- Texto (1) – | Theater of war | The Economist |
- Texto (2) – | Perfect lie | Prospect |
- 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) | Five-Option Question |
❑ TEXTO 1: Texto para as perguntas de 1 a 7.
Theater of war
On April 12th 2014 Igor Girkin, a former Russian military officer also known as “Strelkov” (“Shooter”), sneaked across the border into Ukraine’s Donbas region with a few dozen men and took control of the small town of Sloviansk, igniting Europe’s bloodiest war since the 1990s. To create the impression of strength, Mr Girkin, an aficionado of historical battlefield re-enactments, masqueraded as a member of Russia’s special forces, and had his men drive two armoured personnel carriers around every night to simulate a large build-up. In fact, his army never exceeded 600 men, mainly Cossacks and war-hungry opportunists like himself.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
Having just lost Crimea and lacking a functioning government or military command after the Maidan revolution, Ukraine was stunned. As Russia massed its forces on the border with Ukraine, most observers (and participants such as Mr Girkin) expected a swift invasion followed by annexation. Instead, the Kremlin created an ersatz [falsificada] civil war, absurdly portraying the Kiev government as a “fascist” regime and the separatists as freedom fighters. As the Ukrainian army moved in to try to retake Donbas, Mr Girkin and his fighters took up positions in a psychiatric hospital on the outskirts of Sloviansk, using its patients as human shields.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
Today, the ruined psychiatric hospital, resembling a scene out of the battle of Stalingrad, is a symbol of the madness of an essentially theatrical conflict that has cost 10,000 lives and displaced more than 1.7 million people. Yet officially, Russia and Ukraine are not at war. They maintain diplomatic relations and trade with each other. Ukraine has euphemistically designated the conflict zone an area of “anti-terrorist operations.” Most of the people caught up in the war do not care who started it, or what they call it.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
“I am against everyone,” says Lyudmila Prikhodko, who lives in a restored building among the hospital’s ruins. (The names of civilians in the conflict zone have been changed.) An engineer, Ms Prikhodko was forced to flee Donetsk after refusing to support the self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic (DNR). She feels equally alienated from Russia and Ukraine. “DNR treats people like me as enemies. Ukraine sees us as potential separatists.”
[5º PARÁGRAFO]
[5º PARÁGRAFO]
On paper, there is no border between the two parts of Ukraine. In practice, there are several frontier control points, manned by border guards and customs officials and crossed by those who live in the separatist territories but must work, receive pensions or handle bureaucratic problems on the Ukrainian side. Andrei Borisov, a smuggler who carries food, cigarettes and pesticides from Ukrainian territory across the line of control, says everyone is in on the business: customs officers, local officials and separatists on the other side.
- Adapted from The Economist , May 24th 2017.
01 – Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) On April 12th 2014, a Russian military officer led Russian army troops in a secret invasion of Ukraine’s Donbas region.
(B) Under the cover of night, Igor Girkin and a handful of Russian troops defeated 600 Ukrainian army soldiers in the first battle for control of the Donbas region.
(C) Igor Girkin resorted to tricks in an attempt to make his small armed group look more powerful than it really was.
(D) A series of accidents and coincidences turned what had been intended as a quick, surgical Russian military operation into Europe’s bloodiest war of this century.
(E) Most of the men in Igor Girkin’s invading army are neither Russian nor Ukrainian.
(B) Under the cover of night, Igor Girkin and a handful of Russian troops defeated 600 Ukrainian army soldiers in the first battle for control of the Donbas region.
(C) Igor Girkin resorted to tricks in an attempt to make his small armed group look more powerful than it really was.
(D) A series of accidents and coincidences turned what had been intended as a quick, surgical Russian military operation into Europe’s bloodiest war of this century.
(E) Most of the men in Igor Girkin’s invading army are neither Russian nor Ukrainian.
• Gabarito C
Z
__Gabarito: (C)__
02 – According to the information in the article,
(A) Because Ukraine lost Crimea, it was unable to make an effective military response to Igor Girkin’s offensive in the Donbas region.
