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Welcome back to another post!
➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: CESPE-2009-UNIPAMPA-TRADUTOR INTÉRPRETE, aplicação em 01/10/2009.
➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: CESPE - Centro de Seleção e de Promoção de Eventos Universidade de Brasilia.
➧ GABARITO:
01-C, 02-E, 03-E, 04-C, 05-C
06-C, 07-E, 08-E, 09-C, 10-E
11-C, 12-E, 13-C, 14-E, 15-C
16-C, 17-C, 18-C, 19-C, 20-E
21-E, 22-E, 23-C, 24-E, 25-C
26-E, 27-C, 28-C, 29-C, 30-E
31-C, 32-E, 33-E, 34-C, 35-C
36-C, 37-E, 38-C, 39-C, 40-E
41-C, 42-E, 43-E, 44-E, 45-C
46-C, 47-E, 48-E, 49-C, 50-E
51-E, 52-C, 53-C, 54-E, 55-C
56-C, 57-C, 58-E, 59-E, 60-C
61-E, 62-C, 63-E, 64-C, 65-E
66-C, 67-C, 68-E, 69-C, 70-E
➧ TEXT I: This text refers to items from 01 through 12.
Gauchos of Argentina, Uruguay and Southern Brazil
Wherever you have cattle, and cattle ranches, you have people on horseback tending to them. They’re called by many names: cowboy in the US; gaucho in Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil; vaqueiro in northern Brazil; huaso in Chile and llanero in Colombia and Venezuela.
In the great wide plains areas, called pampas, of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil, cattle raising is a primary way of life.
The men who work the cattle are called gauchos, from the Quechua huachu, which means orphan or vagabond. Spanish settlers distinguished the two by calling orphans gauchos and vagabonds gauchos, but over time the usage melded into gaucho.
Much has been written, fact and fiction, about the legendary Gauchos, the wanderers of the Pampas. The early horsemen were skilled horsemen, loners, scrabbling out a life on the sun-baked pampas, living off the land and tracking down lost cattle for ranchers, their patrones for whom they also provided protection, and in times of battle, military service.
Their nomadic life meant little time spent at home, which they might have shared with a common-law wife who raised their children. Sons followed their father’s traditions. Their clothing reflected their life on horseback: a wide hat, a woolen poncho, long pleated trousers, or loose baggy pants called bombachas and knee-high leather boots. They made their boots by wrapping the hide of a freshly killed calf around their legs and feet. As the hide dried, it took on the form of the foot and leg. They owned nothing of value but their horse and the long knife, the facón that they kept sharp, and handy. The facón and the boleadora, stones bound in leather strips and used as a lariat to trip cattle or other animals by looping it around their legs.
They had no way of preserving meat, and after butchering a cow, would cook it immediately over an open fire. This was the beginning of the asado, still popular today. Meat and mate were the mainstays of their diets and the brewing and consumption of this herb called yerba mate was a several times a day ritual.
Internet:<gosouthamerica.about.com>(adapted).
According to what the text states, judge the items below.
01. The text presents five different ways to name gaucho, four of which are found in South America.
02. Cattle's keeping in the areas to which the text refers has been a primitive way of living.
03. A lot has been written about gauchos and their sedentary life.
04. The first gauchos were people who liked to do things on their own.
05. Gauchos were in charge of finding lost cattle.
As found in the text, it can be concluded that
06. the patrones could count on the gauchos for their personal security.
07. gauchos didn’t use to spend much time either with their children or their wives.
08. gauchos wear a peculiar kind of clothing which includes boots made of cotton.
09. the boleadora is used as a lasso to make cattle fall by looping it around their legs.
10. once a cow was killed, it took time for the gaucho to cook it over an open fire.
In the text,
11. "tending to" (R.2) means caring for.
12. "scrabbling out" (R.16) is the same as avoiding.
"The text presents five different ways to name gaucho, four of which are found in South America.
