seguintes palavras do texto, respectivamente:

I) weird estranho

II) naive ingênuo

III) annoying chato

a) silly, intelligent, disturbing bobo, inteligente, perturbador
b) stupid, funny, interesting estúpido, engraçado, interessante
c) strange, intelligent, irritating estranho, inteligente, irritante
d) stupid, innocent, outrageous estúpido, inocente, escandaloso
e) strange, innocent, irritating estranho, inocente, irritante

❑ TEXTO 3:

Taken from:
http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/calvin-and-hobbes
Access: September, 2018.

18 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the comic strip:

a) Calvin is happy because his mother is preparing his favorite food.
b) Calvin doesn’t know what tortellini is, but he says he hates it anyway.
c) Calvin is looking up a tortellini recipe in a cookbook.
d) His mother changes her mind and cooks something different.
e) Calvin hates tortellini because it is gross.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com a história em quadrinhos:

a) Calvin is happy because his mother is preparing his favorite food. Calvin está feliz porque sua mãe está preparando sua comida favorita.
b) Calvin doesn’t know what tortellini is, but he says he hates it anyway. Calvin não sabe o que é tortellini, mas diz que detesta isso de qualquer maneira.
c) Calvin is looking up a tortellini recipe in a cookbook. Calvin está procurando uma receita de tortellini em um livro de receitas.
d) His mother changes her mind and cooks something different. Sua mãe muda de idéia e cozinha algo diferente.
e) Calvin hates tortellini because it is gross. Calvin odeia tortellini porque é grosseiro.