domingo, 23 de agosto de 2020

AFA/CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF/2019 – OFICIAL – LÍNGUA INGLESA – ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA – PROVA COM GABARITO & TEXTO TRADUZIDO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

AFA-2019-CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF-24/06/2018.

www.fab.mil.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

 16 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.
 Texto – | Why do supervillains fascinate us? A psychological perspective  | wired.com |


 TEXTORead the text below and answer questions 01 to 16 according to it.

WHY DO SUPERVILLAINS FASCINATE US?

A PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE 

Why are we fascinated by supervillains? Posing the question is much like asking why evil itself intrigues us, but there's much more to our continued interest in supervillains than meets the eye. Not only do Lex Luthor, Dracula and the Red Skull run unconstrained by conventional morality, they exist outside the limits of reality itself. Their evil, even at its most realistic, retains a touch of the unreal.

But is our fascination with fantastic fiends1 healthy? From a psychological perspective, views vary on what drives our enduring interest in superhuman bad guys.

Shadow confrontation: Psychiatrist Carl Jung believed we need to confront and understand our own hidden nature to grow as human beings. Healthy confrontation with our shadow selves can unearth new strengths (e.g., Bruce Wayne creating his Dark Knight persona to fight crime), whereas unhealthy attempts at confrontation may involve dwelling on or unleashing the worst parts of ourselves.

Wish fulfillment: Sigmund Freud viewed human nature as inherently antisocial, biologically driven by the undisciplined id's pleasure principle to get what we want when we want it – born to be bad but held back by society. Even if the psyche fully develops its ego (source of self-control) and superego (conscience), Freudians say the id still dwells2 underneath, and it wishes for many selfish things – so it would love to be supervillainous.

Hierarchy of needs: Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow held that people who haven't met their most basic needs will have difficulty maturing. If starved for food, you're unlikely to feel secure. If starved for love and companionship, you'll have trouble building self-esteem. People who dwell on their deficits may envy and resent others who have more than they do. Some people who are unable to overcome social shortcomings fantasize about obtaining any means, good or bad, to satisfy every need and greed.

Conditioning: Ivan Pavlov would say we can learn to associate supervillains with other things we value – like entertainment, strength, freedom or the heroes themselves. Behaviorist B.F. Skinner would likely argue that we can find it reinforcing to watch or read about supervillains, but without knowing what's reinforcing about them, that's a bit like saying it's rewarding because it's rewarding. 

Our Motivations for Seeking Out Supervillains 

Throughout history, humans have been captivated by stories of heroes facing off against superhuman foes3 . But what specific rewards, needs, wishes and dark dreams do supervillains satisfy?

Freedom: Superpowered characters enjoy freedoms the rest of us don't. Nobody can arrest Superman unless he lets them (at least not without kryptonite handcuffs). As much time as supervillains spend locked up, they seem to escape as often as they please, to run unconstrained by rules and regulations. Cosplayers who dress like Wonder Woman and Captain America can't do any crazy thing that crosses their minds without seeming to mock and insult our heroes, whereas those dressed as villains get to go wild. Supervillainy feels liberating.

Power: Maybe you envy the power these evil characters wield4 . While that's also a reason to adore superheroes, good guys don't ache to dominate. Stories like Watchmen and Kingdom Come show how heroes become menaces5 when they try to take over. So when dreaming of superpowers, maybe you relate to characters who dream of power as well, from the Scarecrow (who controls individuals' fears) to Doctor Doom (who's perpetually out to dominate the world).

Better villain than victim: Physiologically, anger activates us and feels better than anxiety or fear. One who feels victimized and cannot figure out constructive ways to stand up, be strong or become heroic might twist the need for self-assertion into destruction. Alternately, a healthy person simply might focus on how all characters assert themselves in any given story.

Better villain equals better hero: A hero only appears as heroic as the challenge he or she must overcome. Great heroes require great villains. Without supercriminals, the world's finest heroes seem like overpowered brutes nabbing thugs6 unworthy of them. Through myths, legends and lore across time, we have needed heroes who rise to the occasion, overcome great odds7 and take down giants.

Facing our fears: Instead of dreading the darkness, you might reduce that dread by shining a light and seeing what's out there. Fiction can help us feel empowered and enlightened without literally traipsing into mob hangouts8 and poorly lit alleyways9.

Exploring the unknown: Our need to challenge the unknown has driven the human race to cover the globe. This powerful curiosity makes us wonder about everything that baffles10 us, including the world's worst fiends. Knowledge is power, or at least feels like it. When gritty details repulse us, exploring evil through the filter of fiction can help us contemplate humanity's worst without turning away or dwelling almost voyeuristically on real human tragedy. Even when the fiction is about improbable people doing impossible things, the story's fantastic nature reassures us that this cannot happen – and therefore we don't have to turn away. Supervillains' Ultimate Purpose In the end, our interest in supervillains can be healthy or unhealthy. Even the more maladaptive reasons for such fascination tend to arise from motivations that were originally healthy and natural – frustrated drives that went the wrong way. Remember, though, that superheroic fiction ultimately begins and ends with the heroes. Comic book writers and artists create supervillains, who move in and out as guest stars and supporting cast, first and foremost to reveal how heroic the comics' stars can be.