(O texto apresenta cinco maneiras diferentes de nomear gaúcho, quatro das quais são encontradas na América do Sul.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
"Cattle's keeping in the areas to which the text refers has been a primitive way of living."
(A criação de gado nas áreas a que o texto se refere tem sido uma maneira primitiva de viver.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
"A lot has been written about gauchos and their sedentary life."
(Muito foi escrito sobre os gaúchos e sua vida sedentária.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
"The first gauchos were people who liked to do things on their own."
(Os primeiros gaúchos eram pessoas que gostavam de fazer as coisas por conta própria.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
"Gauchos were in charge of finding lost cattle."
(Os gaúchos foram encarregados de encontrar gado perdido.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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As found in the text, it can be concluded that
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👉 Questão-Item 56
"the patrones could count on the gauchos for their personal security."
(os patronos podiam contar com os gaúchos para sua segurança pessoal.)
➽👲 O texto afirma
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👉 Questão-Item 57
"gauchos didn’t use to spend much time either with their children or their wives."
(os gaúchos não costumavam passar muito tempo com seus filhos ou suas esposas.)
➽👲 O texto afirma
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👉 Questão-Item 58
"gauchos wear a peculiar kind of clothing which includes boots made of cotton."
(os gaúchos usam um tipo peculiar de roupa, que inclui botas de algodão.)
➽👲 O texto afirma
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👉 Questão-Item 59
"the boleadora is used as a lasso to make cattle fall by looping it around their legs."
(a boleadora é usada como um laço para fazer o gado cair, enrolando-o nas pernas.)
➽👲 O texto afirma
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👉 Questão-Item 60
"once a cow was killed, it took time for the gaucho to cook it over an open fire."
(uma vez que uma vaca foi morta, o gaúcho levou tempo para cozinhá-la em fogo aberto.)
➽👲 O texto afirma
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👉 Questão-Item 61
"tending to" (R.2) means caring for.
("cuidar de" (R.2) significa cuidar.)
➽👲 O texto afirma
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👉 Questão-Item 62
"scrabbling out" (R.16) is the same as avoiding.
("raspar" (R.16) é o mesmo que evitar.)
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"the patrones could count on the gauchos for their personal security."
(os patronos podiam contar com os gaúchos para sua segurança pessoal.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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"gauchos didn’t use to spend much time either with their children or their wives."
(os gaúchos não costumavam passar muito tempo com seus filhos ou suas esposas.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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"gauchos wear a peculiar kind of clothing which includes boots made of cotton."
(os gaúchos usam um tipo peculiar de roupa, que inclui botas de algodão.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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"the boleadora is used as a lasso to make cattle fall by looping it around their legs."
(a boleadora é usada como um laço para fazer o gado cair, enrolando-o nas pernas.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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"once a cow was killed, it took time for the gaucho to cook it over an open fire."
(uma vez que uma vaca foi morta, o gaúcho levou tempo para cozinhá-la em fogo aberto.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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"tending to" (R.2) means caring for.
("cuidar de" (R.2) significa cuidar.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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"scrabbling out" (R.16) is the same as avoiding.
("raspar" (R.16) é o mesmo que evitar.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➧ TEXT II: This text refers to items from 13 through 23.
The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point on Earth’s ecology and humans’ relationship with their environment. As the Industrial Revolution dramatically changed every aspect of human life and lifestyles — from human development, health and life longevity, to social improvements — its human impact on natural resources, public health, energy usage and sanitation would not begin to register in the world’s psyche until the early 1960s, some 200 years after its beginnings.
It wasn’t that the Industrial Revolution became a10 stalwart juggernaut overnight. It started in the mid-1700s in Great Britain when machinery began to replace manual labor and fossil fuels replaced wind, water, and wood primarily for the manufacture of textiles and the development of iron making processes.
