MACKENZIE–2019–1º SEMESTRE–GRUPOS (I - IV - V - VI)

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE-SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-GRUPOS (I - IV - V - VI)-APLICAÇÃO 05/12/18.

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❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 7 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | What Is Lost When a Museum Vanishes? In Brazil, a Nation's Story | The New York Times |
• Texto (2) – | What is Philosophy for? | http://thephilosophersmail.com |
• Texto (3) – | Calvin and Hobbes | fanpop.com |

❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text below and answer questions 12, 13 and 14:

What Is Lost When a Museum Vanishes?

In Brazil, a Nation's Story

By Michael Kimmelman

 
Ash is still blowing through the park surrounding Brazil's National Museum, which continues to tally its losses. According to the deputy director at the museum, a 200-year-old Rio de Janeiro institution, the fire that burned down much of the building two weeks ago may have consumed 90 percent of the collection.

That's thousands, maybe millions, of objects —incomprehensible numbers.

It's always easier to think in smaller terms, specific examples. The museum preserved documentation of indigenous languages for which there are no longer any living native speakers, as The New York Times has reported. Every one of those records apparently went up in smoke, taking with it a culture, a civilization, the story of a life, a chapter of us.

Because that's what museums like the National Museum ultimately do. They piece together the narrative of who we are, where we come from, where we belong — in the universe, on this planet, as nations, communities, individuals.
(…)

But during recent years, residents have watched government officials funnel billions toward the Olympics, the World Cup and projects like Santiago Calatrava’s Museum of Tomorrow, ignoring public services and bedrock institutions like the National Museum, whose cash-starved curators, even before the fire, became so desperate that they took to crowdsourcing funds to repair tattered displays.

Writing in the newspaper El País, Washington Fajardo, an architect and planner from Rio, described Brazil as “a happy prisoner of modernity.” His point: The country’s political and business leaders, grasping and reckless, have fixated on projecting Brazil as a global front-runner and neglected the country’s cultural patrimony.
(…)

Adapted version from

The New York Times, September, 2018. 

❑ TEXTO 1:

What Is Lost When a Museum Vanishes?

In Brazil, a Nation's Story

O que se perde quando um museu desaparece?

No Brasil, a história de uma nação

Ash is still blowing through the park surrounding Brazil's National Museum, which continues to tally its losses.

Cinza ainda está soprando pelo parque ao redor do Museu Nacional do Brasil, que continua contabilizando suas perdas.

• "to tally" - contar, contabilizar,

According to the deputy director at the museum, a 200-year-old Rio de Janeiro institution, the fire that burned down much of the building two weeks ago may have consumed 90 percent of the collection.

Segundo o vice-diretor do museu, instituição carioca com 200 anos, o incêndio que queimou grande parte do prédio há duas semanas pode ter consumido 90% do acervo.

• "the deputy director" - o vice-diretor.
• 

That's thousands, maybe millions, of objects — incomprehensible numbers.

São milhares, talvez milhões, de objetos — números incompreensíveis.

• "That's thousands, maybe millions," - São milhares, talvez milhões,

It's always easier to think in smaller terms, specific examples.

É sempre mais fácil pensar em termos menores, em exemplos específicos.

The museum preserved documentation of indigenous languages for which there are no longer any living native speakers, as The New York Times has reported.

O museu preservou documentação de línguas indígenas para as quais não existem mais falantes nativos vivos, como noticiou o The New York Times.

Every one of those records apparently went up in smoke, taking with it a culture, a civilization, the story of a life, a chapter of us.

Cada um desses discos aparentemente virou fumaça, levando consigo uma cultura, uma civilização, a história de uma vida, um capítulo nosso.

• "went up in smoke" - virou fumaça.

Because that's what museums like the National Museum ultimately do.

Porque é isso que museus como o Museu Nacional fazem.

They piece together the narrative of who we are, where we come from, where we belong — in the universe, on this planet, as nations, communities, individuals.

Eles reúnem a narrativa de quem somos, de onde viemos, a que lugar pertencemos — no universo, neste planeta, como nações, comunidades, indivíduos.

But during recent years, residents have watched government officials funnel billions toward the Olympics, the World Cup and projects like Santiago Calatrava’s Museum of Tomorrow, ignoring public services and bedrock institutions like the National Museum, whose cash-starved curators, even before the fire, became so desperate that they took to crowdsourcing funds to repair tattered displays.

