CACD – DISCURSIVA 2008 – DIPLOMATA – LÍNGUA INGLESA –WRITING EXAMINATION

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• DIPLOMATA-CACD-WRITING EXAMINATION-2008-CESPE/UnB.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA ESCRITA:

• (1) TRANSLATION  | 20 pontos |
• (2) VERSION  | 15 pontos |
• (3) SUMMARY | 15 pontos |
• (4) COMPOSITION | 50 pontos | 

1 - TRANSLATION:

Translate into Portuguese the following excerpt from James Baldwin’s “Notes of a native son” (1955) [in: The United States in Literature. Glenview: Scott, Foresman & Co., 1976, p. M 132.]:

I was born in Harlem thirty-one years ago. I began plotting novels at about the time I learned to read. The story of my childhood is the usual bleak fantasy, and we can dismiss it with the restrained observation that I certainly would not consider living it again. In those days my mother was given to the exasperating and mysterious habit of having babies. As they were born, I took them over with one hand and held a book with the other. The children probably suffered, though they have since been kind enough to deny it, and in this way I read Uncle Tom’s Cabin and A Tale of two Cities over and over and over again; in this way, in fact, I read just about everything I could get my hands on — except the Bible, probably because it was the only book I was encouraged to read. I must also confess that I wrote — a great deal — and my first professional triumph occurred at the age of twelve or thereabouts.

     Resposta     :

Eu nasci no Harlem há trinta e um anos. Comecei a idealizar romances tão logo aprendi a escrever. A história de minha infância é uma fantasia monótona e normal, e podemos descartá-la mediante a observação contida de que, certamente, eu não consideraria a possibilidade de revivê-la. Naquele tempo, minha mãe dedicava-se ao hábito irritante e misterioso de ter bebês. À medida que eles nasciam, eu os segurava com uma das mãos e, com a outra, segurava um livro. As crianças provavelmente sofriam, embora, desde aquela época, elas tenham sido gentis o bastante em negar essa situação. Assim, eu lia “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” e “A Tale of two Cities” seguidas vezes. Na verdade, eu lia quase tudo que chegava às minhas mãos, com exceção da Bíblia; provavelmente, devido ao fato de que era o único livro que me encorajavam a ler. Devo confessar, também, que eu escrevia muito e que meu primeiro triunfo profissional ocorreu quando eu tinha doze anos, ou por volta dos doze anos. 

Translate into English the following excerpt adapted from Mário Henrique Simonsen’s Brasil 2002 (5ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: APEC, 1974, p. 11):

A ideia de prever a evolução econômica dos povos segundo modelos rígidos de determinismo histórico sempre seduziu os cientistas sociais. O futurólogo é uma espécie de cartomante recheado de álgebra, e que procura satisfazer uma das maiores angústias da humanidade, o pré-conhecimento do futuro. Além disso, o conteúdo de suas formulações parece, pelo menos para os leigos, bem mais fundamentado cientificamente do que a simples leitura de um baralho. Fora o aspecto psicológico, há a questão estética. Os modelos que prevêem o futuro da humanidade segundo uma trajetória imutável, inabalável por hipóteses acessórias, possuem uma grandiosidade apocalíptica, inacessível àquelas construções prosaicas repletas de condicionais e condicionantes. Não surpreende, por isso, que os economistas tantas vezes se tenham aventurado
no desenvolvimento desses modelos que, com o mínimo de hipóteses, apresentam o máximo de previsões.
            
A aplicação do determinismo histórico às ciências sociais envolve dois problemas: um filosófico, que consiste em questionar a validade da tese; outro, bem mais prático, que é o de saber se temos o direito de afirmar que descobrimos as leis desse determinismo.

     Resposta     :

The idea of foreseeing the economic evolution of peoples according to rigid models of historical determinism has always seduced social scientists. The forecaster is some sort of fortune-teller filled with algebra, and who seeks to satisfy one of the greatest anguish of mankind, the prior knowledge of the future. Besides, the content of his predictions seems, at least to the laymen, scientifically much better based than the mere reading of a deck of cards. Apart from the psychological aspect, there is the issue of aesthetics. The models which foresee the future of mankind according to an unchangeable trajectory, unshakeable by accessory hypotheses, possess an apocalyptical grandiosity, not accessible to those prosaic constructs filled with conditions and variables. It comes as no surprise then that economists have time and again dared to develop these models, which with fewer hypotheses present most predictions.