The full impact of the Industrial Revolution would not begin to be realized until about 10016 years later in the 1800s when the use of machines to replace human labor spread throughout Europe, North America and the rest of the world. This transformation is referred to as the industrialization of the world — processes that gave rise to sweeping increases in production capacity and would affect all basic human needs including food production, medicine, housing, and clothing. Not only did society develop the ability to have more things quicker, it would be able to develop better things. These industrialization processes continue today.
According to the text, the Industrial Revolution
13. can be taken as a milestone on Earth’s ecology.
The ecological impact of the Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point on Earth’s ecology and humans’ relationship with their environment. As the Industrial Revolution dramatically changed every aspect of human life and lifestyles — from human development, health and life longevity, to social improvements — its human impact on natural resources, public health, energy usage and sanitation would not begin to register in the world’s psyche until the early 1960s, some 200 years after its beginnings.
It wasn’t that the Industrial Revolution became a10 stalwart juggernaut overnight. It started in the mid-1700s in Great Britain when machinery began to replace manual labor and fossil fuels replaced wind, water, and wood primarily for the manufacture of textiles and the development of iron making processes.
The full impact of the Industrial Revolution would not begin to be realized until about 10016 years later in the 1800s when the use of machines to replace human labor spread throughout Europe, North America and the rest of the world. This transformation is referred to as the industrialization of the world — processes that gave rise to sweeping increases in production capacity and would affect all basic human needs including food production, medicine, housing, and clothing. Not only did society develop the ability to have more things quicker, it would be able to develop better things. These industrialization processes continue today.
Internet: <ecology.com> (adapted).
According to the text, the Industrial Revolution
13. can be taken as a milestone on Earth’s ecology.
14. was a drama for mankind.
15. also brought about some benefits.
16. impact on public dates back around 1760.
Based on the text, judge the following items.
17. A possible translation for the excerpt "It wasn’t that the Industrial Revolution became a stalwart juggernaut overnight" (R.10-11) can be: Não que a Revolução Industrial tenha provocado seus nefastos e intensos efeitos da noite para o dia.
18. Four factors can be said to be present in the Industrial Revolution.
19. It took a little less or more than one century for mankind to notice the effects of the Industrial Revolution.
20. Humankind was unable to keep pace with the fast progress imposed by the Industrial evolution.
In the text,
21. "would not" (R.7) can be replaced by should not.
22. "began" (R.12) can be replaced by has begun.
23. "until" (R.16) can be replaced by till.
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can be taken as a milestone on Earth’s ecology.
(pode ser considerado um marco na ecologia da Terra.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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was a drama for mankind.
(foi um drama para a humanidade.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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also brought about some benefits.
(também trouxe alguns benefícios.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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impact on public dates back around 1760.
(impacto nos dados públicos por volta de 1760.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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A possible translation for the excerpt "It wasn’t that the Industrial Revolution became a stalwart juggernaut overnight" (R.10-11) can be: Não que a Revolução Industrial tenha provocado seus nefastos e intensos efeitos da noite para o dia.
(Uma possível tradução para o trecho "Não foi que a Revolução Industrial tenha se tornado um grande obstáculo da noite para o dia" (R.10-11) pode ser: Não que a Revolução Industrial tenha provocado seus nefastos e intensos efeitos da noite para o dia.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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Four factors can be said to be present in the Industrial Revolution.
(Pode-se dizer que quatro fatores estão presentes na Revolução Industrial.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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It took a little less or more than one century for mankind to notice the effects of the Industrial Revolution.
(Demorou um pouco menos ou mais de um século para a humanidade perceber os efeitos da Revolução Industrial.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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Humankind was unable to keep pace with the fast progress imposed by the Industrial evolution.
(A humanidade não conseguiu acompanhar o rápido progresso imposto pela evolução industrial.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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"would not" (R.7) can be replaced by should not.
("não" (R.7) pode ser substituído por não deveria.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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"began" (R.12) can be replaced by has begun.