Mas durante os últimos anos, os moradores viram funcionários do governo canalizarem bilhões para as Olimpíadas, a Copa do Mundo e projetos como o Museu do Amanhã, de Santiago Calatrava, ignorando os serviços públicos e instituições fundamentais como o Museu Nacional, cujos curadores famintos de dinheiro, mesmo antes do incêndio, ficaram tão desesperados que recorreram a crowdsourcing de fundos para reparar displays esfarrapados.

• "funnel billions" - canalizarem bilhões.
• "bedrock institutions" - instituições fundamentais.
• "cash-starved curators" - curadores famintos de dinheiro.

Writing in the newspaper El País, Washington Fajardo, an architect and planner from Rio, described Brazil as “a happy prisoner of modernity.”

Escrevendo no jornal El País, Washington Fajardo, arquiteto e urbanista carioca, descreveu o Brasil como “um feliz prisioneiro da modernidade”.

His point: The country’s political and business leaders, grasping and reckless, have fixated on projecting Brazil as a global front-runner and neglected the country’s cultural patrimony.

O seu ponto de vista: os líderes políticos e empresariais do país, gananciosos e imprudentes, fixaram-se em projetar o Brasil como um líder global e negligenciaram o patrimônio cultural do país.

• "grasping and reckless" - gananciosos e imprudentes.

12 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) According to the text, select the alternative that is INCORRECT:

a) 90% of the museum collection was lost.
b) Documents that preserved dead indigenous languages were lost.
c) One of the functions of a museum is to provide citizens the history of their culture.
d) The Museum of Tomorrow is also suffering the consequences of lack of funds in Rio.
e) The government is using residents’ money in events such as the Olympics and the World Cup.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o texto, selecione a alternativa que está INCORRETA:

a) 90% of the museum collection was lost.

90% da coleção do museu foi perdida.
b) Documents that preserved dead indigenous languages were lost.

Documentos que preservaram línguas indígenas mortas foram perdidos.
c) One of the functions of a museum is to provide citizens the history of their culture.

Uma das funções de um museu é fornecer aos cidadãos a história de sua cultura.
d) The Museum of Tomorrow is also suffering the consequences of lack of funds in Rio.

O Museu do Amanhã também está sofrendo as consequências da falta de recursos no Rio.
e) The government is using residents’ money in events such as the Olympics and the World Cup.

O governo está usando o dinheiro dos moradores em eventos como as Olimpíadas e a Copa do Mundo.

13 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) In the text, Washington Fajardo, an architect in Rio, asserts that:

a) Authorities in Brazil are so interested in leading the country to modernity that they forget the past.
b) Authorities are worried about the country’s cultural patrimony.
c) The prisons in Brazil are planned and modern.
d) Modernity is concerning the Brazilian government.
e) Government and business leaders don’t agree on projecting Brazil to the world.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

No texto, Washington Fajardo, arquiteto no Rio, afirma que:

a) Authorities in Brazil are so interested in leading the country to modernity that they forget the past.

As autoridades brasileiras estão tão interessadas em levar/conduzir o país à modernidade que elas se esquecem do passado.
b) Authorities are worried about the country’s cultural patrimony.

As autoridades estão preocupadas com o patrimônio cultural do país.
c) The prisons in Brazil are planned and modern.

As prisões no Brasil são planejadas e modernas.
d) Modernity is concerning the Brazilian government.

A modernidade diz respeito ao governo brasileiro.
e) Government and business leaders don’t agree on projecting Brazil to the world. 

O governo e os líderes empresariais não concordam em projetar o Brasil para o mundo.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...] Writing in the newspaper El País, Washington Fajardo, an architect and planner from Rio, described Brazil as “a happy prisoner of modernity.” His point: The country’s political and business leaders, grasping and reckless, have fixated on projecting Brazil as a global front-runner and neglected the country’s cultural patrimony." 
• Escrevendo no jornal El País, Washington Fajardo, arquiteto e urbanista carioca, descreveu o Brasil como “um feliz prisioneiro da modernidade”. O seu ponto de vista: os líderes políticos e empresariais do país, gananciosos e imprudentes, fixaram-se em projetar o Brasil como um líder global e negligenciaram o patrimônio cultural do país.

14 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) Look at the following sentence transcribed from the text and choose the alternative that best explains it:

• "(…), whose cash-starved curators, even before the fire, became so desperate that they took to crowdsourcing funds to repair tattered displays."

a) Curators were only asking money for the government to repair the museum.
b) After the fire, curators tried different paths to raise money to repair the museum.
c) Curators were so desperate that they tried other possibilities of raising money, such as crowdsourcing funds.
d) Curators intended to replace the old displays.
e) Even before the fire, curators were desperate with the crowded museum.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Look at the following sentence transcribed from the text and choose the alternative that best explains it:

"(…), whose cash-starved curators, even before the fire, became so desperate that they took to crowdsourcing funds to repair tattered displays."

a) Curators were only asking money for the government to repair the museum.

