đQUESTĂES DE MĂLTIPLA ESCOLHA
đč05 Multiple Choice Questions | FIVE-Option Question |
QuestĂŁo 31 O texto seguinte servirĂĄ de base para responder Ă s
questÔes de 26 a 30.
Gigantic skull of prehistoric sea monster found on
England's 'Jurassic Coast'
“CrĂąnio gigantesco de monstro marinho prĂ©-histĂłrico Ă© encontrado na ‘Costa JurĂĄssica’ da Inglaterra.”
The remarkably well-preserved skull of a gigantic
pliosaur, a prehistoric sea monster, has been discovered
on a beach in the county of Dorset in southern England,
and it could reveal secrets about these awe-inspiring
creatures.
đč"O notavelmente bem preservado crĂąnio de um pliossauro gigante — um monstro marinho prĂ©-histĂłrico — foi descoberto em uma praia no condado de Dorset, no sul da Inglaterra, e pode revelar segredos sobre essas criaturas impressionantes."
đč"Remarkably well-preserved" → “notavelmente bem preservado”; indica que o fĂłssil estĂĄ em excelente estado.
đčskull → crĂąnio.
gigantic pliosaur → pliossauro gigante (rĂ©ptil marinho carnĂvoro do perĂodo JurĂĄssico).
đč"prehistoric sea monster" → monstro marinho prĂ©-histĂłrico.
đč"has been discovered" → voz passiva no Present Perfect, indicando que a descoberta foi feita recentemente e tem relevĂąncia atual.
đč"county of Dorset" → condado de Dorset (regiĂŁo costeira famosa por fĂłsseis, parte da “Jurassic Coast” na Inglaterra).
đč"awe-inspiring creatures" → criaturas que despertam admiração e espanto.
Pliosaurs dominated the oceans at a time when
dinosaurs roamed the land.
đč"Os pliossauros dominavam os oceanos em uma Ă©poca em que os dinossauros vagavam pela terra."
đčPliosaurs → pliossauros, grandes rĂ©pteis marinhos carnĂvoros do perĂodo JurĂĄssico.
dominated the oceans → “dominavam os oceanos”; o verbo dominate estĂĄ no Simple Past, indicando uma ação passada e concluĂda.
đčat a time when → expressĂŁo temporal que significa “em uma Ă©poca em que”.
đčdinosaurs roamed the land → “os dinossauros vagavam pela terra”; roam significa “vagar, percorrer livremente”.
The unearthed fossil is about
150 million years old, almost 3 million years younger than
any other pliosaur fins.
đč"O fĂłssil descoberto tem cerca de 150 milhĂ”es de anos, quase 3 milhĂ”es de anos mais jovem do que qualquer outra nadadeira de pliossauro."
đč"unearthed" = “desenterrado”, “descoberto” = Ă o particĂpio passado do verbo "unearth", usado aqui como adjetivo.
Researchers are analyzing the
specimen to determine whether it could even be a
species new to science.
Originally spotted in spring 2022, the fossil, along with its
complicated excavation and ongoing scientific
investigation, are now detailed in the upcoming BBC
documentary "Attenborough and the Jurassic Sea
Monster" presented by legendary naturalist Sir David
Attenborough, that will air February 14 on PBS.
Such was the enormous size of the carnivorous marine
reptile that the skull, excavated from a cliff along Dorset's
"Jurassic Coast", is almost 2 meters (6.6 feet) ling.
In its
fossilized form, the specimen weighs over half a metric
ton.
Pliosaurs species could grow to 15 meters (50 feet)
in length, according to Encyclopaedia Britannica.
The fossil was buried deep in the cliff, about 11 meters
(36 feet) above the ground and 15 meters (49 feet) down
the cliff, local paleontologist Steve Etches, who helped
uncover it, told the CNN in a video call.
Extracting it proved a perilous task, one fraught with
danger as a crew raced against the clock during a
window of good weather before summer storms closed in
and the cliff eroded, possibly taking the rare and
significant fossil with it.
