FGV-SP-ECONOMIA-2006-1º SEMESTRE-Vestibular da Fundação Getúlio Vargas-Prof° Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e Questões Comentadas.

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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova INGLÊS-FGV-SP-Fundação Getúlio Vargas-ECONOMIA-SP-VESTIBULAR-2006-1º SEMESTRE. Prova aplicada em 12/2005.

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A prova de inglês tem 15 questões do tipo múltipla escolha(A,B,C,D,E).
LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais,revistas, websites, dicionários a seguir, é um excelente treino para a provas de inglês da FGV-ECONOMIA.
➦www.economist.com
➦www.prospectmagazine.co.uk
➦www.naturalhistorymag.com
➦www.lrb.co.uk
➦Chambers Dictionary World History
➦http://time.com
➦www.nytimes.com
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[a]Banca/Organizador 

https://vestibular.fgv.br/

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 

➦ A prova de Inglês é composta por 15 questões.
➦ Foco: 
•Compreensão Textual de eventos atuais de relevância mundial.
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[c] FONTES TEXTUAIS presentes nas provas da FGV-ECONOMIA :
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➦Revista Britânica: THE ECONOMIST.

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➦Revista Britânica: PROSPECT.

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➦Revista Norte-Americana: NATURAL HISTORY.

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➦Jornal Norte-Americano: INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE.

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➦Periódico britânico: LONDON REVIEW OF BOOKS -www.lrb.co.uk.

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➦Dicionário da História Mundial: CHAMBERS DICTIONARY OF WORLD HISTORY.

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➦Jornal norte-americana: THE NEW YORK TIMES, www.nytimes.com.

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[c] DICTIONARY 

Caso necessário,sugiro que consulte os excelentes dicionários a seguir:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pt/dicionario/ingles/grotesque
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http:/www.macmillandictionary.com/

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🔄 VERBS :
➽[ ➝ ]
•[
🔄 PHRASAL VERBS:
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):
➽[ ➝ ]   
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões VERBAIS EM GERAL:
➽[ ➝ ] 
🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso :
➽[ ➝ ] 

🔄Expressões comuns :
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas :
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO :
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões/Vocábulos técnicos :
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=indica posse):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Questions:
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Falso cognato:

➽[ ➝ ]
* → .
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Agora, vamos à prova.
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As questões de números 76 a 81 referem-se ao Texto 1.
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TEXTO 1