(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/2012/07/why-do-supervillainsfascinate-us/)

Glossary:

1. fiend – an evil and cruel person

2. to dwell – remain

3. foe – an enemy

4. to wield – influence, use power

5. menace – threat

6. to nab thugs – arrest criminals

7. odds – probability

8. to traipse into mob hangouts – walk among places where gangs, criminals meet

9. poorly lit alleyways – narrow road or path with little light

10. to baffle – confuse somebody completely 

33 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

One of the messages below is mentioned in the text. Mark it. 

(A) We have to face and know ourselves deeply in order to become better.

(B) In fact, we are conditioned to expect more from the heroes.

(C) A psychological study states that people have been intrigued by the question whether we are fiends or not.

(D) Superheroes are empowered despite dominating the world.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Uma das mensagens abaixo é mencionada no texto. Marca-lo. 

(A) We have to face and know ourselves deeply in order to become betterTemos que nos enfrentar e nos conhecer profundamente para nos tornarmos melhores.

(B) In fact, we are conditioned to expect more from the heroes. Na verdade, estamos condicionados a esperar mais dos heróis.

(C) A psychological study states that people have been intrigued by the question whether we are fiends or not. Um estudo psicológico afirma que as pessoas ficaram intrigadas com a questão de saber se somos demônios ou não.

(D) Superheroes are empowered despite dominating the world. Os super-heróis têm poder apesar de dominarem o mundo.

34 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the INCORRECT alternative. 

"[...] there's much more to our continued interest in supervillains than meets the eye."(lines 3 and 4) 

If there’s more to something than meets the eye, it means that 

(A) it’s more difficult to understand.

(B) you are conscious of what is around you.

(C) it involves more things than you thought at the beginning.

(D) the situation is not as simple as it seems to be.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Marque a alternativa INCORRETA.

"[...] there's much more to our continued interest in supervillains than meets the eye."(há muito mais em nosso interesse contínuo em supervilões do que aparenta.) 

Se há mais em algo do que aparenta, isso significa que

(A) it’s more difficult to understand. é mais difícil de entender.

(B) you are conscious of what is around youvocê está consciente do que está ao seu redor.

(C) it involves more things than you thought at the beginning. envolve mais coisas do que você pensava no início.

(D) the situation is not as simple as it seems to be. a situação não é tão simples quanto parece.

35 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"Not only do Lex Luthor, Dracula and the Red Skull run unconstrained by conventional morality [...]".(lines 5 and 6) 

The highlighted word from the sentence above is used 

(A) to perform an action.

(B) as an auxiliary verb of the clause.

(C) to emphasize the verb.

(D) to avoid repeating a verb.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

"Not only do Lex Luthor, Dracula and the Red Skull run unconstrained by conventional morality [...]".(Não apenas Lex Luthor, Drácula e a Caveira Vermelha correm sem restrições pela moralidade convencional) 

A palavra destacada da frase acima é usada

(A) to perform an action. para realizar uma ação.

(B) as an auxiliary verb of the clausecomo verbo auxiliar da oração.

(C) to emphasize the verb. para enfatizar o verbo.

(D) to avoid repeating a verb. para evitar a repetição de um verbo.

36 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the alternative which has the sentence below correctly reported.

"[...] is our fascination with fantastic fiends healthy?"(lines 9 and 10)  

The author 

(A) replied: "is our fascination with fantastic fiends healthy?"

(B) said that their fascination with fantastic fiends had been healthy.

(C) told the readers their fascination with fantastic fiends has been healthy.

(D) asked if people’s fascination with fantastic fiends was healthy.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Assinale a alternativa que tem a frase abaixo relatada corretamente.

"[...] is our fascination with fantastic fiends healthy?"(nosso fascínio por demônios fantásticos é saudável? 

O autor

(A) replied: "is our fascination with fantastic fiends healthy?"

(B) said that their fascination with fantastic fiends had been healthy.

(C) told the readers their fascination with fantastic fiends has been healthy.

(D) asked if people’s fascination with fantastic fiends was healthy.

37 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

According to what drives people's interest in supervillains, the text mentions 

(A) the conscious knowledge that supervillains reinforce things we value (Pavlov and Skinner).

(B) the negative side people need to hide to grow as human beings (Carl Jung).

(C) the undisciplined principle controlled by society (Sigmund Freud).

(D) people’s lack of necessity of food, security and love (Abraham Maslow).

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o que desperta o interesse das pessoas pelos supervilões, o texto menciona

(A) the conscious knowledge that supervillains reinforce things we value (Pavlov and Skinner). o conhecimento consciente de que os supervilões reforçam coisas que valorizamos (Pavlov e Skinner).