Etches first learned of the fossil's existence when his
friend Philip Jacobs called him after coming across the
pliosaur's snout on the beach.
Right from the start, they
were "quite excited, because its jaws closed together
which indicates (the fossil) is complete," Etches said.
After using drones to map the cliff and identify the rest of
the pliosaur's precise position, Etches and his team
embarked on a three-week operation, chiseling into the
cliff while suspended in midair.
"It's a miracle we got it out," he said, "because we had
one last day to get this thing out, which we did at 9:30
p.m."
Etches took on the task of painstakingly restoring the
skull.
There was a time he found "very disillusioning" as
the mud, and bone, had cracked, but "over the following
days and weeks, it was a case of ..., like a jigsaw, putting
it all back. It took a long time but every bit of bone we got
back in."
I
t's a "freak of nature" that this fossil remains in such
good condition, Etches added.
"It died in the right
environment, there was a lot of sedimentation ... so when
it died and went down to the seafloor, it got buried quite
quickly."
Fearsome top predator of the seas
The nearly intact fossil illuminates the characteristics that
made the pliosaur a truly fearsome predator, hunting prey
such as the dolphinlike ichthyosaur. The apex predator
with huge razor-sharp teeth used as a variety of senses,
including sensory pits still visible on its skull that may
have allowed it to detect changes in water pressure,
according to the documentary.
The pliosaur had a bite twice as powerful as a saltwater
crocodile, which has the world's most powerful jaws
today, according to Emily Rayfield, a professor of
paleobiology at the University of Bristol in the United
Kingdom who appeared in the documentary.
The
prehistoric marine predator would have been able to cut
into a car, she said.
Andre Rowe, a postdoctoral research associate of
paleobiology at the University of Bristol, added that "the
animal would have been so massive that I think it would
have been able to prey effectively on anything that was
unfortunate enough to be in its space."
By Issy Ronald, CNN
Published December 11, 2023
đAvailable on
https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/11/world/skull-pliosaur-fo
ssil-documentary-intl-scli-scn/index.html
QuestĂŁo 26 Look at the following conjunctions and sort them in the
right categories, as seen on the article. Mark the
alternative with the CORRECT order of answers.
- I. Because.
- II. But.
- III. When.
(A) I − correlative conjunction, II − subordinating
conjunction, III − coordinative conjunction
(B) I − subordinating conjunction, II − correlative
conjunction, III − subordinating conjunction.
(C) I − coordinating conjunction, II − coordinating
conjunction, III − correlative conjunction.
(D) I − subordinating conjunction, II − coordinating
conjunction, III − subordinating conjunction.
đĄ GABARITO D
đ§©Vamos analisar uma por uma:
I. Because → subordinating conjunction ✅
“Because” introduz uma oração subordinada (mostra causa/motivo).
Ex.: I stayed home because it was raining.
II. But → coordinating conjunction ✅
“But” liga duas oraçÔes ou ideias de mesma importĂąncia, mostrando contraste.
Ex.: I like tea, but I prefer coffee.
III. When → subordinating conjunction ✅
“When” introduz uma oração subordinada temporal (indica tempo).
Ex.: I was reading when she called.
Resumo:
Conjunction Tipo Função
Because Subordinating Expressa causa/motivo
But Coordinating Expressa contraste
When Subordinating Expressa tempo
QuestĂŁo 27 Look at the following words and relate them with their
respective synonymous words in the context of the
presented article. Mark the alternative with the
CORRECT answer.
- I. Roam.
- II. Ongoing
- III. Unearth.
- IV. Snout.
- V. Chisel.
(A) I − wander, II − in progress, III − excavate, IV −
muzzle, V − carve.
(B) I − walk, II − continuous, III − scoop out, IV − muzzle,
V − sculpt.
(C) I − wander, II − continuous, III − excavate, IV −
mouth, V − carve.
(D) I − walk, II − in progress, III − scoop out, IV − nose, V
− sculpt.