Os curadores só pediam dinheiro para o governo reparar o museu.
b) After the fire, curators tried different paths to raise money to repair the museum.

Depois do incêndio, os curadores tentaram caminhos diferentes para arrecadar dinheiro para consertar o museu.
c) Curators were so desperate that they tried other possibilities of raising money, such as crowdsourcing funds.

Os curadores estavam tão desesperados que tentaram outras possibilidades de angariar/levantar dinheiro, tais como financiamento coletivo.
d) Curators intended to replace the old displays.

Curadores destinados a substituir os antigos displays.
e) Even before the fire, curators were desperate with the crowded museum.

Mesmo antes do incêndio, os curadores estavam desesperados com o museu lotado.

❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text below and answer questions 15, 16 and 17:

What is Philosophy for?

From a distance, philosophy seems weird, irrelevant, boring – and yet also just a little intriguing. But what are philosophers really for? The answer is helpfully already contained in the word ‘philosophy’ itself: in Ancient Greek, philo means love and sophia means wisdom. Philosophers are people who are devoted to wisdom. Being wise means attempting to live – and die – well. In the pursuit of wisdom, philosophers have developed a very specific skill set: they have over the centuries become experts in many of the things that make people not very wise. Five stand out:

1. We don't ask big questions

There are lots of big questions around: What’s the meaning of life? What’s a job for? How should society be arranged? Most of us entertain them every now and then. But we despair of trying to answer them. They have the status almost of jokes. We call them pretentious, but they matter deeply, because only with sound answers to them, can we direct our energies meaningfully. Philosophers are people unafraid of asking big questions.

They have over the centuries asked the very largest.
They realize that these questions can always be broken down into more manageable chunks, and that the only really pretentious thing is to think one’s above raising naive-sounding inquiries.

2. We are vulnerable to errors of common sense

Public opinion, or what gets called ‘common sense’, is sensible and reasonable in countless areas. It’s what you hear about from friends and neighbours – the stuff you take in without even thinking about it. But common sense is often also full of daftness and error. Philosophy gets us to admit all aspects of common sense to reason. It wants us to think for ourselves. Is it really true what people say about love, money, children, travel, work? Philosophers are interested in asking whether an idea is logical, rather than assuming it must be right because it’s popular and long established.

3. We are mentally confused

We are not very good at knowing what goes on in our own minds. Someone we meet is very annoying, but we can’t pin down what the issue is, or we lose our temper but we can’t readily tell what we’re so cross about. We lack insights into our own satisfactions and dislikes. That’s why we need to examine our own minds. Philosophy is committed to self-nowledge and it’s central precept, articulated by the earliest, greatest philosopher Socrates, is just two words long: know yourself.

4. We have muddled ideas about what makes us happy

We’re not very good at making ourselves happy. We overrate the power of some things to improve our lives and underrate others. We make the wrong choices because, guided by advertising and false glamour, we keep on imagining that a particular kind of holiday or car or computer will make a bigger difference than it can. At the same time, we underestimate the contribution of other things, like going for a walk, which may have little prestige but which can contribute deeply to the character of existence.

Philosophers seek to be wise by getting more precise about the activities and attitudes that really can help our lives to go better.

5. We panic and lose perspective

Philosophers are good at keeping a sense of what really matters and what doesn’t. On hearing the news that he’d lost all his possessions to a shipwreck, the Stoic philosopher Zeno simple said, ‘fortune commands me to be a less encumbered philosopher’. It’s responses like these that have made the very term ‘philosophical’ a byword for calm, long-term thinking and strength of mind. In short, for perspective.
The wisdom of philosophy is in modern times mostly delivered in the form of books. But, in the past, philosophers sat in market squares and discussed their ideas with shopkeepers or went into government offices and palaces to give advice. It wasn’t abnormal to have a philosopher on your payroll. Philosophy was thought of as a normal, basic activity, rather than as an esoteric, optional extra. Nowadays, it’s not so much that we overtly deny this thought, but we just don’t have the right institutions set up to promulgate wisdom coherently in the world. In the future, though, when the value of philosophy is a little clearer, we can expect to meet more philosophers in daily life. They won’t be locked up, living mainly in university departments, because the points at which our unwisdom bites and messes up our lives are multiple and urgently need attention right now.

Adapted from the website The Philosopher’s Mail. http://thephilosophersmail.com.
Access: September, 2018.