(B) the negative side people need to hide to grow as human beings (Carl Jung). o lado negativo que as pessoas precisam esconder para crescerem como seres humanos (Carl Jung).

(C) the undisciplined principle controlled by society (Sigmund Freud). o princípio indisciplinado controlado pela sociedade (Sigmund Freud).

(D) people’s lack of necessity of food, security and love (Abraham Maslow). a falta de necessidade de comida, segurança e amor das pessoas (Abraham Maslow). 

38 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

The sentences below are used in the interrogative form.

Mark the one that is grammatically correct. 

(A) Why does evil itself intrigues us? (lines 2 and 3)

(B) Who run unconstrained by conventional morality? (line 6)

(C) Who exist outside the limits of reality itself? (lines 6 and 7)

(D) What drives our enduring interest in superhuman bad guys? (lines 11 and 12)

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: 

39 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option in which the underlined word makes it clear that the subject and the object are the same. 

(A) [...] they exist outside the limits of reality itself. (lines 6 and 7)

(B) [...] like entertainment, strength, freedom or the heroes themselves. (lines 42 and 43)

(C) [...] become heroic might twist the need for self-assertion into destruction. (lines 76 and 77)

(D) [...] all characters assert themselves in any given story. (line 79)

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: 

40 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

The sentence

"[...] Abraham Maslow held that people who haven't met their most basic needs will have difficulty maturing."(lines 31 and 32)

means the psychologist believes that

(A) if people don’t become mature, they will have trouble meeting their basic needs.

(B) if Abraham Maslow hadn’t met his basic needs, people would have had difficulty maturing.

(C) unless people fulfill their basic necessities, getting mature won’t be easy for them.

(D) unless one gets their basic necessities, they won’t have difficulty maturing.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: 

41 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Identify the option that summarizes the item “freedom” (lines 53 to 63). 

(A) We need to obey rules and regulations that the superpowered characters follow too.

(B) We look for supervillainy in order to feel that we can behave the way we want.

(C) Supervillains shouldn’t insult our heroes.

(D) Nobody can arrest a superhero or a supervillain.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

42 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"[...] Wonder Woman and Captain America can't do any crazy thing [...] whereas those dressed as villains get to go wild."(lines 59 to 63). 

The highlighted word is closest in meaning to 

(A) but.

(B) where.

(C) therefore.

(D) though.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  X 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: 

43 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option in which the sentence is an example of passive voice. 

(A) Sigmund Freud viewed human nature as inherently antisocial, biologically driven by the undisciplined id's pleasure principle. (lines 21 to 23)

(B) People who haven't met their most basic needs will have difficulty maturing. (lines 31 and 32)

(C) Humans have been captivated by stories of heroes facing off against superhuman foes. (lines 49 to 51)

(D) We have needed heroes who rise to the occasion, overcome great odds and take down giants.(lines 85 to 87)

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: 

44 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

In the paragraph

"Better villain equals better hero" (lines 80 to 84),

the author DOESN’T 

(A) make a comparison.

(B) count a number of features.

(C) indicate that something is necessary.

(D) describe characters.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: 

45 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

In the sentence "when gritty details repulse us [...]"(line 98), the underlined word means 

(A) harmful.

(B) unknown.

(C) unpleasant but true.

(D) impossible.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: 

46 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Read the statements below and mark the option that contains the correct ones according to the text. 

I. Vulnerable people may have their self-esteem affected.

II. Everybody is infatuated with antagonists.

III. In a psychological perspective, antiheroes aren’t despised at all by the public.

IV. The author reminds us that funny writers created supervillains stories.

V. We have cherished defeated heroes and victorious antiheroes. 

(A) Only sentences I, II and IV are correct.

(B) Only sentences I and III are correct.

(C) Only sentences II, III and V are correct.

(D) Only sentences IV and V are correct.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: 

47 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

One of the statements below LACKS the content of the text. Mark it. 

(A) Our curiosity makes us wonder what we’ve already understood.

(B) According to the author’s perspective on superheroes, they can be both heroes and fiends.

(C) Heroes depend on villains to succeed.

(D) A part of our unconscious mind would desire to be a villain.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: 

48 – (AFA/CFO-2019-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

The author concludes that

 (A) superheroes have been the supporting cast, not the stars anymore.

(B) our motivations for seeking out supervillains are originally unhealthy.

(C) supervillains are created to prove how heroic and powerful the superheroes are.

(D) comic book writers create supervillains to overcome superheroes.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:
O autor conclui que
(A) superheroes have been the supporting cast, not the stars anymore. os super-heróis têm sido o elenco de apoio, não mais as estrelas.

(B) our motivations for seeking out supervillains are originally unhealthy. nossas motivações para procurar supervilões são originalmente prejudiciais.

(C) supervillains are created to prove how heroic and powerful the superheroes are. supervilões são criados para provar o quão heróicos e poderosos são os super-heróis.

(D) comic book writers create supervillains to overcome superheroes. os escritores de quadrinhos criam supervilões para superar os super-heróis.

Nenhum comentário:

Postar um comentário