(B) Many people were surprised when Russia did not attempt to take the Donbas region for itself.
(C) By misinterpreting the meaning of Igor Girkin's offensive in the Donbas region, Russia’s government made a major war there inevitable.
(D) Russian massed its troops on its Ukrainian border as a means of guaranteeing the Donbas region’s recently acquired independence.
(E) By exposing the Ukrainian government's fascist ideology, Russia helped the Donbas separatists gain international support.
(B) Many people were surprised when Russia did not attempt to take the Donbas region for itself.
(C) By misinterpreting the meaning of Igor Girkin's offensive in the Donbas region, Russia’s government made a major war there inevitable.
(D) Russian massed its troops on its Ukrainian border as a means of guaranteeing the Donbas region’s recently acquired independence.
(E) By exposing the Ukrainian government's fascist ideology, Russia helped the Donbas separatists gain international support.
• Gabarito B
Z
__Gabarito: (B)__
03 – According to the information in the article, when Ukrainian troops attempted to regain control of the Donbas region,
(A) patients at a psychiatric hospital were forced into a life-threatening situation.
(B) they were careful not to provoke elements of the Russian army stationed near Sloviansk.
(C) Igor Girkin and his soldiers retaliated by destroying a psychiatric hospital near Sloviansk.
(D) the only opposition came from rebels that had occupied an abandoned psychiatric hospital.
(E) at first they concentrated their firepower in the area around Sloviansk.
(B) they were careful not to provoke elements of the Russian army stationed near Sloviansk.
(C) Igor Girkin and his soldiers retaliated by destroying a psychiatric hospital near Sloviansk.
(D) the only opposition came from rebels that had occupied an abandoned psychiatric hospital.
(E) at first they concentrated their firepower in the area around Sloviansk.
• Gabarito A
Z
__Gabarito: (A)__
04 – The article most likely refers to the armed conflict in the Donbas region as “essentially theatrical” for all of the following reasons except
(A) the violence that has supposedly displaced nearly 2 million people has in fact killed only 10,000 people.
(B) although Russia and Ukraine are clearly involved in some kind of potentially deadly conflict, neither has actually declared war against the other.
(C) Russia and Ukraine have cut off neither diplomatic nor trade relations with each other.
(D) the man responsible for actually starting the Donbas conflict falsely presented himself as a member of a Russian military unit.
(E) when Russia had a real chance to invade and annex the Donbas region, it instead promoted in that region a kind of fake “civil war”.
(C) Russia and Ukraine have cut off neither diplomatic nor trade relations with each other.
(D) the man responsible for actually starting the Donbas conflict falsely presented himself as a member of a Russian military unit.
(E) when Russia had a real chance to invade and annex the Donbas region, it instead promoted in that region a kind of fake “civil war”.
• Gabarito A
Z
__Gabarito: (A)__
05 – With respect to Lyudmila Prikhodko, the article supports all of the following except
(A) she does not actively favor any of the armed groups involved in the Donbas conflict.
(B) Lyudmila Prikhodko is not her real name.
(C) where she is now living was probably damaged during the fighting around Sloviansk.
(D) because of the terrible things that happened to her, she is actively working against the Donetsk People’s Republic.
(E) she feels little connection to either Russia or Ukraine.
(B) Lyudmila Prikhodko is not her real name.
(C) where she is now living was probably damaged during the fighting around Sloviansk.
(D) because of the terrible things that happened to her, she is actively working against the Donetsk People’s Republic.
(E) she feels little connection to either Russia or Ukraine.
• Gabarito D
Z
__Gabarito: (D)__
06 – In paragraph 5, the sentence “On paper, there is no border between the two parts of Ukraine” most likely refers to which of the following?
(A) Russia and Ukraine are still trying to reach a negotiated settlement to the armed conflict in the Donbas region.
(B) Despite issuing propaganda to the contrary, Russia wants to make sure that Ukraine stays united.
