AFA – 2016 – CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAIS (Aviador/Infantaria/Intendente) – ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA – PROVA COM GABARITO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• AFA-2016-CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF-CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAIS (Aviador/Infantaria/Intendente) – ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA-26/07/2015.

www.fab.mil.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 16 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.

❑ TEXTO 1: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRIENDS AND TYPES OF FRIENDSHIP

Everyone has at least one best friend, some maybe even more. There are also those people who are just friends and also arch-enemies. People may think that just because they are your friends it means that they are your best friend. The thing is, even though they are your friend, the relationship between a best friend and a friend is different. Either way regardless of archenemies, friends or best friends, there are not many ways to compare any of these different types of friends, but you can easily contrast them from one another.

       
Arch-enemies often know more about each other than two friends. In a comparison of personal relationships, friendship is considered to be closer than association, although a wide range of degrees of intimacy exists in friendships, arch-enemies, and associations. Friendship and association can be thought of as spanning across the same continuum. The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology. Even animals have familiars! Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles. In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of 'friend'.
       
These friendships, however, make up in intensity what they lack in number. Friends are entitled to call each other by their first names alone, and to use diminutives. A customary example of polite behavior is addressing "acquaintances" by full first name plus their patronymic. These could include relationships which elsewhere would be qualified as real friendships, such as workplace relationships of long standing, or neighbors with whom one shares an occasional meal or a social drink with.
        
Also in the Middle East and Central Asia, male friendships, while less restricted than in Russia, tend to be reserved and respectable in nature. They may use nicknames and diminutive forms of their first names. In countries like India, it is believed in some parts that friendship is a form of respect, not born out of fear or superiority. Friends are people who are equal in most standards, but still respect each other regardless of their attributes or shortcomings. Most of the countries previously mentioned (Russia, Asia, and even the Middle East) and even our own nation are suffering a decline in genuine friendships.
        
According to a study documented in the June 2006 issue of the Journal American Sociological Review, Americans are thought to be suffering a loss in the quality and quantity of close friendships since at least 1985. The study's results state that twenty-five percent of Americans have no close confidants, and the average total number of confidants per citizen has dropped from four to two. According to the study, Americans' dependence on family as a safety net went up from fiftyseven percent to eighty percent; Americans dependence on a partner or spouse went up from five percent to nine percent.
        
Recent studies have found a link between fewer friendships, especially in quality, and psychological and  physiological regression. In the sequence of the emotional development of the individual, friendships come after parental bonding and before the pair bonding engaged in at the approach of maturity. In the intervening period between the end of early childhood and the onset of full adulthood, friendships are often the most important relationships in the emotional life of the adolescent, and are often more intense than relationships experienced later in life.

        
Unfortunately, making friends seems to trouble many of people. Having no friends can be emotionally damaging for all ages, from young children to full grown adults. A study performed by researchers from Purdue University found that post-secondary-education friendships, college and university last longer than the friendships before it. Children with Asperger syndrome and autism usually have some difficulty forming friendships. Socially crippling conditions like these are just one way that the social world is so difficult to thrive in. This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however. With time, moderation and proper instruction, they are able to form friendships after realizing their own strengths and weaknesses.
        
There is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link, including that; Good friends encourage their friends to lead more healthy lifestyles; Good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services, when needed; Good friends enhance their friend’s coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems; and/or Good friends actually affect physiological pathways that are protective of health.

Regardless of what we think, we can clearly see that there are some ways that friends, best friends and archenemies are the same, but in the end they are clearly more different. Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives.

(Adapted from: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/philosophy/therelationship-between-friends-and-types-of-friendship-philosophyessay.php)

33 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of 'friend' "(lines 23-24)

means that

a) if you go to Russia you won't find a best friend.
b) a friendly person is a recognized authority in Russia.
c) you may have lots of close friends in Russia, but not all are trustful.
d) the status of 'friend' in Russia shows how much one is respected.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

"In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of 'friend' ""Na Rússia, normalmente concede-se a muito poucas pessoas o status de 'amigo'" (linhas 23-24)

significa que

a) if you go to Russia you won't find a best friend. se você for para a Rússia não encontrará um melhor amigo.
b) a friendly person is a recognized authority in Russia. uma pessoa amiga é uma autoridade reconhecida na Rússia.
c) you may have lots of close friends in Russia, but not all are trustful. você pode ter muitos amigos próximos na Rússia, mas nem todos são confiáveis.
d) the status of 'friend' in Russia shows how much one is respected. o status de “amigo” na Rússia mostra o quanto alguém é respeitado.

34 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option that shows the same meaning as in

"Americans have no close confidants" (line 52).

a) Americans do have not any close confidants.
b) Americans not have any close confidants.
c) Americans haven't any close confidants.
d) Americans do not have any close confidants.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

• REMEMBER: have no = don't have any.