15 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Choose the alternative that is INCORRECT about the meaning of philosophy and the role of the philosopher, in a wide perspective:

a) Philosophy is not interesting in general, but there is something in it that makes it curious.
b) The philosopher is someone who studies the Ancient Greek.
c) Philosophers are committed to wisdom.
d) In their pursuit of wisdom, philosophers study things that don't make people really smart.
e) The author says that being wise is being capable of living and dying well.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Escolha a alternativa que está INCORRETA sobre o significado da filosofia e o papel do filósofo, numa perspectiva ampla:

a) Philosophy is not interesting in general, but there is something in it that makes it curious.

A filosofia não é interessante em geral, mas há algo nela que a torna curiosa.
b) The philosopher is someone who studies the Ancient Greek.

O filósofo é alguém que estuda o grego antigo.
c) Philosophers are committed to wisdom.

Os filósofos estão comprometidos com a sabedoria.
d) In their pursuit of wisdom, philosophers study things that don't make people really smart.

Na busca da sabedoria, os filósofos estudam coisas que não tornam as pessoas realmente inteligentes.
e) The author says that being wise is being capable of living and dying well.

O autor diz que ser sábio é ser capaz de viver e morrer bem.

16 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) Choose the correct alternative:

a) Philosophers seek for true big answers such as the meaning of life and the organization of society.
b) Philosophers judge if one idea is right or wrong based on common sense and long-establishment.
c) The source for philosophers is their own mind. Philosophy comes from internal satisfactions and dislikes.
d) Because philosophy is committed to live and die well, philosophers have a very fulfilling and happy life.
e) Philosophy is very widely spread in contemporary world due to books and institutions that are concerned about promulgating it to the world.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Escolha a alternativa correta:

a) Philosophers seek for true big answers such as the meaning of life and the organization of society.

Os filósofos buscam respostas verdadeiras, como o sentido da vida e a organização da sociedade.
b) Philosophers judge if one idea is right or wrong based on common sense and long-establishment.

Os filósofos julgam se uma ideia é certa ou errada, baseada no senso comum e no longo estabelecimento.
c) The source for philosophers is their own mind. Philosophy comes from internal satisfactions and dislikes.

A fonte dos filósofos é a sua própria mente. Filosofia vem de satisfações e rejeições internas.
d) Because philosophy is committed to live and die well, philosophers have a very fulfilling and happy life.

Porque a filosofia está comprometida em viver e morrer bem, os filósofos têm uma vida muito satisfatória e feliz.
e) Philosophy is very widely spread in contemporary world due to books and institutions that are concerned about promulgating it to the world.

A filosofia é amplamente difundida no mundo contemporâneo devido aos livros e instituições que estão preocupados em promulgar para o mundo.

17 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) Choose the alternative that presents synonyms for the following words from the text, respectively:

I) weird 

II) naive 

III) annoying

a) silly, intelligent, disturbing
b) stupid, funny, interesting
c) strange, intelligent, irritating
d) stupid, innocent, outrageous
e) strange, innocent, irritating

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Escolha a alternativa que apresente sinônimos para as seguintes palavras do texto, respectivamente:

I) weird estranho

II) naive ingênuo

III) annoying chato

a) silly, intelligent, disturbing

bobo, inteligente, perturbador
b) stupid, funny, interesting

estúpido, engraçado, interessante
c) strange, intelligent, irritating

estranho, inteligente, irritante
d) stupid, innocent, outrageous

estúpido, inocente, escandaloso
e) strange, innocent, irritating

estranho, inocente, irritante

❑ TEXTO 3:

Taken from:
http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/calvin-and-hobbes
Access: September, 2018.

18 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) According to the comic strip:

a) Calvin is happy because his mother is preparing his favorite food.
b) Calvin doesn’t know what tortellini is, but he says he hates it anyway.
c) Calvin is looking up a tortellini recipe in a cookbook.
d) His mother changes her mind and cooks something different.
e) Calvin hates tortellini because it is gross.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com a história em quadrinhos:

a) Calvin is happy because his mother is preparing his favorite food.

Calvin está feliz porque sua mãe está preparando sua comida favorita.
b) Calvin doesn’t know what tortellini is, but he says he hates it anyway.

Calvin não sabe o que é tortellini, mas diz que detesta isso de qualquer maneira.
c) Calvin is looking up a tortellini recipe in a cookbook.

Calvin está procurando uma receita de tortellini em um livro de receitas.
d) His mother changes her mind and cooks something different.

Sua mãe muda de idéia e cozinha algo diferente.
e) Calvin hates tortellini because it is gross.

Calvin odeia tortellini porque é grosseiro.