(C) Because of the armed conflict in Ukraine’s Donbas region, crossing the border between that territory and the rest of Ukraine has become a bureaucratic nightmare.
(D) The border between the parts of Ukraine has been deliberately kept vague and porous in order to facilitate corruption.
(E) Although some people are fighting to separate one part of Ukraine permanently from the other, such a separation has not yet been officially recognized.
(B) Despite issuing propaganda to the contrary, Russia wants to make sure that Ukraine stays united.
(C) Because of the armed conflict in Ukraine’s Donbas region, crossing the border between that territory and the rest of Ukraine has become a bureaucratic nightmare.
(D) The border between the parts of Ukraine has been deliberately kept vague and porous in order to facilitate corruption.
(E) Although some people are fighting to separate one part of Ukraine permanently from the other, such a separation has not yet been officially recognized.
• Gabarito E
In paragraph 5, the sentence “On paper, there is no border between the two parts of Ukraine” most likely refers to which of the following?
No parágrafo 5, a frase "No papel, não há fronteira entre as duas partes da Ucrânia" refere-se provavelmente a qual das seguintes opções?
(A) Russia and Ukraine are still trying to reach a negotiated settlement to the armed conflict in the Donbas region.
A Rússia e a Ucrânia ainda estão a tentar chegar a uma solução negociada para o conflito armado na região do Donbass.
(B) Despite issuing propaganda to the contrary, Russia wants to make sure that Ukraine stays united.
Apesar da propaganda em contrário, a Rússia quer garantir que a Ucrânia se mantém unida.
(C) Because of the armed conflict in Ukraine’s Donbas region, crossing the border between that territory and the rest of Ukraine has become a bureaucratic nightmare.
Devido ao conflito armado na região do Donbass, na Ucrânia, a passagem da fronteira entre este território e o resto da Ucrânia tornou-se um pesadelo burocrático.
(D) The border between the parts of Ukraine has been deliberately kept vague and porous in order to facilitate corruption.
A fronteira entre as partes da Ucrânia foi deliberadamente mantida vaga e porosa para facilitar a corrupção.
(E) Although some people are fighting to separate one part of Ukraine permanently from the other, such a separation has not yet been officially recognized.
Embora algumas pessoas estejam lutando para separar permanentemente uma parte da Ucrânia da outra, tal separação ainda não foi oficialmente reconhecida.
07 – According to Andrei Borisov in paragraph 5, what do “customs officers, local officials and separatists on the other side” all have in common?
(A) They eagerly buy his contraband goods, such as food, cigarettes and pesticides.
(B) Despite the armed conflict in the Donbas region, they are working together to keep the daily government bureaucracy on both sides functioning.
(B) Despite the armed conflict in the Donbas region, they are working together to keep the daily government bureaucracy on both sides functioning.
(C) Without exception, they are all in one way or another working with contraband.
(D) Andrei Borisov pays all of them so that he can bring contraband goods into the Donbas region.
(E) Although they are all working in some area of government, none of them has any loyalty to any side in the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
(D) Andrei Borisov pays all of them so that he can bring contraband goods into the Donbas region.
(E) Although they are all working in some area of government, none of them has any loyalty to any side in the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
• Gabarito C
According to Andrei Borisov in paragraph 5, what do “customs officers, local officials and separatists on the other side” all have in common?
De acordo com Andrei Borisov no parágrafo 5, o que têm em comum os “funcionários alfandegários, as autoridades locais e os separatistas do outro lado”?
(A) They eagerly buy his contraband goods, such as food, cigarettes and pesticides.
Compram avidamente os seus produtos contrabandeados, como alimentos, cigarros e pesticidas.
(B) Despite the armed conflict in the Donbas region, they are working together to keep the daily government bureaucracy on both sides functioning.
Apesar do conflito armado na região do Donbass, trabalham em conjunto para manter a burocracia governamental diária de ambos os lados a funcionar.