("começou" (R.12) pode ser substituído por já começou.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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"until" (R.16) can be replaced by till.
("until" pode ser substituído por till.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➧ TEXT III:
The search for the meaning of life is often hampered1 by the assumption that there is a single meaning of life for everyone everywhere. We try to find happiness and meaning in the same thing that affect others. We follow well worn paths and then are surprised to find that we end up the same place as everyone else that has followed that path. Instead, we must find the meaning of our own lives individually.
Yet there is still wisdom in those who have gone before and the key to discover the meaning of your life often falls in those in between places where you are following your own path, but using the tools of others to do so.
The first of these tools is the understanding that life is a journey, not a destination. You may never completely understand why you exist or what you were meant to do. This is why you must remember that your life is not made up of the big moments, but of the small moments in between. Find meaning in those and you will be on the path to understanding the meaning of life.
If the meaning of life is individual, then understanding yourself and being yourself is vital to understanding the meaning of life. When you hide yourself from others, you hide from yourself as well. When you fail to follow the path that you know is right for the one that is safer, you lose yourself.
It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities. You choose the meaning or meaninglessness of your life in the decisions you make every day. A life lived well or a life hardly lived. Understand that the choices are yours and that the choices matter. Without that understanding, finding meaning in your life will be impossible.
Internet: <www.helium.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the items from 74 through 85.
24. There is a single meaning of life for everyone everywhere.
25. Happiness is a matter of personal choice.
26. When one follows the same path as others there can’t be a gasp of surprise.
27. Life is a travel not a place to arrive at.
28. People may never fully understand what they are supposed to do.
29. Smaller moments are more important than the bigger ones.
30. Even if you understand the meaning of life, you won’t ever understand yourself.
31. You mustn’t hide either from yourself or from others.
32. If you don’t go in for a safer path, you get lost.
33. The extract “It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities” (R.25-26) can be correctly translated as: São as nossas escolhas que verdadeiramente nos mostram quem somos, bem como as nossas habilidades.
34. Your everyday decisions can make life be meaningful or meaningless.
35. Options can be a matter of one’s individual concern.
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There is a single meaning of life for everyone everywhere.
(Existe um único sentido de vida para todos em todos os lugares.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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Happiness is a matter of personal choice.
(Felicidade é uma questão de escolha pessoal.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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When one follows the same path as others there can’t be a gasp of surprise.
(Quando alguém segue o mesmo caminho que os outros, não pode haver um suspiro de surpresa.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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Life is a travel not a place to arrive at.
(A vida é uma viagem, não um lugar para se chegar.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
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People may never fully understand what they are supposed to do.
(As pessoas podem nunca entender completamente o que devem fazer.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
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Smaller moments are more important than the bigger ones.
(Momentos menores são mais importantes que os maiores.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
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Even if you understand the meaning of life, you won’t ever understand yourself.
(Mesmo que você entenda o significado da vida, nunca se entenderá.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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You mustn’t hide either from yourself or from others.
(Você não deve se esconder de si mesmo ou dos outros.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
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If you don’t go in for a safer path, you get lost.
(Se você não busca um caminho mais seguro, perde-se.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
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The extract “It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities” (R.25-26) can be correctly translated as: São as nossas escolhas que verdadeiramente nos mostram quem somos, bem como as nossas habilidades.
(O trecho “São nossas escolhas que mostram o que realmente somos, muito mais do que nossas habilidades” (R.25-26) pode ser traduzido corretamente como: São como nossas escolhas que mostram nos somos quem, bem como nossas habilidades.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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Your everyday decisions can make life be meaningful or meaningless.
(Suas decisões cotidianas podem tornar a vida significativa ou sem sentido.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
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Options can be a matter of one’s individual concern.
(As opções podem ser uma questão de preocupação individual.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➧ TEXT IV: This text refers to items from 36 through 47.