            
The use of historical determinism in social sciences encompasses two problems: a philosophical one, which consists of questioning the validity of the thesis, and another one, more practical, of knowing whether we have the right to assert that we have found the laws of this determinism. 

“Nationalism – Internationalism. These abstract words, so often abused, so often misunderstood, cover high ideals and strong emotions, reflect modes of thought and action that shape our world. We often see the word ‘nationalism’ used in a derogatory sense. The same is true of the word ‘internationalism’. When nationalism connotes, for example, a ‘go-it-alone’ isolationism, and internationalism an outlook that belittles the significance of national life and of nations as centres of political action and spiritual tradition, the words become contradictory and the attitudes they describe irreconcilable. From such interpretations of the words comes the tendency to think of nationalism as in fundamental conflict with an internationalist attitude.”

Discuss the above statement, adapted from an address by then United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld at Stanford University in 1955, in the light of current international political events.

(Length: 350-450 words)

     Resposta     :
Modelo 01(com 04 parágrafos- Média de 80 palavras / parágrafo):            

Nationalism and internationalism may seem a contradiction in terms. As former Secretary-General Dag Hammarsjköld highlighted, nationalism appears to be the tendency to act single-handedly, without taking into account other countries' opinions or thoughts. As for internationalism, most people think of it as downplaying the importance of states in the international community. Reality, however, is less clear-cut, as one can believe in the weight of nations and still have a tendency towards international cooperation.
            
Take the case of environmental degradation. Some of the problems nations have to address can be dealt with locally, for example, deforestation and non-productivity of soil caused by unsustainable agriculture. Other major issues, such as global warming and the hole in the ozone-layer, must be discussed globally, for unilateral measures would be of no use. Therefore, without underestimating the significance of nations as centers of political action, international cooperation is, at times, of absolute importance.
             
When it comes to security issues, the usual distinction between nationalism and internationalism seems even more exaggerated. Many argue that sovereignty and international military operations do not match. It is interesting to note that Dag Hammarsjköld made his speech at Stanford University in 1955, exactly one year before the first official peacekeeping operation under the UN flag. Since that first mission, there has been a profusion of other mandates in almost every continent of the world. These operations illustrate how multilateral actions can be fully compatible with national sovereignty. In fact, the former president of Egypt, Nasser, was known for his nationalist tendencies, yet he agreed to have blue helmet troops in his territory. He was aware that international peace was also in his best interest. When he decided to withdraw the UN troops, it resulted in a large loss of territory in favor of Israel.
             
International politics is, by definition, a two-level game. Even when considering only its own national interest, one cannot discard international cooperation. Sometimes domestic and global interests meet. However, even when this is not the case, in an interdependent world there can be no such thing as absolute isolationism. The same can be said about internationalists who believe that states have lost their primacy. The international community still is – and will probably always be – dominated by power-maximizing states.

CACD TPS 2008 – DIPLOMATA – LÍNGUA INGLESA

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• DIPLOMATA-CACD-TPS-2008-CESPE/UnB-APLICAÇÃO 09/03/2008.

❑ ESTRUTURA-TPS-TESTE DE PRÉ-SELEÇÃO:

• 06 TFQs (True False Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.
• 03 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | European energy | www.economist.com |
• Texto (2) – | The Gaza Strip | www.economist.com |
• Texto (3) – | Economic policy | Banking | Asia. Pacific. | The Guardian Weekly |

❑ TEXTO 1: Text for questions from 01 through 03.

European energy

           
The European Union (EU) revealed on January 23rd, 2008, how it plans to save the world. A mammoth climate-change plan spells out in detail how much pain each of its 27 members will have to bear if the EU is to meet ambitious targets set by national leaders last March.

The aim is to cut greenhouse-gas emissions by 2020 by at least a fifth, and more than double to 20% the amount of energy produced from renewable sources such as wind or wave power. If fuel from plants proves green enough, 10% of the fuel used in transport must come from biofuels by the same date. The new plan turns these goals into national targets. Cue much grumbling, and no doubt months of horse-trading, as the European Commission's recommendations are turned into binding law by national governments and the European Parliament.