(C) Without exception, they are all in one way or another working with contraband.
Sem exceção, todos, de uma forma ou de outra, trabalham com contrabando.
(D) Andrei Borisov pays all of them so that he can bring contraband goods into the Donbas region.
Andrei Borisov paga a todos eles para que possa trazer produtos contrabandeados para a região de Donbass.
(E) Although they are all working in some area of government, none of them has any loyalty to any side in the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
Embora todos trabalhem em alguma área do governo, nenhum deles tem lealdade a qualquer dos lados no conflito Rússia-Ucrânia.
• TEXTO 2:
Perfect lie
By Anna Blundy
1 It was as though he was sitting in the consulting room with us, a golden figure of male beauty, intelligent sensitivity, sparkling wit and an endless capacity for good. This was established by my patient as a stark contrast to all her multitudinous failings. “I don’t deserve him,” she said, twisting a tissue in her bitten fingers, legs tucked meekly under her chair. She began (again) to detail her repulsiveness and stupidity.2 She met this Adonis at university where he excelled at everything. Strangely enough, he liked her and they began a relationship that made her feel inadequate. “He’s just so good socially. Really funny and chatty,” she explained. “I know people look at us and wonder why he’s with me,” she added.
3 I was supposed to nod and understand that it must be very painful to be so ugly and crap while he is so perfect. Did I mention that he is multilingual and that his strong eco-credentials will, sooner rather than later, save the world? Sitting there looking at this crushed girl, I really started to hate this guy. “He says he can’t put up with my depression much longer. He says it’s embarrassing.” Our Adonis was constantly going to Norway for long stretches. “There was a girl who liked him, but nothing happened,” she said, eyes pleading.
4 Two years into our once-a-week sessions, my patient looks very different. She meets my gaze, smiles, is dressed less like a five-year-old and more like a 30-year-old, and is struggling with her now husband. “He’s such a show off. He dominates conversations so nobody else can say anything,” she tells me, describing an excruciating evening at an Indian restaurant. She is exasperated by his bullying at home, always shouting about her incompetent recycling, her use of the central heating and her not switching lights off (when she is actually in the room). While her job in publishing is going well, he is currently out of work, the eco-start up thing that he was involved with didn’t start up.
5 I won’t go into detail about her psychotherapy journey, but she is a favourite in my supervision group because she is funny and insightful, desperate to get out of depression, initially to please her Adonis, but ultimately for herself. She’d chosen someone she felt was her superior in order to prove her lack of self-worth and was re-enacting a miserable childhood in which she was always ignored in favour of (and also by) a golden brother.
6 But now what? I’ve often heard anti-therapy types complain that therapists turn couples against each other, that if one party is in therapy the marriage is doomed. I suspect this is often true—an unhappy person is often unhappy specifically in their relationship. But this relationship was based purely on fantasy. My patient had ludicrously idealised an ordinary guy and he liked it (as it fed his narcissism). She was unable to know the real person, seeing only the glittering fantasy that revealed her own worthlessness. Once she’d recovered her reality-testing, withdrawn her colossal projections of perfection into him, and was more able to see the world as it is, the rose-coloured veil slipped away and she is left with a man as flawed as any other: as flawed as herself.
7 Since she didn’t choose him clear-sightedly, she didn’t choose him at all. She chose a fantasy. Though reality has allowed her to accept herself, she’s now going to have to accept or reject him, without the auriferous sheen [brilho].
Adapted from Prospect, June 2017.
08 – In paragraph 1, “he” in the phrase “It was as though he was sitting in the consulting room with us” most likely refers to the
(A) kind of boyfriend that could truly love the therapy patient.
(B) idealized version of the therapy patient’s boyfriend.
(C) wonderful boyfriend that was ready to abandon the therapy patient.
(D) kind of boyfriend the therapy patient believed she would never have.
(E) boyfriend that the therapy patient had rejected because of her low self-esteem.
(B) idealized version of the therapy patient’s boyfriend.