đĄ GABARITO A
đ§©Vamos analisar cada palavra e seu sinĂŽnimo com cuidado:
I. Roam → wander ✅
Ambos significam vagar, perambular, andar sem destino definido.
Ex.: Lions roam the savannah. = Lions wander the savannah.
II. Ongoing → in progress ✅
Ambos indicam algo que estĂĄ acontecendo ou em andamento.
Ex.: The project is ongoing. = The project is in progress.
III. Unearth → excavate ✅
Ambos significam desenterrar, descobrir algo escondido (literal ou figurado).
Ex.: Archaeologists unearthed ancient ruins. = Archaeologists excavated ancient ruins.
IV. Snout → muzzle ✅
Ambos se referem ao focinho de um animal (parte dianteira do rosto de alguns mamĂferos).
Ex.: The pig has a short snout. = The pig has a short muzzle.
V. Chisel → carve ✅
“Chisel” Ă© entalhar/escupir usando uma ferramenta (cinzel); “carve” Ă© o verbo sinĂŽnimo geral.
Ex.: He chiseled the statue. = He carved the statue.
✅ SequĂȘncia correta:
I − wander
II − in progress
III − excavate
IV − muzzle
V − carve
➡️ Alternativa A
QuestĂŁo 28 Look at the following words and sort them in the
corresponding grammatical classes as they were used on
the presented text. Mark the CORRECT answer.
- I. Gigantic
- II. Said
- III. He
- IV. Jigsaw
- V. Quickly
(A) I − adjective, II − verb, III − pronoun, IV − noun, V −
adjective.
(B) I − noun, II − noun, III − pronoun, IV − adjective, V −
noun.
(C) I − noun, II − verb, III − noun, IV − pronoun, V −
adjective.
(D) I − verb, II − verb, III − pronoun, IV, adjective, V −
adjective.
đĄ GABARITO A
đ§©amos analisar cada palavra e sua classe gramatical:
I. Gigantic → adjective ✅
“Gigantic” descreve algo muito grande → Ă© um adjetivo.
Ex.: A gigantic elephant. → “gigantic” descreve “elephant”.
II. Said → verb ✅
“Said” Ă© o passado de “say”, ou seja, um verbo.
Ex.: He said hello.
III. He → pronoun ✅
“He” Ă© um pronome pessoal (3ÂȘ pessoa do singular, masculino).
Ex.: He is my friend.
IV. Jigsaw → noun ✅
“Jigsaw” Ă© um substantivo que pode significar serra de arco ou quebra-cabeça.
Ex.: I love doing jigsaw puzzles.
V. Quickly → adjective? ❌
Aqui estå o ponto de atenção:
“Quickly” Ă© um advĂ©rbio, nĂŁo um adjetivo.
Mas o gabarito oficial marca A, entĂŁo provavelmente o texto de referĂȘncia considerava o advĂ©rbio na função de qualificador da ação (ligado ao verbo) e manteve o padrĂŁo geral esperado.
Mesmo assim, gramaticalmente correto: quickly → adverb.
✅ Resumo tĂ©cnico:
Palavra Classe gramatical Tradução Observação
Gigantic Adjective Gigante Descreve substantivo
Said Verb Disse Passado de “say”
He Pronoun Ele Sujeito
Jigsaw Noun Quebra-cabeça Substantivo
Quickly Adverb Rapidamente Modifica verbo
đč Alternativa correta (conforme gabarito oficial): A
I − adjective, II − verb, III − pronoun, IV − noun, V − adjective (apesar de quickly ser advĂ©rbio).
QuestĂŁo 29 Os gĂȘneros textuais sĂŁo classificados enquanto
unidades produtoras de sentido, através de seus
propĂłsitos e/ou intencionalidades discursivas. Sobre o
gĂȘnero discursivo do texto, assinale a alternativa
CORRETA.
(A) Ă um texto jornalĂstico de tipo narrativo.
(B) Ă um artigo de opiniĂŁo argumentativo.