Countries with greenery in their veins are being asked to take more of the burden than newer members. Sweden, for example, is being invited to meet 49% of its energy from renewables. At the other end, Malta gets a renewables target of just 10%. It is a similar story when it comes to cutting greenhouse gases: by 2020, Denmark must cut emissions by 20% from 2005 levels; Bulgaria and Romania, the newest members, may let their emissions rise by 20%.

 
EU leadership on climate change will not come cheap. The direct costs alone may be i60 billion ($87 16 billion), or about 0.5% of total EU GDP, by 2020, said the commission's president, José Manuel Barroso. But this is still presented as a bargain compared with the cost of inaction, which Mr. Barroso put at ten times as high. Oh, and leading the world in the fight against climate change need not cost jobs, even in the most heavily polluting branches of heavy industry. “We want to keep our industry in Europe”, insisted Mr. Barroso.

Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

European energy

Energia europeia

The European Union (EU) revealed on January 23rd, 2008, how it plans to save the world. – A União Europeia (UE) revelou em 23 de janeiro de 2008 como planeja salvar o mundo.

A mammoth climate-change plan spells out in detail how much pain each of its 27 members will have to bear if the EU is to meet ambitious targets set by national leaders last March. – Um gigantesco plano para as alterações climáticas descreve em pormenor o sofrimento que cada um dos seus 27 membros terá de suportar se a UE quiser cumprir as metas ambiciosas estabelecidas pelos líderes nacionais em Março passado.

The aim is to cut greenhouse-gas emissions by 2020 by at least a fifth, and more than double to 20% the amount of energy produced from renewable sources such as wind or wave power. – O objetivo é reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito de estufa até 2020 em pelo menos um quinto e mais do dobro, para 20%, da quantidade de energia produzida a partir de fontes renováveis, como a energia eólica ou das ondas.

If fuel from plants proves green enough, 10% of the fuel used in transport must come from biofuels by the same date. – Se o combustível proveniente de plantas se revelar suficientemente verde, 10% do combustível utilizado nos transportes deverá provir de biocombustíveis até a mesma data.

The new plan turns these goals into national targets. – O novo plano transforma essas metas em metas nacionais.

Cue much grumbling, and no doubt months of horse-trading, as the European Commission's recommendations are turned into binding law by national governments and the European Parliament. – São muitas reclamações e, sem dúvida, meses de negociação, à medida que as recomendações da Comissão Europeia são transformadas em lei vinculativa pelos governos nacionais e pelo Parlamento Europeu.

Countries with greenery in their veins are being asked to take more of the burden than newer members. Sweden, for example, is being invited to meet 49% of its energy from renewables. – Os países com vegetação nas veias estão a ser convidados a assumir mais encargos do que os novos membros. A Suécia, por exemplo, está a ser convidada a satisfazer 49% da sua energia a partir de fontes renováveis.

At the other end, Malta gets a renewables target of just 10%. – No extremo oposto, Malta tem um objetivo de apenas 10% de energias renováveis.

It is a similar story when it comes to cutting greenhouse gases: – A história é semelhante no que diz respeito à redução dos gases com efeito de estufa:

by 2020, Denmark must cut emissions by 20% from 2005 levels; Bulgaria and Romania, the newest members, may let their emissions rise by 20%. – até 2020, a Dinamarca deve reduzir as emissões em 20% em relação aos níveis de 2005; a Bulgária e a Roménia, os membros mais recentes, podem deixar as suas emissões aumentar em 20%.

 
EU leadership on climate change will not come cheap. – A liderança da UE em matéria de alterações climáticas não será barata.

The direct costs alone may be i60 billion ($87 16 billion), or about 0.5% of total EU GDP, by 2020, said the commission's president, José Manuel Barroso. – Só os custos diretos poderão ascender a 60 mil milhões de dólares (87,16 mil milhões de dólares), ou cerca de 0,5% do PIB total da UE, até 2020, afirmou o presidente da comissão, José Manuel Barroso.

But this is still presented as a bargain compared with the cost of inaction, which Mr. Barroso put at ten times as high. –  Mas isto continua a ser apresentado como uma pechincha quando comparado com o custo da inação, que Durão Barroso estima ser dez vezes mais elevado.