37. Editorial integrity may be subjected to strong personal interest.
Press freedom — many preach it and many try hard to really promote the concept but very few news organizations are really able to actually practise it in the real, transparent, non-negotiable sense of the term. In most instances there is the element of compromise — of having to sacrifice editorial integrity to satisfy established vested interests.
Earlier this week on Sunday, May 3, World Press Freedom Day was celebrated though it was muted in many places where press freedom is an anathema to the powers that be. The celebration highlights the fact that, unless there is unhindered access to accurate information, the value of all other rights is diminished; especially so when we now live in the so-called information age where the access to information is vital to navigate our way successfully and achieve our objectives. Managed news is no substitute for the real thing. This key access to information is further accentuated by access to information and communication technology.
News organizations have a major role to convey the events taking place as well as the decisions made by the powers that be in their own countries and around the world to the man in the street. And the man in the street who equips himself with the latest key bits and bytes of information has an edge over his uninformed neighbour and is always able to make the better or the right decision — be it business or personal.
Internet: <bt.com.bn> (adapted).
According to what can be deduced fron the text, judge the items from 36 through 45.
36. Many people are in favour of press freedom, but not many news organizations adopt this concept.
38. In many places press freedom is greatly disapproved of.
39. Either there is unlimited access to correct and true information, or all the other rights have their values hindered.
40. In the information age as before, access to new ideas is crucial.
41. Controlled news cannot be replaced by the real event.
42. The access to information, which used to be a controversial issue, has now become less important.
43. The street layman is not supposed to be aware of the decisions made by powers be it home or abroad.
44. Ill-informed neighbours are capable of making the better or the right decision.
45. A possible title for this text can be: Responsible press key to development.
In the text,
46. "their"(R.21) refers to “News organizations” (R.19).
47. "personal" (R.26) is the same as personnel.
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Many people are in favour of press freedom, but not many news organizations adopt this concept.
(Muitas pessoas são a favor da liberdade de imprensa, mas poucas organizações de notícias adotam esse conceito.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
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Editorial integrity may be subjected to strong personal interest.
(A integridade editorial pode estar sujeita a um forte interesse pessoal.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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In many places press freedom is greatly disapproved of.
(Em muitos lugares, a liberdade de imprensa é bastante reprovada.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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Either there is unlimited access to correct and true information, or all the other rights have their values hindered.
(Ou há acesso ilimitado a informações corretas e verdadeiras, ou todos os outros direitos têm seus valores prejudicados.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Correta
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➽👲 O texto afirma
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In the information age as before, access to new ideas is crucial.
(Na era da informação, como antes, o acesso a novas idéias é crucial.)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito Errada
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Controlled news cannot be replaced by the real event.
(Notícias controladas não podem ser substituídas pelo evento real.)
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The access to information, which used to be a controversial issue, has now become less important.
(O acesso à informação, que costumava ser uma questão controversa, agora se tornou menos importante.)
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The street layman is not supposed to be aware of the decisions made by powers be it home or abroad.
(O leigo da rua não deve estar ciente das decisões tomadas pelos poderes, seja em casa ou no exterior.)
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Ill-informed neighbours are capable of making the better or the right decision.
(Vizinhos mal informados são capazes de tomar a decisão melhor ou a correta.)
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A possible title for this text can be: Responsible press key to development.
(Um possível título para este texto pode ser: Responsável pressionar a tecla para o desenvolvimento.)
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"their"(R.21) refers to “News organizations” (R.19).
("their" refere-se a "Organizações de notícias".)
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"personal"(R.26) is the same as personnel.
("pessoal" é o mesmo que pessoal.)
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TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:➧ TEXT V: This text refers to items from 48 through 60.
The global economy is in the grips of a deepening recession that isn’t likely to turn around until sometime next year, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said. The IMF, which had been slow to apply the word to the current downturn, also released a new definition of global recession.