MACKENZIE/2019 – VESTIBULAR – 1º SEMESTRE - GRUPOS (II - III) – UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE/SP – PROVA COM GABARITO.

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• MACKENZIE-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-Grupos (II - III)-APLICAÇÃO-05/12/2018.

mackenzie.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 7 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Texto (1) – | Ordinary | Wonder Copyright © 2012 |

• Texto (2) – | Comic Strip | weeklystorybook.com |

• Texto (3) – | Advertisement | https://buildingpharmabrands.com |

• Texto (4) – | Pride and Prejudice | janeausten.org |

❑ TEXTO 1: Questions 12 and 13 will be based on the folllowing text:

Ordinary

I know I’m not an ordinary ten-year-old kid. I mean, sure, I do ordinary things. I eat ice cream. I ride my bike. I play ball. I have an XBox. Stuff like that makes me ordinary. I guess. And I feel ordinary. Inside. But I know ordinary kids don’t make other ordinary kids run away screaming in playgrounds. I know ordinary kids don’t get stared at wherever they go.

If I found a magic lamp and I could have one wish, I would wish that I had a normal face that no one ever noticed at all. I would wish that I could walk down the street without people seeing me and then doing that look-away thing. Here’s what I think: the only reason I’m not ordinary is that no one else sees me that way.

But I'm kind of used to how I look by now. I know how to pretend I don’t see the faces people make. We’ve all gotten pretty good at that sort of thing: me, Mom and Dad, Via. Actually, I take that back: Via’s not so good at it. She can get really annoyed when people do something rude. Like, for instance, one time in the playground some older kids made some noises. I don’t even know what the noises were exactly because I didn’t hear them myself, but Via heard and she just started yelling at the kids. That’s the way she is. I’m not that way.

Via doesn't see me as ordinary. She says she does, but if I were ordinary, she wouldn’t feel like she needs to protect me as much. And Mom and Dad don’t see me as ordinary, either. They see me as extraordinary. I think the only person in the world who realizes how ordinary I am is me.

My name is August, by the way. I won’t describe what I look like. Whatever you’re thinking, it’s probably worse.

From: Wonder Copyright © 2012 by R. J.Palacio.

Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf.

❑ TEXTO 1: Questions 12 and 13 will be based on the folllowing text:

Ordinary

Comum

I know I’m not an ordinary ten-year-old kid. I mean, sure, I do ordinary things. I eat ice cream. I ride my bike. I play ball. I have an XBox.

Eu sei que não sou uma criança comum de dez anos. Quer dizer, claro, eu faço coisas comuns. Eu como sorvete. Eu ando em minha bicicleta. Eu jogo bola. Eu tenho um XBox.

Stuff like that makes me ordinary. I guess. And I feel ordinary. Inside.

Coisas assim me tornam comum. Eu acho. E me sinto comum. Dentro. 

But I know ordinary kids don’t make other ordinary kids run away screaming in playgrounds.

Mas eu sei que crianças comuns não fazem outras crianças comuns fugirem gritando nos parquinhos.

I know ordinary kids don’t get stared at wherever they go.

Eu sei que crianças comuns não são observadas onde quer que vão.
If I found a magic lamp and I could have one wish, I would wish that I had a normal face that no one ever noticed at all. I would wish that I could walk down the street without people seeing me and then doing that look-away thing.

Se eu encontrasse uma lâmpada mágica e pudesse realizar um desejo, desejaria ter um rosto normal que ninguém notasse. Eu gostaria de poder andar pela rua sem que as pessoas me vissem e depois desviassem o olhar.

Here’s what I think: the only reason I’m not ordinary is that no one else sees me that way.

Eis o que penso: a única razão pela qual não sou comum é que ninguém mais me vê dessa maneira.
But I'm kind of used to how I look by now. I know how to pretend I don’t see the faces people make.

Mas já estou meio acostumado com minha aparência. Sei fingir que não vejo as caras que as pessoas fazem.

We’ve all gotten pretty good at that sort of thing: me, Mom and Dad, Via. Actually, I take that back: Via’s not so good at it. She can get really annoyed when people do something rude.

Todos nós ficamos muito bons nesse tipo de coisa: eu, mamãe e papai, Via. Na verdade, retiro o que disse: a Via não é tão boa nisso. Ela pode ficar muito irritada quando as pessoas fazem algo rude.

Like, for instance, one time in the playground some older kids made some noises.

Como, por exemplo, uma vez no parquinho algumas crianças mais velhas fizeram alguns barulhos.

I don’t even know what the noises were exactly because I didn’t hear them myself, but Via heard and she just started yelling at the kids. That’s the way she is. I’m not that way.