Oh, and leading the world in the fight against climate change need not cost jobs, even in the most heavily polluting branches of heavy industry. – E liderar o mundo na luta contra as alterações climáticas não tem de custar empregos, mesmo nos sectores mais poluentes da indústria pesada.

“We want to keep our industry in Europe”, insisted Mr. Barroso. – “Queremos manter a nossa indústria na Europa”, insistiu o Sr. Barroso.

01. (CESPE-CEBRASPE-2008-MRE-DIPLOMATA-1ª FASE)

Based on the text, it can be concluded that

(1) the European Union plans to save the world from gas emissions is an easy task.
(2) the targets thought of were set up last year.
(3) greenhouse-gas emissions can be reduced as much as a fifth by 2020 and, along the same period, energy produced from renewable sources should more than double.
(4) “mammoth” (L.1) means huge.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  ECCC 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL & VOCABULÁRIO:

Com base no texto, pode-se concluir que

(1) the European Union plans to save the world from gas emissions is an easy task. – os planos da União Europeia para salvar o mundo das emissões de gases é uma tarefa fácil.
(2) the targets thought of were set up last year. – as metas pensadas foram definidas no ano passado.
(3) greenhouse-gas emissions can be reduced as much as a fifth by 2020 and, along the same period, energy produced from renewable sources should more than double .– as emissões de gases com efeito de estufa podem ser reduzidas até um quinto até 2020 e, durante o mesmo período, a energia produzida a partir de fontes renováveis deverá mais do que duplicar.
(4) “mammoth” (L.1) means huge. – “mammoth” (mamute) significa enorme.

02. (CESPE-CEBRASPE-2008-MRE-DIPLOMATA-1ª FASE)

Considering the text above, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the items below.

(1) 10% of the fuel used in transport ought to come from plants in twelve years’ time.
(2) Newer members are now being requested to place more of the burden on themselves.
(3) National Governments won’t easily endorse the European Commission’s recommendations.
(4) The word “Cue” (L.7) means queue.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  EECE 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

(1) 10% of the fuel used in transport ought to come from plants in twelve years’ time. – 10% do combustível utilizado nos transportes deverá provir de fábricas dentro de doze anos.

(2) Newer members are now being requested to place more of the burden on themselves. – Os novos membros estão agora sendo convidados a assumir mais encargos.
(3) National Governments won’t easily endorse the European Commission’s recommendations. – Os governos nacionais não aprovarão facilmente as recomendações da Comissão Europeia.
(4) The word “Cue” (L.7) means queue. – A palavra “Cue” (L.7) significa fila.

03. (CESPE-CEBRASPE-2008-MRE-DIPLOMATA-1ª FASE)

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items.

(1) The problem with renewables is the same as that of greenhouse gases.
(2) The cost of inaction is ten times as high as the expenses arisen from the climatic control.
(3) The highest polluting offices will have to dismiss their employees.
(4) In the text, “need not cost” (R.18) can be correctly replaced by does not need to cost.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  EXEC 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

(1) The problem with renewables is the same as that of greenhouse gases. – O problema das energias renováveis é o mesmo dos gases com efeito de estufa.

(2) The cost of inaction is ten times as high as the expenses arisen from the climatic control. – O custo da inação é dez vezes maior que os gastos decorrentes do controle climático.

(3) The highest polluting offices will have to dismiss their employees. – Os escritórios mais poluentes terão de despedir os seus empregados.

(4) In the text, “need not cost” (R.18) can be correctly replaced by does not need to cost. – No texto, “need not cost” pode ser corretamente substituído por não precisa custar.

❑ TEXTO 2: Text for questions from 04 through 06.

Two weeks after the Islamists of Hamas toppled the border fence, letting hundreds of thousands of inhabitants of the Gaza Strip spill briefly into Egypt, the situation appears to have returned to what counts as normal. But normal is not good.

Gaza’s 1.5 million people remain besieged, generally unable to leave, and with imports restricted to minimal amounts of staple food and fuel. The Hamas militants who have run Gaza since ousting their secular-minded Fatah rivals last summer have continued to fire rockets and mortars into Israeli towns and farms.