(C) wonderful boyfriend that was ready to abandon the therapy patient.
(D) kind of boyfriend the therapy patient believed she would never have.
(E) boyfriend that the therapy patient had rejected because of her low self-esteem.
• Gabarito B
Z
__Gabarito: (B)__
09 – In paragraph 2, when the author writes “Strangely enough, he liked her and they began a relationship that made her feel inadequate,” she is most likely trying to
(A) show how destructive modern relationships can be.
(B) express her belief that the therapy patient should never have started dating her boyfriend.
(C) illustrate how a bad relationship can destroy a person’s selfconfidence.
(D) explain how her therapy patient’s low self-esteem ruined what could have been a good relationship.
(E) comment ironically on the unrealistic opinion that the therapy patient had of her boyfriend and of herself.
(B) express her belief that the therapy patient should never have started dating her boyfriend.
(C) illustrate how a bad relationship can destroy a person’s selfconfidence.
(D) explain how her therapy patient’s low self-esteem ruined what could have been a good relationship.
(E) comment ironically on the unrealistic opinion that the therapy patient had of her boyfriend and of herself.
• Gabarito E
Z
__Gabarito: (E)__
10 – According to the information in the article, the boyfriend of the therapy patient
(A) often stayed away from her for extended periods of time.
(B) was embarrassed by her fierce devotion.
(C) stayed with her because he knew he could manipulate and dominate her.
(D) had no idea of what he was getting into when he starting dating her.
(E) distorted or exaggerated the important facts about his life when he first met her.
(B) was embarrassed by her fierce devotion.
(C) stayed with her because he knew he could manipulate and dominate her.
(D) had no idea of what he was getting into when he starting dating her.
(E) distorted or exaggerated the important facts about his life when he first met her.
• Gabarito A
Z
__Gabarito: (A)__
11 – In paragraph 4, the phrase “dressed less like a five-year-old and more like a 30-year-old” most likely refers to which of the following?
(A) The therapy patient is still struggling to find her own unique sense of style.
(B) The therapy patient’s changed way of dressing is evidence that she is responding positively to her therapy sessions.
(C) The therapy patient’s new husband has been helping her to act in a more mature way.
(D) The therapy patient now dresses to please herself rather than to please her husband.
(E) Getting out of a destructive relationship has helped the therapy patient become a mature, responsible woman.
(B) The therapy patient’s changed way of dressing is evidence that she is responding positively to her therapy sessions.
(C) The therapy patient’s new husband has been helping her to act in a more mature way.
(D) The therapy patient now dresses to please herself rather than to please her husband.
(E) Getting out of a destructive relationship has helped the therapy patient become a mature, responsible woman.
• Gabarito B
Z
__Gabarito: (B)__
12 – According to the information in the article, nowadays one ironic factor in the life of the therapy patient is the fact that although
(A) her husband constantly mistreats her, she still believes he is perfect.
(B) her husband really does dominate many conversations, most people love what he has to say.
(C) she had considered her husband far superior to herself, his professional life is going badly while hers is going well.
(D) she and her husband have been together for only a short time, she already regards him as mediocre.
(B) her husband really does dominate many conversations, most people love what he has to say.
(C) she had considered her husband far superior to herself, his professional life is going badly while hers is going well.
(D) she and her husband have been together for only a short time, she already regards him as mediocre.
(E) her husband works in the environmental area, he does so for money rather than because of any strong sense of idealism.
• Gabarito C
Z
__Gabarito: (C)__
13 – With respect to the therapy patient, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) If she had been happy in her childhood, she would be happy in her current marriage.
(B) Therapy helped her to understand that no one had ever truly loved her.
(C) She believed that making an exceptional man love her would somehow solve the problems of her childhood.
(D) Even her decision to go into therapy could be seen as an example of her tendency to give herself little consideration.
(E) Although she had only one brother, she was never close to him but rather considered him a rival and an enemy.
(B) Therapy helped her to understand that no one had ever truly loved her.