Eu nem sei exatamente quais eram os barulhos porque eu mesma não os ouvi, mas a Via ouviu e começou a gritar com as crianças. Ela é assim. Eu não sou assim.
Via doesn't see me as ordinary. She says she does, but if I were ordinary, she wouldn’t feel like she needs to protect me as much.

A Via não me vê como uma pessoa comum. Ela diz que sim, mas se eu fosse comum, ela não sentiria que precisa me proteger tanto.

And Mom and Dad don’t see me as ordinary, either. They see me as extraordinary.

E mamãe e papai também não me veem como uma pessoa comum. Eles me veem como extraordinário.

I think the only person in the world who realizes how ordinary I am is me.

Acho que a única pessoa no mundo que percebe o quão comum sou, sou eu.
My name is August, by the way. I won’t describe what I look like. Whatever you’re thinking, it’s probably worse.

A propósito, meu nome é agosto. Não vou descrever minha aparência. O que quer que você esteja pensando, provavelmente é pior.

12 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Considering the words below, select the sequence of synonyms that fits them better:

1. ordinary

2. pretend

3. realizes

a) irregular, resemble, pictures
b) straight, give the impression, does
c) common, fake, understands
d) regular, look, gets
e) standard, seem, picks

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

1. ordinary(comum)

2. pretend(fingir)
3. realizes(percebe)
*Alternativa (A): irregular, assemelhar-se, fotos
*Alternativa (B): direto, dar a impressão, faz
*Alternativa (C): comum, falso, entende
*Alternativa (D): regular, olha, fica
*Alternativa (E): padrão, parece, pega

13 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

In the excerpt:

"Via doesn't see me as ordinary. She says she does, but if I were ordinary, she wouldn't feel like she needs to protect me as much."

We find the usage of the second conditional. This means that:

(A) The narrator views there is a possibility that his sister sees him as a normal boy.
(B) The narrator viewed there was a possibility that his sister saw him as a normal boy.
(C) The narrator states that he is an ordinary boy, despite his looks.
(D) The narrator views his situation as a comfortable one, that’s why the second conditional is used to express it.
(E) The narrator views his situation as an unreal one, like the ones represented by this structure.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICO - IF CLAUSE - SECOND CONDITIONAL → a condição está no Past Simple.

In the excerpt:

No trecho:

"Via doesn't see me as ordinary. She says she does, but if I were ordinary, she wouldn't feel like she needs to protect me as much."

Via não me vê como normal. Ela diz que sim, mas se eu fosse comum, ela não sentiria que precisava me proteger tanto.

We find the usage of the second conditional. This means that:

Encontramos o uso da segunda condicional. Isso significa que:

(A) The narrator views there is a possibility that his sister sees him as a normal boy.

O narrador percebe que existe a possibilidade de sua irmã o ver como um menino normal.
(B) The narrator viewed there was a possibility that his sister saw him as a normal boy.

O narrador percebeu que havia a possibilidade de sua irmã o ver como um menino normal.
(C) The narrator states that he is an ordinary boy, despite his looks.

O narrador afirma ser um menino comum, apesar da aparência.
(D) The narrator views his situation as a comfortable one, that’s why the second conditional is used to express it.

O narrador vê sua situação como confortável, por isso a segunda condicional é usada para expressá-la.
(E) The narrator views his situation as an unreal one, like the ones represented by this structure.

O narrador vê sua situação como irreal, como as representadas por esta estrutura.

>>JUSTIFICATIVA:

• "Via doesn't see me as ordinary. She says she does, but if I were ordinary, she wouldn't feel like she needs to protect me as much."
• A Via não me vê como uma pessoa comum. Ela diz que sim, mas se eu fosse comum, ela não sentiria que precisa me proteger tanto.
• if I were ordinary" → IF CLAUSE no Past Simple" → uso da segunda condicional → UNREAL SITUATION.

>>EXEMPLOS

(Fonte: "Tears in Heaven" https://www.letras.mus.br/eric-clapton/7762/traducao.html):

• Would you know my name if I saw you in heaven? 
• Você saberia meu nome, se eu te visse no céu (paraíso)?
• Would it be the same if I saw you in heaven? 
• Seria a mesma coisa se eu te visse no céu (paraíso)?
• Would you hold my hand if I saw you in heaven? 
• Você seguraria minha mão se eu te visse no céu?
• Would you help me stand if I saw you in heaven? 
• Você me ajudaria a ficar de pé se eu te visse no céu?

*Eric Clapton: A tragédia impensável que inspirou "Tears in Heaven". Depois que o filho de 4 anos de Clapton caiu acidentalmente de uma janela para a morte, o músico transformou sua dor em uma música comovente. “Você saberia meu nome se eu te visse no céu?