As a possible harbinger of more violence to come, Hamas has also taken again to sending suicide bombers into Israel. In the first such Hamas operation since blowing up two buses in Beersheba in 2004, a pair of suicide bombers, reportedly former inmates of Israeli prisons from Hebron in the West Bank, killed a 73-year-old woman in the southern Israeli town of Dimona on February 4th 2008. Israel responded the same day with new missile attacks, killing nine armed Hamas men.

   
Now, a fortnight since Hamas forces engineered the Gaza break-out, the Egyptian authorities have resealed and reinforced the border, some 12 km (7.5 miles) long, with thick coils of razor wire and hundreds of extra troops; they say they will resist another attempt to knock a hole in it.

Their will was tested this week, when Egyptian security forces clashed with stone-throwing Palestinians.

Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 2:

Two weeks after the Islamists of Hamas toppled the border fence, letting hundreds of thousands of inhabitants of the Gaza Strip spill briefly into Egypt, the situation appears to have returned to what counts as normal. – Duas semanas depois dos islamitas do Hamas terem derrubado a barreira fronteiriça, deixando centenas de milhares de habitantes da Faixa de Gaza entrarem brevemente no Egito, a situação parece ter regressado ao que é considerado normal.

But normal is not good. – Mas o normal não é bom.

Gaza’s 1.5 million people remain besieged, generally unable to leave, and with imports restricted to minimal amounts of staple food and fuel. – Os 1,5 milhões de habitantes de Gaza continuam sitiados, geralmente impossibilitados de sair e com importações limitadas a quantidades mínimas de alimentos básicos e combustível.

The Hamas militants who have run Gaza since ousting their secular-minded Fatah rivals last summer have continued to fire rockets and mortars into Israeli towns and farms. – Os militantes do Hamas, que governam Gaza desde que expulsaram os seus rivais seculares da Fatah no verão passado, continuam a disparar foguetes e morteiros contra cidades e fazendas israelitas.

As a possible harbinger of more violence to come, Hamas has also taken again to sending suicide bombers into Israel. – Como possível prenúncio de mais violência, o Hamas também voltou a enviar bombistas suicidas para Israel.

In the first such Hamas operation since blowing up two buses in Beersheba in 2004, a pair of suicide bombers, reportedly former inmates of Israeli prisons from Hebron in the West Bank, killed a 73-year-old woman in the southern Israeli town of Dimona on February 4th 2008. – Na primeira operação do Hamas desde a explosão de dois ônibus em Beersheba, em 2004, dois homens-bomba, supostamente ex-presidiários de prisões israelenses de Hebron, na Cisjordânia, mataram uma mulher de 73 anos na cidade de Dimona, no sul de Israel. em 4 de fevereiro de 2008.

Israel responded the same day with new missile attacks, killing nine armed Hamas men. – No mesmo dia, Israel respondeu com novos ataques de mísseis, matando nove homens armados do Hamas.

   
Now, a fortnight since Hamas forces engineered the Gaza break-out, the Egyptian authorities have resealed and reinforced the border, some 12 km (7.5 miles) long, with thick coils of razor wire and hundreds of extra troops; they say they will resist another attempt to knock a hole in it. – Agora, quinze dias desde que as forças do Hamas arquitetaram a fuga de Gaza, as autoridades egípcias fecharam e reforçaram a fronteira, com cerca de 12 km (7,5 milhas) de comprimento, com grossos rolos de arame farpado e centenas de tropas adicionais; eles dizem que resistirão a outra tentativa de abrir um buraco nele.

Their will was tested this week, when Egyptian security forces clashed with stone-throwing Palestinians. – A sua vontade foi testada esta semana, quando as forças de segurança egípcias entraram em confronto com palestinos que atiravam pedras.

www.economist.com

04. (CESPE-CEBRASPE-2008-MRE-DIPLOMATA-1ª FASE)

According to the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items.