(C) She believed that making an exceptional man love her would somehow solve the problems of her childhood.
(D) Even her decision to go into therapy could be seen as an example of her tendency to give herself little consideration.
(E) Although she had only one brother, she was never close to him but rather considered him a rival and an enemy.
• Gabarito D
Z
__Gabarito: (D)__
14 – According to the information in the article,
(A) because she believed that she deserved to suffer, the therapy patient deliberately entered what she knew would be a destructive relationship.
(B) experience teaches therapists that modern male-female relationships are inherently exploitative.
(C) no relationship based on fantasy can ever make anyone happy.
(D) in general, the boyfriend (now husband) of the therapy patient was happy with her unrealistic opinion of him.
(E) the therapy patient subconsciously believed that being involved with a truly superior man would mean that she herself was superior.
(B) experience teaches therapists that modern male-female relationships are inherently exploitative.
(C) no relationship based on fantasy can ever make anyone happy.
(D) in general, the boyfriend (now husband) of the therapy patient was happy with her unrealistic opinion of him.
(E) the therapy patient subconsciously believed that being involved with a truly superior man would mean that she herself was superior.
• Gabarito D
According to the information in the article,
(A) because she believed that she deserved to suffer, the therapy patient deliberately entered what she knew would be a destructive relationship.
(B) experience teaches therapists that modern male-female relationships are inherently exploitative.
(C) no relationship based on fantasy can ever make anyone happy.
(D) in general, the boyfriend (now husband) of the therapy patient was happy with her unrealistic opinion of him.
(E) the therapy patient subconsciously believed that being involved with a truly superior man would mean that she herself was superior.
(B) experience teaches therapists that modern male-female relationships are inherently exploitative.
(C) no relationship based on fantasy can ever make anyone happy.
(D) in general, the boyfriend (now husband) of the therapy patient was happy with her unrealistic opinion of him.
(E) the therapy patient subconsciously believed that being involved with a truly superior man would mean that she herself was superior.
15 – According to the information in the article, which of the following is most likely a question that the therapy patient must now face?
(A) Considering all of the suffering that she has endured, how can she really know the true character of her husband?
(B) Considering that she married a perfect fantasy rather than a flawed human being, how should she deal with that fantasy?
(C) If she terminates therapy, what will happen if she reverts to her old, self-destructive habits?
(D) Can she survive in a relationship with a normal, imperfect human being?
(E) Now that she has a realistic relationship with herself, will she want to maintain a relationship with her husband?
(B) Considering that she married a perfect fantasy rather than a flawed human being, how should she deal with that fantasy?
(C) If she terminates therapy, what will happen if she reverts to her old, self-destructive habits?
(D) Can she survive in a relationship with a normal, imperfect human being?
(E) Now that she has a realistic relationship with herself, will she want to maintain a relationship with her husband?
• Gabarito E
According to the information in the article, which of the following is most likely a question that the therapy patient must now face?
De acordo com a informação do artigo, qual das seguintes opções é mais provável que a doente em terapia deva enfrentar agora?
(A) Considering all of the suffering that she has endured, how can she really know the true character of her husband?
Considerando todo o sofrimento que suportou, como pode realmente conhecer o verdadeiro carácter do marido?
(B) Considering that she married a perfect fantasy rather than a flawed human being, how should she deal with that fantasy?
Considerando que se casou com um ser humano perfeito e não com um ser humano imperfeito, como deve lidar com esta fantasia?
(C) If she terminates therapy, what will happen if she reverts to her old, self-destructive habits?
Se ela terminar a terapia, o que acontecerá se voltar aos seus antigos hábitos autodestrutivos?
(D) Can she survive in a relationship with a normal, imperfect human being?
Conseguirá ela sobreviver numa relação com um ser humano normal e imperfeito?
(E) Now that she has a realistic relationship with herself, will she want to maintain a relationship with her husband?
Agora que tem uma relação realista consigo própria, desejará manter uma relação com o marido?