>> SUMMARY CHART:

(Fonte: https://engames.eu/how-to-teach-second-conditional): 

❑ TEXTO 2:

http://www.weeklystorybook.com/

comic_strip_of_the_daycom/

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 2:

- MENINO: So if she's mom-tionary. Is there such a thing as dad-tionary? Então, se ela é mãe-cionário. Existe algo como pai-cionário?

- MENINA: Oh sure. Ah com certeza.

- MENINO: Why don't you ever use it? Por que você nunca o usa?

- MENINA: Dad...How do you spell european? Pai ... Como você soletra europeu?
- PAI: European?... You should know that one! Europeu? ... Você deveria saber disso!
- European?... You should know that one!
(Europeu? ... Você deveria saber disso!)

- MENINO: Oh. Ah.

14 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Read the comic strip and select the option that best interprets it:

a) Dad is not at home.
b) The kids shouldn’t ask their dad questions because he doesn’t answer them.
c) Mom-tionary is a word in the dictionary
d) The kids know how to spell European.
e) The kids can use both mom-tionary and dad-tionary!

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA, ELEMENTOS VERBAIS E NÃO VERBAIS:
Leia a história em quadrinhos e selecione a opção que melhor interpreta:

a) Dad is not at home. Papai não está em casa.
b) The kids shouldn’t ask their dad questions because he doesn’t answer them. As crianças não deveriam fazer perguntas ao pai pois ele não responde.
c) Mom-tionary is a word in the dictionary. Mom-tionary é uma palavra no dicionário.
d) The kids know how to spell European. As crianças sabem soletrar europeu.
e) The kids can use both mom-tionary and dad-tionary. As crianças podem usar tanto o mom-tionary como o dad-tionary.

❑ TEXTO 3: Look at this old advertisement and answer the question – The word anybody used in the advertisement can be substituted by:

https://buildingpharmabrands.com/2013/03/15/

you-press-the-button-we-do-the-rest/

15 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Look at this old advertisement and answer the question – The word anybody used in the advertisement can be substituted by:

a) somebody
b) someone
c) anyone
d) some peoples
e) nobody

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - PRONOMES: Everybody=everyone, somebody=someone, nobody=no one, anybody(qualquer pessoa)=anyone(qualquer um) :

Olhe para este anúncio antigo e responda a pergunta - A palavra ANYBODY usada no anúncio pode ser substituída por:

a) somebody alguém
b) someone alguém
c) anyone qualquer um
d) some peoples algumas pessoas
e) nobody ninguém

➽ Everybody(todo mundo), somebody(alguém), anybody(qualquer pessoa), nobody(ninguém).

➽ Everyone(todo mundo), someone(alguém), anyone(qualquer pessoa), no one(ninguém).

➽ DICA: basta substituir BODY por ONE, os significados são os mesmos.

❑ TEXTO 4: For questions 16, 17 and 18, read the text before answering the questions:

Pride and Prejudice

by Jane Austen (an excerpt)

It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
(...)
"Do not you want to know who has taken it?"’ cried his wife impatiently.
"You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it."’
"Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England (...)
“What is his name?’’
“Bingley.’’
“Is he married or single?’’
“Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!’’
“How so? how can it affect them?’’
“My dear Mr. Bennet,’’ replied his wife, “how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.’’
“Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such way? You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion on my poor nerves.’’
“You mistake me, my dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these twenty years at least.’’
“Ah! you do not know what I suffer.’’
“But I hope you will get over it, and live to see many young men of four thousand a year come into the neighbourhood.’’
“It will be no use to us if twenty such should come, since you will not visit them.’’
“Depend upon it, my dear, that when there are twenty I will visit them all.’’

Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.

From: AUSTEN, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. https://www.janeausten.org/pride-and-prejudice/chapter-1.asp

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 4:

Pride and Prejudice

Orgulho e Preconceito

by Jane Austen (an excerpt)

por Jane Austen (um trecho)

It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. É uma verdade universalmente reconhecida que um homem solteiro que possui uma boa fortuna deve necessitar de uma esposa.

However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. Por mais pouco conhecidos que sejam os sentimentos ou opiniões de tal homem ao entrar pela primeira vez numa vizinhança, esta verdade está tão bem fixada nas mentes das famílias vizinhas, que ele é considerado propriedade legítima de uma ou outra de suas filhas.

"Do not you want to know who has taken it?"’ cried his wife impatiently. “Você não quer saber quem o pegou?” – gritou sua esposa, impaciente.