Overall, the world economy is now expected to contract 1.3% this year — a sharp reduction from the IMF’s7 January estimate of 0.5% growth for 2009 — and then grow just 1.9% in 2010, well below the global growth rate before the economic crisis hit.
“By any measure,” the IMF’s twice-yearly World Economic Outlook concluded Wednesday, “this downturn represents by far the deepest global recession since the Great13 Depression.”
Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that “only 17 of the 182 economies followed by the IMF are expected16 to grow faster this year than they did last year. Some 71 — including 30 of the world’s 34 advanced economies — are expected to shrink.”
Ahead of a gathering of Group of Seven finance ministers and central bankers this week, as well as the spring meetings of the IMF and the World Bank, the IMF urged global leaders to keep up the momentum that began at the Group of 20 summit this month.
The fund is anticipating that G-20 countries will pursue fiscal-stimulus measures totaling about 2% of gross domestic product this year and 1.5% next year, but said that may not be enough.
“It is now apparent that the effort will need to be at least sustained, if not increased, in 2010, and countries with fiscal room should stand ready to introduce new stimulus measures as needed to support the recovery,” the IMF said.
Internet: <online.wsj.com> (adapted).
According to what can be concluded from the text, judge the items from 48 through 57.
48. the current global recession is the worst ever experienced by mankind.
The global economy is in the grips of a deepening recession that isn’t likely to turn around until sometime next year, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said. The IMF, which had been slow to apply the word to the current downturn, also released a new definition of global recession.
Overall, the world economy is now expected to contract 1.3% this year — a sharp reduction from the IMF’s7 January estimate of 0.5% growth for 2009 — and then grow just 1.9% in 2010, well below the global growth rate before the economic crisis hit.
“By any measure,” the IMF’s twice-yearly World Economic Outlook concluded Wednesday, “this downturn represents by far the deepest global recession since the Great13 Depression.”
Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that “only 17 of the 182 economies followed by the IMF are expected16 to grow faster this year than they did last year. Some 71 — including 30 of the world’s 34 advanced economies — are expected to shrink.”
Ahead of a gathering of Group of Seven finance ministers and central bankers this week, as well as the spring meetings of the IMF and the World Bank, the IMF urged global leaders to keep up the momentum that began at the Group of 20 summit this month.
The fund is anticipating that G-20 countries will pursue fiscal-stimulus measures totaling about 2% of gross domestic product this year and 1.5% next year, but said that may not be enough.
“It is now apparent that the effort will need to be at least sustained, if not increased, in 2010, and countries with fiscal room should stand ready to introduce new stimulus measures as needed to support the recovery,” the IMF said.
Internet: <online.wsj.com> (adapted).
According to what can be concluded from the text, judge the items from 48 through 57.
48. the current global recession is the worst ever experienced by mankind.
49. possibly next year depression may turn round.
50. the present economic crisis is in need of a new term to define it.
51. as expected, the world economy will grow just 1.9% next year.
52. not all economies are followed by the IMF.
53. about 88% of the world’s most progressive economies are about to dwindle.
54. after three meetings, the IMF wishes people to forget the momentum.
55. the fund is expecting that G20 will attempt to adopt fiscal measures totaling about 2% of gross domestic product this year.
56. the IMF is not sure whether the fiscal-stimulus will work out.
57. the effort to recover economy may likely be increased in 2010.
In the text,
58. "as well as" (R.21) is a comparative of equality.
59. "at least" (R.29-30) can be correctly replaced by at last.
60. "needed" (R.32) can be replaced by required.
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the current global recession is the worst ever experienced by mankind.
(a atual recessão global é a pior já experimentada pela humanidade.)
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possibly next year depression may turn round.
(possivelmente no próximo ano a depressão pode mudar.)
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the present economic crisis is in need of a new term to define it.
(a atual crise econômica precisa de um novo termo para defini-lo.)
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as expected, the world economy will grow just 1.9% next year.