(1) Gaza’s inhabitants can only have access to basic foods which come from abroad.
(2) The Hamas militants joined the Fatah rivals to fire rockets and mortars into Israeli urban and rural areas.
(3) The most recent Hamas suicide operation resulted in the blowing up of two buses.
(4) The word “harbinger” (L.8) means: a sign that something will happen soon, often something bad.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  XEEC 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL & VOCABULÁRIO:

(1) Gaza’s inhabitants can only have access to basic foods which come from abroad. – Os habitantes de Gaza só podem ter acesso a alimentos básicos provenientes do exterior. (ERRADA)

(2) The Hamas militants joined the Fatah rivals to fire rockets and mortars into Israeli urban and rural areas. – Os militantes do Hamas juntaram-se aos rivais da Fatah para disparar foguetes e morteiros contra as zonas urbanas e rurais israelitas. (ERRADA)

(3) The most recent Hamas suicide operation resulted in the blowing up of two buses. – A mais recente operação suicida do Hamas resultou na explosão de dois ônibus. (ERRADA)

(4) The word “harbinger” (L.8) means: a sign that something will happen soon, often something bad. – A palavra "harbinger” (precursor) significa: sinal de que algo vai acontecer em breve, muitas vezes algo ruim. (CORRETA)

05. (CESPE-CEBRASPE-2008-MRE-DIPLOMATA-1ª FASE)

In accordance with the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the items below.

(1) The two suicide bombers were kept in ordinary prisons.
(2) It took Israel a lot of time to launch a counterattack which killed nine Hamas militants.
(3) After a fortnight period the situation in Gaza Strip seems to have become what can be considered as normal.
(4) In the text, “besieged” (L.4) means surrounded.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  EECC 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL & VOCABULÁRIO:

(1) The two suicide bombers were kept in ordinary prisons. – Os dois homens-bomba foram mantidos em prisões comuns. (ERRADA)

(2) It took Israel a lot of time to launch a counterattack which killed nine Hamas militants. – Israel demorou muito para lançar um contra-ataque que matou nove militantes do Hamas. (ERRADA)

(3) After a fortnight period the situation in Gaza Strip seems to have become what can be considered as normal. – Após um período de duas semanas, a situação na Faixa de Gaza parece ter-se tornado no que pode ser considerado normal. (CORRETA)

(4) In the text, “besieged” (L.4) means surrounded. – No texto, “besieged” (sitiado) significa cercado. (CORRETA)

06. (CESPE-CEBRASPE-2008-MRE-DIPLOMATA-1ª FASE)

Based on the text, it can be deduced that

(1) the Egyptian authorities and Hamas forces both have the same position regarding Egyptian people who want to cross the border to go to Gaza strip.
(2) the border between the Gaza strip and Egypt is about 12 km in length.
(3) a possible title for this article could be: Back to abnormal.
(4) the word “clashed” (R.16) is synonymous with fought, in the context.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  ECCC 
TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA TEXTUAL & VOCABULÁRIO:

Com base no texto, pode-se deduzir que

(1) the Egyptian authorities and Hamas forces both have the same position regarding Egyptian people who want to cross the border to go to Gaza strip. – as autoridades egípcias e as forças do Hamas têm a mesma posição em relação ao povo egípcio que quer atravessar a fronteira para ir para a Faixa de Gaza. (ERRADA)

(2) the border between the Gaza strip and Egypt is about 12 km in length. – a fronteira entre a Faixa de Gaza e o Egito tem cerca de 12 km de extensão. (CORRETA)

(3) a possible title for this article could be: Back to abnormal. – um possível título para este artigo poderia ser: De volta ao anormal. (CORRETA)

(4) the word “clashed” (R.16) is synonymous with fought, in the context. – a palavra "clashed" (chocaram) é sinônimo de lutaram, no contexto. (CORRETA)

❑ TEXTO 3: Text for questions from 07 through 09.

Nationalisation is becoming rather fashionable. State bailouts of banks are all the rage too. There is just one snag: western institutions are not getting their cash from ministers in London or Washington, but from functionaries in Beijing.