"You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it."’ "Você quer me contar, e não tenho nenhuma objeção em ouvir."

"Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England (...) Ora, minha querida, você deve saber, a Sra. Long diz que Netherfield foi levado por um jovem de grande fortuna do norte da Inglaterra (...)

“What is his name?’’ "Qual é o nome dele?''

“Bingley.’’ “Bingley.”

“Is he married or single?’’ “Ele é casado ou solteiro?”

“Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!’’ "Oh! solteira, minha querida, com certeza! Um único homem de grande fortuna; quatro ou cinco mil por ano. Que coisa boa para nossas meninas!

“How so? how can it affect them?’’ "Como assim? como isso pode afetá-los?

“My dear Mr. Bennet,’’ replied his wife, “how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.’’ “Meu querido Sr. Bennet”, respondeu sua esposa, “como você pode ser tão cansativo! Você deve saber que estou pensando em ele se casar com uma delas.

“Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such way? You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion on my poor nerves.’’ "Senhor. Bennet, como você pode abusar dos seus próprios filhos dessa maneira? Você tem prazer em me irritar. Você não tem compaixão dos meus pobres nervos.

“You mistake me, my dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these twenty years at least.’’ “Você me confunde, minha querida. Tenho um grande respeito pelos seus nervos. Eles são meus velhos amigos. Ouvi você mencioná-los com consideração durante esses vinte anos, pelo menos.

“Ah! you do not know what I suffer.’’ Ah! você não sabe o que eu sofro.

“But I hope you will get over it, and live to see many young men of four thousand a year come into the neighbourhood.’’ “Mas espero que você supere isso e viva para ver muitos jovens de quatro mil por ano chegando à vizinhança.”

“It will be no use to us if twenty such should come, since you will not visit them.’’ “Não nos servirá de nada se vinte deles vierem, já que você não os visitará.”

“Depend upon it, my dear, that when there are twenty I will visit them all.’’ “Pode ter certeza, minha querida, que quando houver vinte visitarei todos eles.”

Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. Mr. Bennet era uma mistura tão estranha de partes rápidas, humor sarcástico, reserva e capricho, que a experiência de vinte e três anos foi insuficiente para fazer com que a sua esposa compreendesse o seu carácter. Sua mente era menos difícil de desenvolver. 

She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news. Ela era uma mulher de compreensão mesquinha, pouca informação e temperamento incerto. Quando ela estava descontente, ela se imaginava nervosa. O negócio de sua vida era casar as filhas; seu consolo eram as visitas e as novidades.

16 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the text, it would be INCORRECT to say that:

a) Mrs. Bennet is unworried about the future of her daughters.
b) Mrs. Bennet wants all of her daughters to find good marriages.
c) Mrs. Bennet's life was devoted to finding her girls good marriage opportunities.
d) Mr. Bennet pretends not to pay attention to his wife's worries.
e) Mrs Bennet thinks her husband does not worry about her.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o texto, seria INCORRETO dizer que:

a) Mrs. Bennet is unworried about the future of her daughters. A Sra. Bennet não está preocupada com o futuro de suas filhas.
b) Mrs. Bennet wants all of her daughters to find good marriages. A Sra. Bennet deseja que todas as suas filhas encontrem bons casamentos.
c) Mrs. Bennet's life was devoted to finding her girls good marriage opportunities. A vida da Sra. Bennet foi dedicada a encontrar boas oportunidades de casamento para suas filhas.
d) Mr. Bennet pretends not to pay attention to his wife's worries. O Sr. Bennet finge não prestar atenção às preocupações de sua esposa.
e) Mrs Bennet thinks her husband does not worry about her. A Sra. Bennet acha que o marido não se preocupa com ela.

17 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The sentence "You take delight in vexing me" from the text means:

a) You are pleased to invest in me.
b) You are happy to make me sad.
c) You are pleased to make me happy.
d) You get sad when you make me cry.
e) You are bringing me so much happiness.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

A frase "You take delight in vexing me" (Você tem prazer em me irritar) do texto significa:

a) You are pleased to invest in me. Você tem o prazer de investir em mim.
b) You are happy to make me sad. Você fica feliz em me deixar triste.
c) You are pleased to make me happy. Você tem prazer em me fazer feliz.
d) You get sad when you make me cry. Você fica triste quando me faz chorar.
e) You are bringing me so much happiness.  Você está me trazendo muita felicidade.

18 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The meaning of the word "odd" is:

a) original
b) strong
c) hard-working
d) weird
e) unhappy

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

O significado da palavra "odd" (estranho) é:

a) original original

b) strong forte
c) hard-working trabalhador
d) weird estranho
e) unhappy infeliz