BRAZIL’S ECONOMY EXPANDS MORE THAN EXPECTED

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1
SAO PAULO, Brazil – Brazil’s economy expanded more than expected in the second quarter despite sky-high interest rates imposed by the central bank in a bid to keep inflation in check, the government said Wednesday.
2.
Gross domestic product in South America’s largest economy grew at a rate of 3.9 percent from April through June compared with the same period a year ago, according to the Brazilian Census Bureau. Analysts surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires had predicted a rate of 3.3 percent.
3.
The news helped push stocks up 0.2 percent on Brazil’s benchmark Bovespa exchange in Wednesday morning trading. The country’s currency, the real, rose 0.4 percent against the U.S. dollar. The GDP result could prompt analysts to raise their outlook for Brazil’s overall 2005 growth. Estimates currently range from 2.8 percent to 3.5 percent.
4.
The second quarter result showed that companies are increasing their investments in machinery and equipment even though the benchmark Selic lending rate stands at a towering 19.75 percent. But the rate, one of the highest in the world, has helped bring annual inflation down to an estimated 5.3 percent for 2005, close to the government’s target of 5.1 percent. The census bureau also revised first quarter growth down, to 2.8 percent from the previously reported 2.9 percent compared to the same period in 2004.
(AP) August 31, 2005
(http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews.
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👉 Questão  76 :
According to Dow Jones Newswires, Brazil’s economy a) reached the forecasted rate of 3.3 percent.
b) would exceed the expected rate in the first term of 2005.
c) has been showing a stable behavior since April 2004.
d) should reach a 3.3 percent growth rate in the second quarter of 2005.
e) was quite surprising in the second semester of 2005.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Analysts surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires had predicted a rate of 3.3 percent."
• to survey = pesquisar
• to predict = prever
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👉 Questão  77 :
The Brazilian Central Bank
a) keeps very high interest rates in order to control inflation.
b) should lower interest rates because inflation has already been controlled.
c) believes that a 3.3 percent interest would slow down GDP growth.
d) lowered GDP from 3.9 to 3.3 to keep Brazilian currency undervalued.
e) has been acting unexpectedly towards sky-high Selic lending rate.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] despite sky-high interest rates imposed by the central bank in a bid to keep inflation in check,"
• interest rates = taxas de juros
• bid = tentativa
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👉 Questão  78 :
The GDP growth in the second quarter
a) made estimates rise from 2.8 to 3.5 percent.
b) lowered stocks 0.2 percent on the same day news came up.
c) showed a contradictory analysis between Dow Jones and Bovespa expectations.
d) will increase to 5.3 the growth rate in the following quarter.
e) prompted the real rise against the US dollar.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] The country’s currency, the real, rose 0.4 percent against the U.S. dollar.”
• to rise = aumentar
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👉 Questão  79 :
The 19.75 percent Selic lending rate
a) stimulated companies to invest in the stock market.
b) is one of the highest in the world.
c) will make the government revise the inflation target to 2.8 percent.
d) increased machinery and equipment imports.
e) is controlled by the Brazilian Census Bureau.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] But the rate, one of the highest in the world,...”
• rate = taxa
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👉 Questão  80 :
In the sentence of the 4th paragraph – The second quarter result showed that companies are increasing their investments in machinery and equipment even though the benchmark Selic lending rate stands at a towering 19.75 percent – the expression even though introduces
a) a cause.
b) a result.
c) a contrast.
d) an alternative.
e) a comparison.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...]O resultado do segundo trimestre mostrou que as companhias estão aumentando seus investimentos em maquinários e equipamentos, ainda que a referência da taxa de empréstimos Selic esteja a um patamar elevado de 19.75 por cento.” – a expressão ainda que introduz a idéia de contraste.
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👉 Questão  81 :
In the second quarter, the GDP growth rate exceeded the expected one and reached
a) 3.9
b) 3.5
c) 3.3
d) 2.9
e) 2.8
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Brazil’s economy expanded more than expected in the second quarter...” “Gross domestic product in South America’s largest economy grew at a rate of 3.9 percent from April through June compared with the same period a year ago, according to the Brazilian Census Bureau. Analysts surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires had predicted a rate of 3.3 percent."

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As questões de números 82 a 90 referem-se ao Texto 2.
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TEXTO 2

BUREAUCRACY BOGS DOWN BRAZIL IN RACE FOR GROWTH

Thu Sep 1, 2005

By Todd Benson

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1.
RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil (Reuters) – Brazil is closing the gap in the global race for growth and investment, but it still must tackle a series of politically sensitive economic reforms to be considered in the same league as China and India, analysts and business leaders say.
2.
A decade ago, Brazil was a rising star among emerging markets, poised to assert itself as a world economic powerhouse. But since 1994, Brazil has dropped to 14th place from eighth among the world’s largest economies in dollar terms, losing ground to countries like China, India and Russia.
3.
What went wrong? While Brazil has made significant strides in recent years in stabilizing its economy by defeating hyperinflation and controlling spending, it has struggled to push through a series of so-called microeconomic reforms that would create a more business-friendly environment and attract the investment needed to attain higher growth rates, according to economists and corporate leaders at a conference in Rio de Janeiro over Wednesday and Thursday.
4.
“On the macroeconomic side, we’ve done our homework,” said Mario Marconini, a senior adviser to the Sao Paulo State Federation of Industries, an influential business lobby. “But we would probably get two to three times as much investment if we focused more on the microeconomic reforms that are needed.”
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RED TAPE THICKET
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5.
One way Brazil could attract more investment would be to simplify the thicket of red tape that entrepreneurs must hack through to set up shop in South America’s largest economy. According to one World Bank study, it takes on average 152 days in Brazil to license a new business. By contrast, in Chile it takes 27 days, and just five in the United States.
6.
Other obstacles to more robust economic growth include the country’s snail-paced justice system and its rigid labor code, which dates back to 1943 and was inspired by fascist Italy. Though the cost of labor in Brazil is relatively low, benefits mandated by the labor code mean workers end up costing as much as their counterparts in some parts of Europe.
7.
Brazil’s bureaucracy means that many entrepreneurs who try to open a business legally often give up. Instead, most simply operate off the books, generating an underground economy that is thought to be nearly half the size of the official output.
8.
A bigger problem hamstringing Brazil’s long-term  growth prospects is education. Though the government has invested heavily in primary education over the last decade, Brazil still has a relatively small pool of skilled workers, putting it at a disadvantage with emerging-market rivals like China and India. “Education is our weakest link, no doubt,” said Jose Carlos Grubisich, chief executive of petrochemical giant Braskem.