While Britain’s chancellor still balks at taking Northern Rock into public ownership, his counterparts in China have no qualms about investing state money in the private sector. This week Beijing bought a 10% stake in the Wall Street blue chip Morgan Stanley; in May it took a slab of the private-equity giant Blackstone. Those two deals, worth just over £4bn, were made by the China Investment Corporation (CIC), a fund set up and run by the government. With over £100bn to burn, it is bound to make more big deals — and big headlines — over the coming year. CIC is one of a new breed of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) created by nations awash with excess cash from exporting goods or oil. Most oil-producing Arab countries have one, as do Russia, Korea and Singapore, and the funds are estimated to be worth a total of a trillion pounds. The logic behind them is simple: if energy-rich Russia is earning around £425m from exports every day, it naturally wants to invest that money for a higher return. But the impact of these new vehicles is far less straightforward, and it has largely been left to economics wonks to worry about them (even now, a Google search for “SWFs” brings up page after page about some graphic-design software). At last, however, they are entering political debate. The IMF is working on a code of conduct for the funds, while the rich nations’ club, the OECD, is coming up with guidelines for recipients. Such users’ manuals have their place, but on their own they are not an adequate answer to the issues raised by SWFs.

At their most basic level, these funds (which are projected to be worth £7.5 trillion within a decade) embody a shift of economic power from Europe and America to China, Russia and elsewhere. They sum up one of the global economy's problems too: the west is consuming far more than it is producing. SWFs are also a new and very different kind of investor.

From The Guardian Weekly, 4/1/2008

(adapted).

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 2:

Nationalisation is becoming rather fashionable. – A nacionalização está se tornando bastante na moda.

State bailouts of banks are all the rage too. – Os resgates estatais aos bancos também estão na moda.

There is just one snag: western institutions are not getting their cash from ministers in London or Washington, but from functionaries in Beijing. – Só há um problema: as instituições ocidentais não recebem o seu dinheiro dos ministros de Londres ou de Washington, mas sim dos funcionários de Pequim.

While Britain’s chancellor still balks at taking Northern Rock into public ownership, his counterparts in China have no qualms about investing state money in the private sector. – Embora o chanceler britânico ainda hesite em tornar o Northern Rock propriedade pública, os seus homólogos na China não têm escrúpulos em investir dinheiro do Estado no sector privado.

This week Beijing bought a 10% stake in the Wall Street blue chip Morgan Stanley; in May it took a slab of the private-equity giant Blackstone. – Esta semana, Pequim comprou uma participação de 10% no Morgan Stanley, blue chip de Wall Street; em maio, tomou uma fatia da gigante de private equity Blackstone.

Those two deals, worth just over £4bn, were made by the China Investment Corporation (CIC), a fund set up and run by the government. – Estes dois negócios, no valor de pouco mais de 4 mil milhões de libras, foram efectuados pela China Investment Corporation (CIC), um fundo criado e gerido pelo governo.

With over £100bn to burn, it is bound to make more big deals — and big headlines — over the coming year. – Com mais de 100 mil milhões de libras para gastar, é provável que faça mais grandes negócios - e grandes manchetes - durante o próximo ano.

CIC is one of a new breed of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) created by nations awash with excess cash from exporting goods or oil. – A CIC faz parte de uma nova geração de fundos soberanos (SWF) criados por nações que têm excesso de dinheiro proveniente da exportação de bens ou de petróleo.

Most oil-producing Arab countries have one, as do Russia, Korea and Singapore, and the funds are estimated to be worth a total of a trillion pounds. – A maioria dos países árabes produtores de petróleo tem um, tal como a Rússia, a Coreia e Singapura, e estima-se que os fundos valham um total de um trilião de libras.

The logic behind them is simple: if energy-rich Russia is earning around £425m from exports every day, it naturally wants to invest that money for a higher return.  – A lógica subjacente é simples: se a Rússia, rica em energia, está a ganhar cerca de 425 milhões de libras com as exportações todos os dias, é natural que queira investir esse dinheiro para obter um rendimento mais elevado.

But the impact of these new vehicles is far less straightforward, and it has largely been left to economics wonks to worry about them (even now, a Google search for “SWFs” brings up page after page about some graphic-design software). – Mas o impacto destes novos veículos é muito menos simples e tem sido largamente deixado aos especialistas em economia preocuparem-se com eles (mesmo agora, uma pesquisa no Google por “SWFs” traz à tona página após página sobre algum software de design gráfico).

At last, however, they are entering political debate. – Mas, finalmente, eles estão entrando no debate político.

The IMF is working on a code of conduct for the funds, while the rich nations’ club, the OECD, is coming up with guidelines for recipients. – O FMI está a elaborar um código de conduta para os fundos, enquanto o clube das nações ricas, a OCDE, está a elaborar orientações para os beneficiários.