(como esperado, a economia mundial crescerá apenas 1,9% no próximo ano.)
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not all economies are followed by the IMF.
(nem todas as economias são seguidas pelo FMI.)
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about 88% of the world’s most progressive economies are about to dwindle.
(cerca de 88% das economias mais progressistas do mundo estão prestes a diminuir.)
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after three meetings, the IMF wishes people to forget the momentum.
(após três reuniões, o FMI deseja que as pessoas esqueçam o momento.)
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the fund is expecting that G20 will attempt to adopt fiscal measures totaling about 2% of gross domestic product this year.
(o fundo espera que o G20 tente adotar medidas fiscais que totalizem cerca de 2% do produto interno bruto este ano.)
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the IMF is not sure whether the fiscal-stimulus will work out.
(o FMI não tem certeza se o estímulo fiscal vai dar certo.)
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the effort to recover economy may likely be increased in 2010.
(o esforço para recuperar a economia provavelmente poderá aumentar em 2010.)
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"as well as" (R.21) is a comparative of equality.
("as well as" é um comparativo de igualdade.)
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"at least" (R.29-30) can be correctly replaced by at last.
("at least" pode ser substituído corretamente por finalmente.)
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"needed" (R.32) can be replaced by required.
("needed" pode ser substituído por necessário.)
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➧ TEXT VI: This text refers to items from 61 through 70.
Fifty years ago, William Russell, a classics scholar, and Rex Burch, a microbiologist, outlined how the use of animals in scientific research could be made more humane. They wanted scientists to restrict the use of animals, to refine their experiments to minimise distress and to replace testing on animals with alternative techniques. Although the “3Rs” have become a guiding principle, the number of animals used today remains far higher than Russell and Burch would have accepted. Finally, that may be changing. On May 5th the European Parliament voted to update the rules on the use of animals in research.
The European directive on how animals should be treated dates from 1986, long before research led to the breeding of the first creatures that carried the genes of another species. Some countries have more restrictions than others. Britain, for example, uses far fewer primates in scientific research than does France. The European Commission said in November 2008 that it wanted to update the rules to better protect laboratory animals throughout Europe. It received hundreds of amendments, but has adopted few of them.
In particular, the politicians decided against an outright ban on the use of great apes. Instead they voted to allow such experiments only when they are intended to conserve the number of chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orang-utans, or when using these species becomes essential to tackling a disease that threatens people. In practice, no great apes have been used in Europe for years and there are no breeding colonies from which to take them. In America, chimpanzees are being used to develop a vaccine for hepatitis C because they are the only creatures, other than humans, to be afflicted by the disease.
Another proposal was to ban the use of primates caught in the wild. Scientists prefer to work with the offspring of animals raised in laboratories because knowledge of the creatures’ complete medical history makes them more dependable. Russell and Burch would have been pleased that progress is being made, but appalled at its slow pace.
According to the text, judge the items from 61 through 68.
61. Scientists all over the world have always been concerned about humanizing the use of animals in scientific research.
Suffering for science
Fifty years ago, William Russell, a classics scholar, and Rex Burch, a microbiologist, outlined how the use of animals in scientific research could be made more humane. They wanted scientists to restrict the use of animals, to refine their experiments to minimise distress and to replace testing on animals with alternative techniques. Although the “3Rs” have become a guiding principle, the number of animals used today remains far higher than Russell and Burch would have accepted. Finally, that may be changing. On May 5th the European Parliament voted to update the rules on the use of animals in research.
The European directive on how animals should be treated dates from 1986, long before research led to the breeding of the first creatures that carried the genes of another species. Some countries have more restrictions than others. Britain, for example, uses far fewer primates in scientific research than does France. The European Commission said in November 2008 that it wanted to update the rules to better protect laboratory animals throughout Europe. It received hundreds of amendments, but has adopted few of them.
In particular, the politicians decided against an outright ban on the use of great apes. Instead they voted to allow such experiments only when they are intended to conserve the number of chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orang-utans, or when using these species becomes essential to tackling a disease that threatens people. In practice, no great apes have been used in Europe for years and there are no breeding colonies from which to take them. In America, chimpanzees are being used to develop a vaccine for hepatitis C because they are the only creatures, other than humans, to be afflicted by the disease.
Another proposal was to ban the use of primates caught in the wild. Scientists prefer to work with the offspring of animals raised in laboratories because knowledge of the creatures’ complete medical history makes them more dependable. Russell and Burch would have been pleased that progress is being made, but appalled at its slow pace.
Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).
According to the text, judge the items from 61 through 68.
61. Scientists all over the world have always been concerned about humanizing the use of animals in scientific research.
62. Restricting the use of animals, refining experiments as to minimise distress and replacing testing on animals with alternative techniques have become guiding principles in the use of animals in scientific research.
63. Russell’s and Burch’s principles concerning the use of animals in scientific research have been fully observed.
64. The number of animals used in scientific research today is far beyond what Russell and Burch would have accepted.
65. Scientists have restricted the use of animals in scientific research for 50 years.
66. Europe has voted for better regulation of animal experiments.
67. Directives on how animals should be treated in scientific research have existed since 1986.
68. In essence, all countries in Europe seem to have the same restrictions concerning the use of animals in scientific research.
69. The extract “In America, chimpanzees are being used to develop a vaccine for hepatitis C because they are the only creatures, other than humans, to be afflicted by the disease” (R.29-32) can be correctly translated as Na América, os chipanzés estão sendo usados para desenvolver uma vacina contra a hepatite C, pois eles são as únicas criaturas, além dos humanos, a serem afligidas pela doença.
70. Na América, os chipanzés são seres usados para desenvolver uma vacina contra a hepatite C, pois eles são as únicas criaturas, além dos humanos, a serem afligidas pela doença.
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Scientists all over the world have always been concerned about humanizing the use of animals in scientific research.
(Cientistas de todo o mundo sempre se preocuparam em humanizar o uso de animais em pesquisas científicas.)
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Restricting the use of animals, refining experiments as to minimise distress and replacing testing on animals with alternative techniques have become guiding principles in the use of animals in scientific research.
(Restringir o uso de animais, refinar experimentos para minimizar a angústia e substituir testes em animais por técnicas alternativas tornaram-se princípios orientadores no uso de animais em pesquisas científicas.)
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Russell’s and Burch’s principles concerning the use of animals in scientific research have been fully observed.
(Os princípios de Russell e Burch relativos ao uso de animais em pesquisas científicas foram totalmente observados.)
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The number of animals used in scientific research today is far beyond what Russell and Burch would have accepted.
(O número de animais usados hoje em pesquisas científicas está muito além do que Russell e Burch aceitariam.)
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Scientists have restricted the use of animals in scientific research for 50 years.
(Os cientistas restringiram o uso de animais em pesquisas científicas por 50 anos.)
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Europe has voted for better regulation of animal experiments.
(A Europa votou por uma melhor regulamentação das experiências com animais.)
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Directives on how animals should be treated in scientific research have existed since 1986.
(As diretrizes sobre como os animais devem ser tratados em pesquisas científicas existem desde 1986.)
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In essence, all countries in Europe seem to have the same restrictions concerning the use of animals in scientific research.
(Em essência, todos os países da Europa parecem ter as mesmas restrições quanto ao uso de animais em pesquisas científicas.)
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Na América, os chipanzés estão sendo usados para desenvolver uma vacina contra a hepatite C, pois eles são as únicas criaturas, além dos humanos, a serem afligidas pela doença.
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Na América, os chipanzés são seres usados para desenvolver uma vacina contra a hepatite C, pois eles são as únicas criaturas, além dos humanos, a serem afligidas pela doença.
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