(http://today.reuters.com/business/newsarticle.aspx. Adaptado)

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👉 Questão  82 :
According to the text, one of the problems Brazil faces is
a) high growth rates.
b) a wide gap in global investment.
c) that it is a rising star among emerging markets.
d) that it is the 8th world’s economy in dollar terms.
e) the lack of a business-friendly environment.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] it has struggled to push through a series of so-called microeconomic reforms that would create a more business-friendly environment"
• to struggle = esforçar-se
• to push through = aprovar
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👉 Questão  83 : 
Brazil made significant improvement to stabilize its economy due to
a) hyperinflation control.
b) successful microeconomic reforms.
c) macroeconomic mismanagement.
d) politically sensitive measures.
e) a series of influential business lobbies.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] While Brazil has made significant strides in recent years in stabilizing its economy by defeating hyperinflation and controlling spending."
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👉 Questão  84 :
In order to increase investment, Brazil should
a) increase the cost of labor as well as the benefits mandated by the labor code.
b) protect the entrepreneurs that operate off the books.
c) enforce justice as it is but modernize the outdated labor code.
d) diminish unnecessary bureaucracy that slows down the legal process to open a business.
e) punish entrepreneurs who operate the underground economy.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] One way Brazil could attract more investment would be to simplify the thicket of red tape that entrepreneurs must hack through to set up shop in South America’s largest economy."
• red tape = burocracia
• to hack through = abrir caminho
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👉 Questão  85 :
Education is a major problem that slows down Brazil’s growth prospects because
a) China and India have an even worse educational problem.
b) there is a small number of specialized workers.
c) a major investment in primary education is under way.
d) Russia has invested in technical education.
e) emerging-market rivals have a larger population than Brazil.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] A bigger problem hamstringing Brazil’s long-term growth prospects is education. Though the government has invested heavily in primary education over the last decade, Brazil still has a relatively small pool of skilled workers,"
• to hamstring = dificultar
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👉 Questão  86 :
The part of the 5th paragraph of the text – According to one World Bank study, it takes on average 152 days in Brazil to license a new business. By contrast, in Chile it takes 27 days, and just five in the United States.
a) is an example of bureaucracy in Brazil.
b) argues against Brazil’s snail-paced justice.
c) praises the labor code in Chile and the United States.
d) demonstrates that Brazil is doing better than Chile.
e) shows that education is not such a big problem.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] De acordo com um estudo do Banco Mundial, no Brasil demora-se em média 152 dias para abrir um novo negócio. Em contraste, no Chile são necessários 27 dias e apenas cinco nos Estados Unidos.
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👉 Questão  87 :
In the sentence of the 3rd paragraph – While Brazil has made significant strides in recent years in stabilizing its economy by defeating hyperinflation and controlling spending, it has struggled… – the word While can be substituted, without changing the meaning, for
a) when.
b) however.
c) therefore.
d) through.
e) though.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Enquanto o Brasil tem dado passos significativos em anos recentes para estabilizar sua economia derrotando sua hiperinflação e controlando gastos, tem lutado...”, a palavra while pode ser substituída, sem mudar o sentido, para though (= enquanto, embora).
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👉 Questão  88 :
In the sentence of the 2nd paragraph – … losing ground to countries like China, India and Russia. – the word like introduces
a) a preference.
b) an example.
c) a possibility.
d) a sequence of events.
e) an evaluation.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] But since 1994, Brazil has dropped to 14th place from eighth among the world’s largest economies in dollar terms, losing ground to countries like China, India and Russia."
• to drop = cair
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👉 Questão  89 :
In the sentence of the 6th paragraph – Though the cost of labor in Brazil is relatively low, benefits mandated by the labor code mean workers end up costing as much as their counterparts in some parts of Europe. – the word their refers to
a) benefits.
b) cost of labor in Brazil.
c) counterparts in Russia.
d) workers in Brazil.
e) counterparts in some parts of Europe.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Embora o custo do trabalho seja relativamente baixo, benefícios exigidos pelo código do trabalhador acabam custando tanto quanto o de seus similares da Europa"
* THEIR refere-se aos trabalhadores no Brasil.
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👉 Questão  90 :
Among the emerging markets, Brazil is compared to a) Chile and the United States.
b) China and Chile.
c) China and India.
d) parts of Europe and Russia.
e) South American economies.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Brazil still has a relatively small pool of skilled workers, putting it at a disadvantage with emergingmarket rivals like China and India."
• pool = grupo
• skilled workers = trabalhadores qualificados