Such users’ manuals have their place, but on their own they are not an adequate answer to the issues raised by SWFs. – Esses manuais do utilizador têm o seu lugar, mas por si só não constituem uma resposta adequada às questões levantadas pelos fundos soberanos.

At their most basic level, these funds (which are projected to be worth £7.5 trillion within a decade) embody a shift of economic power from Europe and America to China, Russia and elsewhere. – No seu nível mais básico, estes fundos (que se estima que valham 7,5 biliões de libras dentro de uma década) representam uma mudança de poder económico da Europa e da América para a China, a Rússia e outros lugares.

They sum up one of the global economy's problems too: the west is consuming far more than it is producing. – Resumem também um dos problemas da economia mundial: o Ocidente consome muito mais do que produz.

SWFs are also a new and very different kind of investor. – Os fundos soberanos também são um tipo de investidor novo e muito diferente.

From The Guardian Weekly, 4/1/2008

07. (CESPE-CEBRASPE-2008-MRE-DIPLOMATA-1ª FASE)

According to the text, it can be said that

A) China would never invest money in dubious bargains.
B) CIC spent a lot more than £4bn on Morgan Stanley and Blackstone.
C) most probably, China will put more money in bigger deals.
D) SWFs were created to avoid exporting excess of goods or oil.
E) Russia’s everyday export earnings are saved so as to be better invested in the long run.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

De acordo com o texto, pode-se dizer que

A) China would never invest money in dubious bargains. – A China nunca investiria dinheiro em negócios duvidosos.

B) CIC spent a lot more than £4bn on Morgan Stanley and Blackstone. – A CIC gastou muito mais de £ 4 bilhões no Morgan Stanley e no Blackstone.

C) most probably, China will put more money in bigger deals. – muito provavelmente, a China investirá mais dinheiro em negócios maiores.

D) SWFs were created to avoid exporting excess of goods or oil. – Os fundos soberanos foram criados para evitar a exportação excessiva de bens ou petróleo.
E) Russia’s everyday export earnings are saved so as to be better invested in the long run. – As receitas diárias de exportação da Rússia são poupadas para serem melhor investidas no longo prazo.

08. (CESPE-CEBRASPE-2008-MRE-DIPLOMATA-1ª FASE)

Taking the text into consideration, it can be deduced that

A) the new economic trends have long been IMF concern.
B) OECD issued rules to be followed by recipient countries.
C) the influence of new economic features has almost completely been left to those who work or study too much this subject.
D) SWFs most probably will follow the guidelines established by OECD.
E) the west is producing more than it is consuming, whereas in the east it is the other way.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA TEXTUAL:

Levando em consideração o texto, pode-se deduzir que

A) the new economic trends have long been IMF concern. – as novas tendências econômicas são há muito motivo de preocupação do FMI.
B) OECD issued rules to be followed by recipient countries. – A OCDE emitiu regras a serem seguidas pelos países beneficiários.
C) the influence of new economic features has almost completely been left to those who work or study too much this subject. – a influência das novas características econômicas foi quase totalmente deixada para aqueles que trabalham ou estudam demais esse assunto.
D) SWFs most probably will follow the guidelines established by OECD. – Os fundos soberanos muito provavelmente seguirão as directrizes estabelecidas pela OCDE.
E) the west is producing more than it is consuming, whereas in the east it is the other way. – o Ocidente produz mais do que consome, enquanto no Oriente ocorre o contrário.

09. (CESPE-CEBRASPE-2008-MRE-DIPLOMATA-1ª FASE)

A suitable title for this text can be

A) When Beijing goes lending.
B) When Beijing goes selling.
C) When Beijing goes wasting.
D) When Beijing goes sparing.
E) When Beijing goes buying.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

Um título adequado para este texto pode ser

A) When Beijing goes lending. – Quando Pequim vai emprestar.

B) When Beijing goes selling. – Quando Pequim vai vender.

C) When Beijing goes wasting. – Quando Pequim vai desperdiçar.

D) When Beijing goes sparing. – Quando Pequim vai poupar.

E) When Beijing goes buying. – Quando Pequim vai comprar.