35 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

The first paragraph

a) compares the tasks individuals have when friends.
b) states that friendship is ruled by the amount of friends.
c) makes an outline concerning the way friendship works.
d) means that you cannot tell arch-enemies apart.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

O primeiro parágrafo

a) compares the tasks individuals have when friends. compara as tarefas que os indivíduos realizam quando são amigos.
b) states that friendship is ruled by the amount of friends. afirma que a amizade é regida pela quantidade de amigos.
c) makes an outline concerning the way friendship works. faz um esboço sobre como funciona a amizade.
d) means that you cannot tell arch-enemies apart. significa que você não pode distinguir os arquiinimigos.

36 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"Socially crippling conditions" (line 78) refers to

a) college and university atmosphere.
b) Asperger and autism children.
c) post-secondary-education friendships.
d) researchers and friends.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

"Socially crippling conditions" "Condições socialmente incapacitantes"(line 78) refere-se a

a) college and university atmosphere. ambiente de faculdade e universidade.
b) Asperger and autism children. Crianças Asperger e autistas.
c) post-secondary-education friendships. amizades do ensino pós-secundário.
d) researchers and friends. pesquisadores e amigos.

37 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option that is closest in meaning to

"Unfortunately making friends seems to trouble many of people" (lines 70-71).

a) Unfortunately making friends seems to annoy many of people.
b) Unfortunately making friends seems to change many of people.
c) Unfortunately making friends seems to delight many of people.
d) Unfortunately making friends seems to comply many of people.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Marque a opção que tem o significado mais próximo de

"Unfortunately making friends seems to trouble many of people" (Infelizmente, fazer amigos parece incomodar muitas pessoas).

a) Unfortunately making friends seems to annoy many of people. Infelizmente, fazer amigos parece incomodar muitas pessoas.
b) Unfortunately making friends seems to change many of people. Infelizmente fazer amigos parece mudar muitas pessoas.
c) Unfortunately making friends seems to delight many of people. Infelizmente fazer amigos parece encantar muita gente.
d) Unfortunately making friends seems to comply many of people. Infelizmente fazer amigos parece agradar a muitas pessoas.

38 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option which shows the same meaning as in

"Americans' dependence on family" (lines 54-55).

a) The family's dependence on Americans'.
b) The Americans family dependence.
c) The Americans dependence of family's.
d) The dependence of Americans on family.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Marque a opção que mostra o mesmo significado que em

"Americans' dependence on family" (Dependência dos americanos da família).

a) The family's dependence on Americans'. A dependência da família dos americanos.
b) The Americans family dependence. A dependência familiar dos americanos
c) The Americans dependence of family's. A dependência dos americanos da família.
d) The dependence of Americans on family. A dependência dos americanos da família.

39 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

According to the last paragraph

a) every human being is the same in many ways.
b) one is able to have only friends and arch-enemies in life.
c) even tough friends are equal, they differ when together.
d) despite friendship vary, one will always have each of them.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o último parágrafo

a) every human being is the same in many ways. todo ser humano é igual em muitos aspectos.
b) one is able to have only friends and arch-enemies in life. só se pode ter amigos e arquiinimigos na vida.
c) even tough friends are equal, they differ when together. mesmo amigos difíceis são iguais, eles diferem quando estão juntos.
d) despite friendship vary, one will always have each of them. apesar da amizade variar, sempre se terá cada um deles.

40 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

According to the information in the fourth and fifth paragraphs

a) the quality of American close friendships have been decreasing since the 1980's despite its quantity.
b) American's dependence on family is not as big as their dependence on a partner or spouse.
c) real friendships have been decreasing in some countries such as Russia and Asia.
d) in Middle East and Central Asia, friends born out of respect, fear and superiority standards.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com as informações do quarto e quinto parágrafos

a) the quality of American close friendships have been decreasing since the 1980's despite its quantity. a qualidade das amizades íntimas americanas tem diminuído desde a década de 1980, apesar da sua quantidade.
b) American's dependence on family is not as big as their dependence on a partner or spouse. A dependência dos americanos da família não é tão grande quanto a dependência do companheiro ou cônjuge.
c) real friendships have been decreasing in some countries such as Russia and Asia. as amizades verdadeiras têm diminuído em alguns países como a Rússia e a Ásia.
d) in Middle East and Central Asia, friends born out of respect, fear and superiority standards. no Médio Oriente e na Ásia Central, amigos nascidos de padrões de respeito, medo e superioridade.

41 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however" (lines 80-81).

The option that replaces the highlighted expression is

(A) so.
(B) though.
(C) thus.
(D) most likely.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Question that addresses the contextual use of conjunctions.

◼ (A) so.(portanto - transmite ideia de consequência)

- so - thus - hence - therefore.

◼ (B) though.(contudo - transmite ideia de contraste.

- THOUGH  no final de sentença pode ser substituído por 'but', 'however'.
◼ (C) thus.(portanto - transmite ideia de consequência)

◼ (D) most likely.(o mais provável - transmite ideia de possibilidade ou probabilidade).