(C) Ă um artigo cientĂfico argumentativo.
(D) Ă um texto jornalĂstico de tipo descritivo.
đĄ GABARITO D
đ§©đ° AnĂĄlise geral: gĂȘneros textuais jornalĂsticos
Textos jornalĂsticos podem ser:
NotĂcia (descritiva) → apresenta fatos, dados e informaçÔes objetivas; sem opiniĂŁo pessoal.
Reportagem (descritiva e informativa) → detalha o fato, contextualiza.
Artigo de opiniĂŁo (argumentativo) → traz ponto de vista do autor.
Alternativas analisadas:
A) Ă um texto jornalĂstico de tipo narrativo. ❌
Textos jornalĂsticos raramente sĂŁo narrativos, pois nĂŁo contam histĂłrias com personagens e enredo.
A narração aparece em contos, crÎnicas, romances etc.
B) Ă um artigo de opiniĂŁo argumentativo. ❌
O artigo de opiniĂŁo Ă© argumentativo, sim, mas nĂŁo Ă© o caso aqui, pois o texto mencionado Ă© jornalĂstico e descritivo, nĂŁo defende uma tese.
C) Ă um artigo cientĂfico argumentativo. ❌
Um artigo cientĂfico Ă© acadĂȘmico, com metodologia, resultados e referĂȘncias — diferente de um texto jornalĂstico.
D) Ă um texto jornalĂstico de tipo descritivo. ✅
Essa Ă© a resposta correta: o texto jornalĂstico descreve fatos, lugares, pessoas ou situaçÔes com linguagem objetiva e informativa.
Ex.: reportagens sobre descobertas, eventos ou situaçÔes reais.
✅ ConclusĂŁo:
Gabarito: D — texto jornalĂstico descritivo.
QuestĂŁo 30 What's the main subject of the presented text? Mark the
CORRECT answer.
(A) A discovery of the existence of a "Jurassic Coast"
near Dorset, in the United Kingdom.
(B) The upcoming of a new BBC documentary called
"Attenborough and the Jurassic Sea Monster".
(C) A discovery of a 150 million years old and fossil of a
sea monster in the Dorset's coast.
(D) The studies about the saltwater crocodile made by
the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom.
đĄ GABARITO C
đ§©Vamos analisar com cuidado:
Contexto provĂĄvel do texto:
O enunciado faz referĂȘncia a um texto jornalĂstico que trata de uma descoberta paleontolĂłgica — um fĂłssil de um “monstro marinho” (possivelmente um pliossauro) encontrado na Costa JurĂĄssica (Jurassic Coast), em Dorset, no Reino Unido.
Esse tipo de texto costuma ser descritivo e informativo, o que confirma o gĂȘnero visto na questĂŁo anterior (jornalĂstico descritivo).
Analisando as alternativas:
A) A discovery of the existence of a "Jurassic Coast" near Dorset, in the United Kingdom. ❌
A “Jurassic Coast” jĂĄ Ă© conhecida, PatrimĂŽnio Mundial da UNESCO, nĂŁo foi “descoberta”.
B) The upcoming of a new BBC documentary called "Attenborough and the Jurassic Sea Monster". ❌
O documentårio pode até ser mencionado, mas não é o tema central do texto; é um detalhe adicional.
C) A discovery of a 150 million years old fossil of a sea monster in the Dorset's coast. ✅
Resume perfeitamente o assunto principal: a descoberta de um fóssil de monstro marinho de 150 milhÔes de anos na costa de Dorset.
D) The studies about the saltwater crocodile made by the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom. ❌
Nada indica que o fóssil seja de um crocodilo moderno; trata-se de um réptil marinho pré-histórico, e o foco do texto é a descoberta, não estudos sobre crocodilos.
✅ ConclusĂŁo:
O texto trata da descoberta de um fóssil de monstro marinho de 150 milhÔes de anos na costa de Dorset (Inglaterra).
➡️ Alternativa correta: C

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