➦ VALOR SEMÂNTICO da conjunção "however" ➜ expressa ideia de 'contraste' ou seja, é usada para contrastar uma sentença que acabou de ser dita.
➦ O uso do "though" no final de frase ENFATIZA ou EXPRESSA SURPRESA na última oração.
"[...] Children with Asperger syndrome and autism usually have some difficulty forming friendships. Socially crippling conditions like these are just one way that the social world is so difficult to thrive in. This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however."
(Crianças com síndrome de Asperger e autismo geralmente têm alguma dificuldade em formar amizades. Condições socialmente incapacitantes como essas são apenas uma das maneiras pelas quais o mundo social é tão difícil de se desenvolver. Isso não significa que elas não sejam capazes de formar amizades, no entanto.)
➦PAY ATTENTION:
1) THOUGH em final de sentença pode ser substituído por HOWEVER.

2) Os 3 grupos de contraste:

• But - However - Nevertheless - Nonetheless -  Notwithstanding.

• Though - Although - Even though - While - Whereas ➜ seguido de SUJEITO+ VERBO.

• Despite(apesar de), zero sujeito e seguido de gerúndio: Despite - In spite of.

42 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Choose the best option to complete the active form of the sentence:

“The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology” (lines 17 to 19).

The fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology ________ the study of friendship.

a) Include
b) have included 
c) are including
d) have been including

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

43 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Choose the option which shows the same kind of comparison in the underlined adjective in

“friendship is considered to be closer than association” (lines 13-14).

a) Americans have no best friends.
b) While less restricted in Russia.
c) Friendships are often more intense than relationship.
d) Everyone has at least one best friend.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Escolha a opção que mostra o mesmo tipo de comparação no adjetivo sublinhado em “friendship is considered to be closer than association” (a amizade é considerada mais próxima do que a associaçã).

a) Americans have no best friends. Os americanos não têm melhores amigos.
b) While less restricted in Russia. Embora menos restrito na Rússia.
c) Friendships are often more intense than relationship. As amizades costumam ser mais intensas que os relacionamentos.
d) Everyone has at least one best friend. Todo mundo tem pelo menos um melhor amigo.

44 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives" (lines 95-96).

The option that contains a synonym for the underlined expression is

(A) nevertheless.
(B) due to.
(C) therefore.
(D) although.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Question that addresses the contextual use of conjunctions.

◼ (A) nevertheless.(contudo - transmite ideia de contraste)

◼ (B) due to.(devido a - transmite ideia de causa)

◼ (C) therefore.(portanto - transmite ideia de consequência)

◼ (D) although.(apesar de - transmite ideia de contraste)

• VALOR SEMÂNTICO da conjunção "Nonetheless"(não obstante) ➜ expressa ideia de 'contraste' ou seja, é usada para contrastar uma sentença que acabou de ser dita.

"[...] Regardless of what we think, we can clearly see that there are some ways that friends, best friends and archenemies are the same, but in the end they are clearly more different. Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives."
(Independentemente do que pensamos, podemos ver claramente que existem algumas maneiras pelas quais amigos, melhores amigos e arquiinimigos são os mesmos, mas no final eles são claramente mais diferentes. No entanto, todos nós temos todos os tipos em nossas vidas.)

➦ PAY ATTENTION(Os 3 grupos de contraste):

• But - However - Nevertheless - Nonetheless -  Notwithstanding.

• Though - Although - Even though - While - Whereas ➜ seguido de SUJEITO+ VERBO.

• Despite(apesar de), zero sujeito e seguido de gerúndio: Despite - In spite of.

45 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Choose the option that shows the sentence

“good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services” (lines 86 to 88)

in the indirect speech form.

a) The text told good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
b) The text said us that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
c) The text told that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
d) The text said that good friends encouraged their friends to seek help and access services.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Choose the option that shows the sentence

“good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services” (lines 86 to 88)

in the indirect speech form.

a) The text told good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
b) The text said us that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
c) The text told that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
d) The text said that good friends encouraged their friends to seek help and access services.

46 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

“Good friends enhance their friend's coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems” (lines 88 to 90).

The highlighted word has the same meaning as in

a) engrave.
b) entreat.
c) enlighten.
d) enlist.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

“Good friends enhance their friend's coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems” (Bons amigos melhoram as capacidades dos seus amigos para lidar com doenças e outros problemas de saúde).

A palavra destacada tem o mesmo significado que em

a) engrave. gravar.
b) entreat. suplicar.
c) enlighten. esclarecer.
d) enlist. alistar-se.

47 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

The expression “coping skills” (line 89) is closest in meaning to

a) the capability to give up something.
b) the ability to manage something.
c) the position to resent something.
d) the condition to resign from something.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

A expressão “coping skills” (habilidades de enfrentamento) tem o significado mais próximo de

a) the capability to give up something. a capacidade de desistir de algo.
b) the ability to manage something. a capacidade de gerenciar algo.
c) the position to resent something. a posição de se ressentir de algo.
d) the condition to resign from something. a condição de renunciar a algo.

48 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

In the sentence

“there is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link” (lines 84-85),

it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly in

a) when.
b) how.
c) whom.
d) which.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: