Postagens
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: AFA-2011-CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF-15/08/2010.
www.fab.mil.br
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ 20 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.
❑ GABARITO:
01-C, 02-B, 03-D, 04-D
05-A, 06-C, 07-B, 08-D
09-A, 10-B, 11-D, 12-B
13-A, 14-D, 15-C, 16-D
17-C, 18-B, 19-C, 20-A
❑ PROVA:
❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text and answer questions 01 and 02 according to it.
When football _____ professional in South Africa in 1959, 12
clubs broke from the amateur ranks. However, in the strict
days of Apartheid, these pioneers _____ whites-only
organizations and _____ today, all but a few, defunct.
One of
the survivors is Arcadia from Tshwane/ Pretoria, an outfit that
today competes in the amateur ranks and concentrates on
junior football.
01 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
http://www.fifa.com/worldcup
Mark the alternative which completes the gaps from the text correctly.
(A) had gone – have been – were
(B) have been – have been – would be
(C) went – were – are
(D) was – had been – will be
(C) went – were – are
(D) was – had been – will be
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - TEMPO VERBAL & RELAÇÕES SEMÂNTICAS CONTEXTUAIS :
➭ 1ª LACUNA:
- When football went professional in South Africa in 1959, 12 clubs broke from the amateur ranks. – Quando o futebol TORNOU-SE (ou FOI PARA O) profissional na África do Sul em 1959, 12 clubes deixaram de ser amadores.
-EXPLICAÇÃO: A 1ª lacuna é indicativa de verbo no passado (past simple) para fazer coerência com a data especificada do evento (in 1952).
-A forma 'was' (era, foi) não faz coesão na sentença, pois a ideia contextual é "quando o futebol TORNOU-SE(ou FOI PARA O) profissional na África do Sul em 1959" e não "quando o futebol ERA(ou FOI) profissional na África do Sul em 1959".
- Então, resposta correta é alternativa (A).
- Veja o fragmento devidamente completo:
"When football went professional in South Africa in 1959, 12 clubs broke from the amateur ranks. However, in the strict days of Apartheid, these pioneers were whites-only organizations and are today, all but a few, defunct. One of the survivors is Arcadia from Tshwane/ Pretoria, an outfit that today competes in the amateur ranks and concentrates on junior football."
(Quando o futebol TORNOU-SE(ou FOI PARA O) profissional na África do Sul em 1959, 12 clubes partiram das fileiras amadoras. No entanto, nos dias rigorosos do Apartheid, esses pioneiros ERAM organizações só de brancos e ESTÃO hoje, todos, exceto alguns, desaparecidos. Um dos sobreviventes é Arcadia de Tshwane/Pretoria, uma roupa que hoje compete nas fileiras amadoras e se concentra no futebol junior.)
(Quando o futebol TORNOU-SE(ou FOI PARA O) profissional na África do Sul em 1959, 12 clubes partiram das fileiras amadoras. No entanto, nos dias rigorosos do Apartheid, esses pioneiros ERAM organizações só de brancos e ESTÃO hoje, todos, exceto alguns, desaparecidos. Um dos sobreviventes é Arcadia de Tshwane/Pretoria, uma roupa que hoje compete nas fileiras amadoras e se concentra no futebol junior.)
02 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
The text affirms that
(A) days of Apartheid were extinguished as well as the
prejudice against black football players.
(B) the pioneers of profession football in South Africa were basically white.
(C) there are no more organizations (professional or amateur) like the ones from the past.
(D) in early 50’s in South Africa there weren’t amateur football clubs anymore.
(B) the pioneers of profession football in South Africa were basically white.
(C) there are no more organizations (professional or amateur) like the ones from the past.
(D) in early 50’s in South Africa there weren’t amateur football clubs anymore.
• ANSWER (B)
- The text affirms that...
(A) days of Apartheid were extinguished as well as the prejudice against black football players.
(A) days of Apartheid were extinguished as well as the prejudice against black football players.
(os dias de apartheid foram extintos, assim como o preconceito contra os jogadores negros de futebol.)
(B) the pioneers of profession football in South Africa were basically white.
(os pioneiros do futebol profissional na África do Sul eram basicamente brancos.)
(C) there are no more organizations (professional or amateur) like the ones from the past.
(já não existem organizações (profissionais ou amadoras) como as do passado.)
(D) in early 50’s in South Africa there weren’t amateur football clubs anymore.
(no início dos anos 50 na África do Sul não havia mais clubes de futebol amador.)
- A questão 02 é sobre relações semânticas entre partes do texto, procedimentos de coesão e coerência, conhecimento lexical.
- A alternativa (A) sugere que os dias de apartheid foram extintos, assim como o preconceito contra os jogadores negros de futebol. Isso não faz o menor sentido. O substantivo "Apartheid" foi mencionado contextualmente de uma outra forma, quando o texto afirma que nos dias rigorosos do Apartheid, esses pioneiros eram organizações só de brancos e estão hoje, todos, exceto alguns, desaparecidos. Portanto não foi tratado aqui os temas extinção do Apartheid nem preconceito contra jogadores de futebol negros.
- A alternativa (B) sugere que 'os pioneiros do futebol profissional na África do Sul eram basicamente brancos'. Exatamente, faz coerência com o texto que afirma que os pioneiros do futebol profissional na África do Sul eram na sua maioria brancos, devido ao Apartheid(ou segregação racial), portanto alternativa .
- A alternativa (C) sugere que 'já não existem organizações (profissionais ou amadoras) como as do passado.' O texto afirma categoricamente que eram organizações só de brancos e estão HOJE, TODOS, exceto alguns, desaparecidos, vê no trecho 'these pioneers were whites-only organizations and are today, all but a few, defunct.'
- A alternativa (D) sugere que 'no início dos anos 50 na África do Sul não havia mais clubes de futebol amador', o que não faz o menor sentido contextual, pois o que foi mencionado é que quando o futebol foi para o profissional na África do Sul em 1959, 12 clubes partiram das fileiras amadoras.
❑ TEXTO 2:
03 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
According to the cartoon, FIFA
(A) pretends to improve the world.
(B) mustn’t be considered an empire.
(C) wants to have control over the Roman, Genghis Khan’s,
and British Empires.
(D) has more ambitious purposes than the others.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA, ELEMENTOS NÃO VERBAIS, ELEMENTOS VERBAIS:
- According to the cartoon, FIFA...
(A) pretends to improve the world. – finge melhorar o mundo.
(B) mustn’t be considered an empire. – não tem que ser considerada um império.
(C) wants to have control over the Roman, Genghis Khan’s,
and British Empires. – quer ter controle sobre os impérios romano, de Genghis Khan e britânico.
(D) has more ambitious purposes than the others. – tem propósitos mais ambiciosos do que os outros.
(B) mustn’t be considered an empire. – não tem que ser considerada um império.
(C) wants to have control over the Roman, Genghis Khan’s,
and British Empires. – quer ter controle sobre os impérios romano, de Genghis Khan e britânico.
(D) has more ambitious purposes than the others. – tem propósitos mais ambiciosos do que os outros.
- A questão 02 objetiva identificar fato associado à critica presente no cartum.
- O 1º quadrinho 'The Empire Roman' exibe o imperador romano contemplando as conquistas no continente europeu.
- O 2º quadrinho 'Genghis Khan’s Empire' exibe o imperador mongol contemplando as conquistas no continente asiático.
- O 3º quadrinho 'British Empire' exibe a rainha britânica contemplando as conquistas em vários continente.
- O 4º quadrinho 'FIFA' exibe o representante da FIFA com a mão posta em um GLOBO desdenhando os outros impérios com o dizer "Amateurs!" (Amadores!).
- Considerando os elementos (VERBAIS E NÃO-VERBAIS), infere-se que a FIFA possui propósitos muito mais ambiciosos que os outros impérios do passado que conquistavam somente partes do mundo, demonstrando-se, portanto, a FIFA um império atual ainda mais poderoso que os demais do passado.
➧ TEXT: Read the text about the South Africans and answer questions 04 to 06.
Many South Africans remain poor and unemployment is high − a factor blamed for a wave of violent attacks against migrant workers from other African countries in 2008 and protests by township residents over poor living conditions during the summer of 2009.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/
2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1071886.stm
Mark the alternative that completes the gap with the correct
verbal tense.
verbal tense.
(A) Have
(B) Has
(C) Had
(D) Having
(B) Has
(C) Had
(D) Having
• ANSWER (D)
- Mark the alternative that completes the gap with the correct
verbal tense.
" _____ land acquisition on a "willing buyer, willing seller" basis, officials have signaled that large-scale expropriations are on the cards."
(Depois da aquisição de terras na base de "comprador voluntário, vendedor voluntário", as autoridades sinalizaram que expropriações em grande escala estão previstas.)
◼ (A) Have
◼ (B) Has
◼ (C) Had
◼ (D) Having
◼ (B) Has
◼ (C) Had
◼ (D) Having
- A questão 04 é sobre uso da phrase "HAVING done something".
- A phrase is a short group of words that people often use as a way of saying something.(COLLINS DICTIONARY)
- HAVING done something / HAVING been
(phrase) means after you have done something/after something has happened to you. (MACMILLAN DICTIONARY)
(phrase) means after you have done something/after something has happened to you. (MACMILLAN DICTIONARY)
- Portanto, a sentença completa é:
" Having land acquisition on a "willing buyer, willing seller" basis, officials have signaled that large-scale expropriations are on the cards."
(Depois da aquisição de terras na base de "comprador voluntário, vendedor voluntário", as autoridades sinalizaram que expropriações em grande escala estão previstas.)
- EXPLANATION:
1) HAVE, HAS e HAD são verbos e a sentença dada não é um "imperativo", portanto tais verbos jamais poderão gramaticalmente introduzir a oração acima.
2) Veja mais exemplos com a phrase "HAVING done something / HAVING been":
• Having spent over £100 on repairs, she wasn’t expecting any more problems.(Depois de gastar mais de £ 100 em reparos, ela não esperava mais problemas.)
• Having been warned of the danger, I took extra precautions.(Depois de avisado do perigo, tomei precauções extras.)
- A sentença completa
05 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
According to the text,
(A) a large number of Africans continue to live under bad condition.
(B) Africans are highly improving their quality of life.
(C) unemployed South Africans migrate to other countries.
(D) violence is everywhere in Africa.
(B) Africans are highly improving their quality of life.
(C) unemployed South Africans migrate to other countries.
(D) violence is everywhere in Africa.
• ANSWER (A)
- According to the text,
◼ (A) a large number of Africans continue to live under bad condition.
(um grande número de africanos continua a viver em más condições.)
◼ (B) Africans are highly improving their quality of life.
(Os africanos estão melhorando muito sua qualidade de vida.)
◼ (C) unemployed South Africans migrate to other countries.
(os sul-africanos desempregados migram para outros países.)
◼ (D) violence is everywhere in Africa.
(a violência está em toda parte na África.)
- A questão 05 é sobre relações semânticas entre partes do texto, expressão semanticamente equivalente a outra, procedimentos de coesão e coerência, conhecimento lexical.
• EXPLANATION:
1) A alternativa (A) sugere "a large number of Africans continue to live under bad condition."
- Perceba a equivalência de expressões presentes no texto e na alternativa:
- "Many South Africans"(texto) e "a large number of Africans".
- "poor living conditions"(texto) e "under bad condition".
- Vejas os trechos:
"[...] Many South Africans remain poor and unemployment is high"
"[...] and protests by township residents over poor living conditions during the summer of 2009."
- Portanto, a referida alternativa está correta.
2) A alternativa (B) sugere que " Africans are highly improving their quality of life."
- Note que "highly improving their quality of life" não é equivamente semanticamente a "remain poor" e "unemployment is high".
- Trecho do texto:
"[...] Many South Africans remain poor and unemployment is high"(Muitos sul-africanos continuam pobres e o desemprego é alto)
3) A alternativa (C) sugere que "unemployed South Africans migrate to other countries."
- Segundo o texto, não foram os sul-africanos desempregados que migraram para outros países, e sim, trabalhadores de outros países da África que migraram para a África do Sul.
- Trecho do texto:
"[...] a wave of violent attacks against migrant workers from other African countries in 2008"(uma onda de ataques violentos contra trabalhadores migrantes de outros países africanos em 2008)
4) A alternativa (D) sugere que " violence is everywhere in Africa."
- O advérbio "everywhere"(Todo lugar/por toda parte).
- A alternativa (D) extrapola o texto ao afirmar que a violência
está por toda parte na África.
- O texto trata dos sul-africanos, veja:
"[...] Many South Africans remain poor and unemployment is high − a factor blamed for a wave of violent attacks against migrant workers from other African countries in 2008 and protests by township residents over poor living conditions during the summer of 2009."
(Muitos sul-africanos continuam pobres e o desemprego é alto - um fator responsabilizado por uma onda de ataques violentos contra trabalhadores migrantes de outros países africanos em 2008 e protestos de residentes de vilas sobre as más condições de vida durante o verão de 2009.)
Mark the correct question to the answer below.
"The government aims to transfer 30% of farmland to black South Africans by 2014."
(A) Who transferred 30% of farmland?
(B) Why did the government transfer 30% of farmland?
(C) What does the government want to do?
(D) Where does the government purchase part of the farmland?
• ANSWER (C)
- Marque a pergunta correta para a resposta abaixo.
"The government aims to transfer 30% of farmland to black South Africans by 2014."
"The government aims to transfer 30% of farmland to black South Africans by 2014."
(O governo pretende transferir 30% das terras agrícolas para os sul-africanos negros até 2014.)
◼ (A) Who transferred 30% of farmland?
◼ (B) Whydid the government transfer 30% of farmland?
◼ (C) What does the government want to do?(O que o governo quer fazer?)
◼ (B) Why
◼ (C) What does the government want to do?(O que o governo quer fazer?)
◼ (D) Where does the government purchase part of the farmland?(Onde o governo compra parte das terras agrícolas?)
- A questão 06 é sobre WH question words, tempo verbal da resposta, tempo verbal da pergunta, procedimentos de coesão e coerência e conhecimento lexical.
- Na relação PERGUNTA/RESPOSTA, os tempos verbais têm que ser os mesmos.
- No caso, o TEMPO CONTEXTUAL da sentença "The government aims to transfer 30% of farmland to black South Africans by 2014." é o PRESENT SIMPLE(aims) o que elimina de imediato as perguntas das alternativas (A) e (B) que estão no passado.
- Restaram as perguntas 'What does the government want to do?' e Where does the government purchase part of the farmland?.
- A pergunta "Onde o governo comprou parte das terras?" não tem o menor sentido com a resposta 'O governo pretende transferir 30% das terras agrícolas para os sul-africanos negros até 2014.'
- Portanto apenas a pergunta 'What does the government want to do?' faz relação semântica com a resposta 'The government aims to transfer 30% of farmland to black South Africans by 2014.'
➧ TEXT: Answer questions 07 and 08 according to the text below.
South Africa has the second-highest number of HIV/Aids patients in the world. Around one in seven of its citizens is infected with HIV. Free anti-retroviral drugs are available under a state-funded scheme.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/
2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1071886.stm
07 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)It’s correct to say that
(A) there are seven people infected by HIV/Aids in each different city of South Africa.
(B) among seven inhabitants from South Africa at least one is infected by HIV/Aids.
(C) one person per city is infected by HIV/Aids in South Africa.
(D) almost seven people are infected by HIV/Aids in each city of South Africa.
(B) among seven inhabitants from South Africa at least one is infected by HIV/Aids.
(C) one person per city is infected by HIV/Aids in South Africa.
(D) almost seven people are infected by HIV/Aids in each city of South Africa.
• ANSWER (B)
- É correto dizer que...
◼ (A) there are seven people infected by HIV/Aids in each different city of South Africa.
◼ (A) there are seven people infected by HIV/Aids in each different city of South Africa.
(Há sete pessoas infectadas pelo HIV / Aids em cada cidade diferente da África do Sul.)
◼ (B) among seven inhabitants from South Africa at least one is infected by HIV/Aids.
(entre sete habitantes da África do Sul, pelo menos um está infectado pelo HIV/Aids.)
◼ (C) one person per city is infected by HIV/Aids in South Africa.
(uma pessoa por cidade está infectada com HIV / Aids na África do Sul.)
◼ (D) almost seven people are infected by HIV/Aids in each city of South Africa.
(quase sete pessoas estão infectadas pelo HIV / Aids em cada cidade da África do Sul.)
- A questão 07 é sobre relações semânticas entre partes do texto, expressão semanticamente equivalente a outra, procedimentos de coesão e coerência, conhecimento lexical.
• EXPLANATION:
1) A alternativa (A) sugere que 'there are seven people infected by HIV/Aids in each different city of South Africa.'
- "there are seven people"(há sete pessoas) e "Around one in seven"(Cerca de um em cada sete) não são equivalentes.
- Trecho do texto:
"[...] Around one in seven of its citizens is infected with HIV."
2) A alternativa (B) sugere que 'among seven inhabitants from South Africa at least one is infected by HIV/Aids.'
- As expressões 'among seven inhabitants' e 'at least one ' fazem relação semântica com 'Around one in seven'.
3) A alternativa (C) sugere que 'one person per city is infected by HIV/Aids in South Africa.'
- A expressão 'one person per city ' não faz relação semântica com 'Around one in seven'.
4) A alternativa (D) sugere que 'almost seven people are infected by HIV/Aids in each city of South Africa.'
- A expressão 'almost seven people' não faz relação semântica com 'Around one in seven'.
08 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
The free anti-retroviral drugs
(A) must be bought.
(B) cannot be brought to the citizens.
(C) are not allowed to be obtained.
(D) can be acquired freely.
(B) cannot be brought to the citizens.
(C) are not allowed to be obtained.
(D) can be acquired freely.
• ANSWER (D)
- Os medicamentos anti-retrovirais gratuitos...
- Os medicamentos anti-retrovirais gratuitos...
◼ (A) must be bought.
(tem que ser comprados)
◼ (B) cannot be brought to the citizens.
(não podem ser levados aos cidadãos.)
◼ (C) are not allowed to be obtained.
(não podem ser obtidos.)
◼ (D) can be acquired freely.
(podem ser adquiridos livremente.)
- A questão 08 é sobre relações semânticas entre partes do texto, procedimentos de coesão e coerência, conhecimento lexical.
- Sobre os "The free anti-retroviral drugs", é dito apenas que: "[...] Free anti-retroviral drugs are available under a state-funded scheme."(os medicamentos anti-retrovirais gratuitos estão disponíveis em um esquema financiado pelo estado.)
- Note que os adjetivos FREE(gratuíto) e AVALABLE(disponível) qualificam de forma objetiva os medicamentos anti-retrovirais o que podemos inferir que:
* Não tem que ser comprados porque eles são gratuítos.
* podem ser levados aos cidadãos de forma gratuíta.
* podem ser obtidos de forma gratuíta.
* podem ser adquiridos livremente.
➧ TEXT:
The Lion King
This article is about Disney's 1994 film.
1
The Lion King is a 1994 American animated feature
produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation. Released to theaters on June 15, 1994 by Walt Disney Pictures, it is the 32nd film in the Walt Disney Animated Classics. The story, which was influenced by the Bible stories of Joseph and Moses and the William Shakespeare play Hamlet, takes place in a kingdom of anthropomorphic animals in Africa. The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo.2
The Lion King still holds the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history and belongs to an era known as the Disney Renaissance. The Lion King is the highest grossing 2D animated film of all time in the United States, and received positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story. During its release in 1994, the film grossed more than $783 million worldwide, becoming the most successful film released that year, and it is currently the twenty-eighth highest-grossing feature film.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion_King
GLOSSARY:
Feature film – a film that is 90 or more minutes longGross – total
Release – make public
Praise – show approval
09 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
Read the sentences below extracted from the text and mark the alternative that has the only ones in the Passive Voice.
I. “The Lion King is a 1994 American animated feature produced by Walt Disney...” (lines 1,2)
II. “Released to theaters on June 15, 1994 by Walt Disney Pictures.” (lines 2,3)
III. “The story, which was influenced by the Bible stories of Joseph and Moses and the William Shakespeare play Hamlet...” (lines 4 to 6)
IV. “The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo.” (lines 8, 9)
(A) I and III.
(B) II and IV.
(C) III and II.
(D) IV and I.
• ANSWER (A)
- Leia as sentenças abaixo extraídas do texto e marque a alternativa que possui apenas na Voz Passiva.
I. “The Lion King is a 1994 American animated feature produced by Walt Disney...” (lines 1,2)
II. “Released to theaters on June 15, 1994 by Walt Disney Pictures.” (lines 2,3)
III. “The story, which was influenced by the Bible stories of Joseph and Moses and the William Shakespeare play Hamlet...” (lines 4 to 6)
IV. “The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo.” (lines 8, 9)
I. “The Lion King is a 1994 American animated feature produced by Walt Disney...” (lines 1,2)
II. “Released to theaters on June 15, 1994 by Walt Disney Pictures.” (lines 2,3)
III. “The story, which was influenced by the Bible stories of Joseph and Moses and the William Shakespeare play Hamlet...” (lines 4 to 6)
IV. “The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo.” (lines 8, 9)
- A questão 09 objetiva a identificação de sentença na PASSIVE VOICE.
◼ Passive Voice is the relationship between a subject and a verb in which the subject receives the action of the verb, or the verb forms which show this relationship.(CAMBRIDGE DICTONARY)
◼ Active Voice is the grammatical form in which the subject performs the action of the verb.(CAMBRIDGE DICTONARY)
◼ A formação da PASSIVE VOICE é: [subject+ [pacote TO BE]+Participle Past do Main Verb]+OBJECT]
◼ A formação da ACTIVE VOICE é: [SUBJECT + VERB+OBJECT]
- Na sentença (I) “The Lion King is a 1994 American animated feature produced by Walt Disney...” a forma verbal IS PRODUCED está na voz passiva(be+Participle Past), onde IS é o verbo 'to be' no simple present e PRODUCED é o main verb 'to produce' no participle past.
- (II) “Released to theaters on June 15, 1994 by Walt Disney Pictures.” não é uma oração porque não tem verbo. Trata-se de uma 'phrase'. Portanto não há se falar aqui de voz ativa ou voz passiva. 'Released to'(liberado para, lançado para) é locução adjetiva, não é verbo.
- Na sentença (III) “The story, which was influenced by the Bible stories of Joseph and Moses and the William Shakespeare play Hamlet...” a forma verbal WAS INFLUENCED está na voz passiva(be+Participle Past), onde WAS é o verbo 'to be' no simple past e INFLUENCED é o main verb 'to influence' no participle past.
- Na sentença (IV) “The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo.” a forma verbal WAS está na voz ativa(sujeito+verb+objeto), onde WAS é o verbo 'to be' no simple past.
10 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
The sentences below taken from the text were changed into Indirect Speech.
Mark the one that was changed correctly.
(A) The author quoted that the film is being the highest grossing animated film of all time. (lines 8, 9)
(B) The text mentioned that The Lion King still held the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history. (lines 9,10, 11)
(C) The text assumed that the movie was receiving positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story. (lines 14 to 16)
(D) The movie has been currently the twenty-eighth highestgrossing feature film. (lines 18, 19)
• ANSWER (B)
As frases abaixo retiradas do texto foram transformadas em Fala Indireta.
Marque aquele que foi alterado corretamente.
(A) The author quoted that the film is being the highest grossing animated film of all time. (lines 8, 9)
(B) The text mentioned that The Lion King still held the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history. (lines 9,10, 11)
(C) The text assumed that the movie was receiving positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story. (lines 14 to 16)
(D) The movie has been currently the twenty-eighth highestgrossing feature film. (lines 18, 19)
(B) The text mentioned that The Lion King still held the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history. (lines 9,10, 11)
(C) The text assumed that the movie was receiving positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story. (lines 14 to 16)
(D) The movie has been currently the twenty-eighth highestgrossing feature film. (lines 18, 19)
- A questão 09 objetiva a identificação de sentença no INDIRECT SPEECH.
1) A alternativa (A) sugere 'The author quoted that the film is being the highest grossing animated film of all time.'
- No texto: The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo.
- Na conversão: [Simple Past](was) → [Past Perfect](had been)
- Indirect Speech : The film had been the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo.
2) A alternativa (B) sugere 'The text mentioned that The Lion King still held the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history'
- No texto: The Lion King still holds the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history.
- Na conversão: [Simple Present](holds) → [Simple Past](held).
- to hold(manter) = hold / held / held
- Indirect Speech : The film held the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo.
(O filme manteve a maior bilheteria de animação de todos os tempos até o lançamento de Procurando Nemo.)
3) A alternativa (C) sugere 'The text assumed that the movie was receiving positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story.'
- No texto: The Lion King is the highest grossing 2D animated film of all time in the United States, and received positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story.
- Na conversão: [Simple Past](received) → [Past Perfect](had received)
- to receive(receber, acolher) = receive / received / received
- Indirect Speech : The Lion King is the highest grossing 2D animated film of all time in the United States, and had received positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story.
(O Rei Leão é o filme de animação 2D de maior bilheteria de todos os tempos nos Estados Unidos, e recebera críticas positivas da crítica, que elogiou o filme por sua música e história.)
4) A alternativa (D) sugere 'The movie has been currently the twenty-eighth highestgrossing feature film.'
- No texto: and it is currently the twenty-eighth highest-grossing feature film..
- Na conversão: [Simple Present](is) → [Simple Past](was).
- Na conversão: currently → that day
- to receive(receber, acolher) = receive / received / received
- Indirect Speech : and it was that day the twenty-eighth highest-grossing feature film.
(e foi naquele dia o vigésimo oitavo filme de maior bilheteria.)
“The Lion King still holds the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history…” (lines 10, 11).
It means that the movie
(A) is the best of all.
(B) even being good, it is also animated.
(C) was partially shot in a traditional way.
(D) was not surpassed by others in its category of animation.
(B) even being good, it is also animated.
(C) was partially shot in a traditional way.
(D) was not surpassed by others in its category of animation.
• ANSWER (D)
- “The Lion King ainda detém o recorde de filme de animação tradicional de maior bilheteria da história ...”.
- Isso significa que o filme...
◼ (A) is the best of all.(é o melhor de todos.)
◼ (A) is the best of all.(é o melhor de todos.)
◼ (B) even being good, it is also animated.(mesmo sendo bom, também é animado.)
◼ (C) was partially shot in a traditional way.(foi parcialmente mostrado de forma tradicional.)
◼ (D) was not surpassed by others in its category of animation.(não foi superado por outros em sua categoria de animação.)
- A questão 11 é sobre relações semânticas entre expressões, procedimentos de coesão e coerência, uso de inferência, pressuposição e subentendido.
- EXPLANATION:
1) A alternativa (A) sugere que o filme...'is the best of all'.
- A expressão 'the highest grossing traditionally animated film'(o filme de animação tradicional de maior bilheteria) não tem a mesma carga semântica da expressão 'is the best of all'.
- 'the highest grossing traditionally animated film' refere-se apenas aos filmes da categoria de animação.
- 'is the best of all'(melhor de todos) é muito mais amplo, ou seja, refere-se ao filmes da categoria de animation, drama, comedy, horror, science fiction, etc, ...all !
2) A alternativa (B) sugere que o filme...'even being good, it is also animated'.
- O texto não faz menção do adjetivo GOOD qualifificando o filme The Lion King.
- Veja os trechos texto:
- The Lion King is a 1994 American animated feature...
- it is the 32nd film in the Walt Disney Animated Classics.
- The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time....
- The Lion King still holds the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history...
- The Lion King is the highest grossing 2D animated film of all time in the United States, and received positive reviews from critics,
- the film grossed more than $783 million worldwide,
- becoming the most successful film released that year,
- and it is currently the twenty-eighth highest-grossing feature film.
3) A alternativa (C) sugere que o filme...'was partially shot in a traditional way'.
- 'traditionally animated film' não tem relação semântica com "in a traditional way".
- 'traditionally' e 'traditional' tem classes gramaticais diferentes.
- O advérbio 'traditionally' modifica o adjetivo 'animated'.
- O adjetivo 'traditional' modifica o substantivo 'way'.
- O texto não faz menção da expressão 'was partially shot' ou expressão similar.
4) A alternativa (D) sugere que o filme...'was not surpassed by others in its category of animation'.
- 'the highest grossing traditionally animated film' e 'was not surpassed by others in its category of animation' são expressões que se relacionam contextualmente, porque se “The Lion King” sustenta um recorde entre outros na categoria de animação, significa dizer que “The Lion King” não foi superado por outros na referida categoria.
12 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
The pronoun “its” (line 15) refers to
(A) critics.
(B) music and story.
(C) the film.
(C) reviews.
(B) music and story.
(C) the film.
(C) reviews.
• ANSWER (???)
- A questão 12 é sobre POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE, não é sobre PRONOUN.
- What is a PRONOUN?
• PRONOUN is one of a class of words that serves to replace a noun phrase that has already been or is about to be mentioned in the sentence or context.(COLLINS DICTIONARY)
• PRONOUN is a word used instead of a noun group for referring to a person, group, or thing that has already been mentioned or that is obvious from the context.(MACMILLAN DICTIONARY)
• We use pronouns in place of nouns and noun phrases.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
- What is a POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE?
- POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE is an adjective such as 'my' or 'your' which shows who or what something belongs to or is connected with.
- Os Possessive Adjectives(adjetivos possessivos) são 'my', 'your', 'his', 'her', 'its', 'our', 'your', 'their'. Os adjetivos possessivos NÃO SUBSTITUEM NADA nada na oração, porque eles não são de fato pronomes, na verdade, eles fazem parte de uma frase nominal.
- Os Possessive Pronouns(Pronomes possessivos) são 'mine', 'yours', 'his', 'hers', 'its', 'ours', 'yours', 'theirs'. Têm como função gramatical substituir algum elemento da sentença tais como substantivos e frases nominais, com objetivo de evitar uma repetição.
- Observe que os pronomes possessivos ficam sozinhos porque eles substituem algum elemento da sentença, enquanto os adjetivos possessivos são sempre anexados a um substantivo para terem seu sentido completo.
- EXPLANATION:
- The pronoun “its” (line 15) refers to
◼ (A) critics.
◼ (B) music and story.
◼ (C) the film.
◼ (D) reviews.
◼ (A) critics.
◼ (B) music and story.
◼ (C) the film.
◼ (D) reviews.
- Vamos ao trecho do texto que contem o adjetivo ITS:
"[...] The Lion King is the highest grossing 2D animated film of all time in the United States, and received positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story."
(O Rei Leão é o filme de animação 2D de maior bilheteria de todos os tempos nos Estados Unidos, e recebeu críticas positivas da crítica, que elogiou o filme por sua música e história.)
- Veja que ITS é um adjetivo possessivo, pois acompanha um substantivo(music and story).
- O gabarito dado é (B). Entretanto, no meu entendimento, a questão 12 poderia ser ANULADA por 02(dois) motivos:
1º) O ITS não é pronome, na verdade é um adjetivo, ou seja, adjetivo possessivo.
2º) O ITS , no contexto, não se refere a nada, e sim apenas acompanha o substantivo indicando uma posse.
➧ TEXT: Read the fragment about traditional religions in Africa and answer questions 13 to 16.
Religion ________ central to people's lives in Africa.
Although the majority of Africans are now Muslim or Christian, traditional religions have endured and still play a big role. Religion runs like a thread through daily life, marked by prayers of gratitude in times of plenty and prayers of supplication in times of need. Religion confirms identity on the individual and the group.http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica
GLOSSARY:Endure – to continue to exist for a long time
Thread – one part connecting with another
13 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
Mark the alternative that completes the gap from the text correctly.
(A) has always been
(B) had never been
(C) wasn’t
(D) will be
(C) wasn’t
(D) will be
• ANSWER (A)
- Marque a alternativa que completa a lacuna do texto corretamente.
◼ (A) has always been
◼ (B) had never been
◼ (C) wasn’t
◼ (D) will be
◼ (C) wasn’t
◼ (D) will be
• ANSWER (A)
- A questão 11 é sobre usos do verbo, tempo contextual.
- A palavra chave do texto aqui é a RELIGIÃO DOS POVOS AFRICANOS.
- O texto ressalta que:
• o tema Religião é fundamental para a vida das pessoas na África,
• as religiões tradicionais perduraram e ainda desempenham um grande papel e
• faz uma analogia que ela corre como um fio na vida diária.
- Perceba que o evento RELIGIÃO , no contexto, é algo que começou no passado e ainda é verdade no presente. Portanto o tempo verbal que faz coesão com o tempo contextual dado é o PRESENT PERFECT.
14 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
(A) But
(B) However
(C) As long as
(D) Even though
(C) As long as
(D) Even though
• ANSWER (D)
◼ (A) But
◼ (B) However
◼ (C) As long as
◼ (D) Even though
◼ (C) As long as
◼ (D) Even though
- EXPLANATION:
1) Although and though both mean ‘in spite of something’. They are subordinating conjunctions. This means that the clause which they introduce is a subordinate clause, which needs a main clause to make it complete.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
2) Spoken English: Though is more common than Although in general and it is much more common than although in speaking. For emphasis, we often use even with though (but not with although).(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
3) Especially in speaking, we can use though (but not although or even though) with a meaning similar to however or nevertheless. In these cases, we usually put it at the end of a clause:(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
- A: It’s expensive.
- B: It’s nice, though[however or nevertheless].
- A: Yeah, I think I’ll buy it.
4) When the although/though clause comes after a main clause, it can also mean ‘but it is also true that'.
- Karen is coming to stay next week although[but] I’m not sure what day she is coming.
(Karen vem para ficar na próxima semana, embora eu não tenha certeza de que dia ela virá.)
5) We use as long as to refer to the intended duration of a plan or idea, most commonly referring to the future. We always use the present simple to refer to the future after as long as:(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
- We are very happy for you to stay at our house as long as you like.(Ficamos muito felizes por você ficar em nossa casa o tempo que quiser.)
6) as long as (COLLINS DICTIONARY)
a. for or during just the length of time that,
b. inasmuch as; since,
c. provided that; if.
7) Trecho do texto:
"[...] Religion has always been central to people's lives in Africa. Although[in spite of, even though] the majority of Africans are now Muslim or Christian, traditional religions have endured and still play a big role."(A religião sempre tem sido fundamental para a vida das pessoas na África. Apesar da maioria dos africanos agora ser muçulmana ou cristã, as religiões tradicionais perduraram e ainda desempenham um grande papel.)
15 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
Mark the correct option to complete the passage.
The last sentence of the paragraph means that identity on the individual and the group _______ by religion.
(A) confirms
(B) confirmed
(C) is confirmed
(D) was confirmed
(C) is confirmed
(D) was confirmed
• ANSWER (C)
Marque a opção correta para completar a passagem.
The last sentence of the paragraph means that identity on the individual and the group _______ by religion.
◼ (A) confirms
The last sentence of the paragraph means that identity on the individual and the group _______ by religion.
◼ (A) confirms
◼ (B) confirmed
◼ (C) is confirmed
◼ (D) was confirmed
◼ (C) is confirmed
◼ (D) was confirmed
- A questão 15 trata-se de uma sentença que deve ser transformada da voz ativa para a voz passiva.
- Religion confirms identity on the individual and the group.
• [main verb] = confirms (is in the active voice)
• [main verb tense ] = 'present simple'
• [past perfect of main verb] = confirmed
• [passive voice] = [to be in 'present simple'] + [past perfect of main verb]
• that identity on the individual and the group is confirmed by religion.(is in the passive voice)
• essa identidade do indivíduo e do grupo é confirmada pela religião.
After reading the text, mark the INCORRECT statement about religion in Africa.
(A) Religion is part of people’s lives.
(B) People pray to thank and to ask for help.
(C) It identifies both individuals and their communities.
(D) People’s life includes religion because of the variety of its beliefs.
• ANSWER (D)
- Depois de ler o texto, marque a declaração INCORRETA sobre religião na África.
◼ (A) Religion is part of people’s lives.(A religião faz parte da vida das pessoas.)
◼ (A) Religion is part of people’s lives.(A religião faz parte da vida das pessoas.)
◼ (B) People pray to thank and to ask for help.(As pessoas oram para agradecer e pedir ajuda.)
◼ (C) It identifies both individuals and their communities.(Ele identifica os indivíduos e suas comunidades.)
◼ (D) People’s life includes religion because of the variety of its beliefs.(A vida das pessoas inclui a religião devido à variedade de suas crenças.)
- A questão 16 é sobre relações semânticas entre partes do texto, expressão semanticamente equivalente a outra, procedimentos de coesão e coerência, conhecimento lexical.
- EXPLANATION:
1) A alternativa (A) sugere que 'Religion is part of people’s lives.'
- No texto: Religion has always been central to people's lives
in Africa.
- Declaração correta.
2) A alternativa (B) sugere que 'People pray to thank and to ask for help.'
- No texto: marked by prayers of gratitude in times of plenty and prayers of supplication in times of need.
- Declaração correta.
3) A alternativa (C) sugere que 'It identifies both individuals and their communities.'
- No texto: Religion confirms identity on the individual and the group.
- Declaração correta.
4) A alternativa (D) sugere que 'People’s life includes religion because of the variety of its beliefs.'
- No texto: Religion has always been central to people's lives
in Africa.
- O texto não afirma que a vida das pessoas inclui a religião devido à variedade de suas crenças.
- O texto afirma que 'Religion runs like a thread through daily life' , ou seja, a vida das pessoas inclui a religião devido o fato de que a religião corre como um fio na vida diária do povo africano.
➧ TEXT:
Did you know?
... some interesting facts about African Wildlife
Butterfly
Having a wingspan of only 1/2”, the smallest butterfly in the world is found in South Africa. It is known as the Dwarf Blue Butterfly.
Chameleons
Madagascar is the home of the world’s _______ as well as the ______ chameleons!
Elephants
The African elephant is the largest living land mammal.
An elephant can weigh up to 6-7 tons and has no natural enemies for he is not a predator and there is no other animal large enough to challenge him.
Did you know elephants drink up to 160 liters of water per day?
An African elephant possesses such “manual” dexterity in his/her trunk tip that he/she can actually turn the pages of a book with it.
Fish
The only place are found is in Lake Tanganyika.
Giraffes
Did you know that the tongue of a giraffe can be _______ 45 cm? Giraffes are 6 ft tall when they are born.
Penguins
South Africa has a penguin colony, which thrives thanks to the cold Antarctic currents on the west coast near the Cape.
Adapted from Google/ The African Guide
GLOSSARY:Dexterity – the ability to perform a difficult action quickly with the hands.
Trunk – an elephant’s nose.
17 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
the blanks, respectively.
(A) smaller than – big – less bigger
(B) larger than – the bigger – faster than
(C) largest – the smallest – as long as
(D) as small as – largest – the fastest
• ANSWER (C)
- A questão 17 é sobre o uso contextual de Comparativo e Superlativo, procedimentos de coesão e coerência, conhecimento lexical.
◼ (A) smaller than – big – less bigger
◼ (B) larger than – the bigger – faster than
◼ (C) largest – the smallest – as long as
◼ (D) as small as – largest – the fastest
◼ (C) largest – the smallest – as long as
◼ (D) as small as – largest – the fastest
➧1ª e 2ª lacunas:
• "Madagascar is the home of the world’s _______ as well as the ______ chameleons!"
- A IDEIA CONTEXTUAL(1ª e 2 lacunas) é:
- Madagascar é o lar dos MAIORES bem como dos MENORES camaleões do mundo.
- Portanto os adjetivos nas lacunas deverão estar na forma de SUPERLATIVO(largest – the smallest), uma vez que se está graduando o tamanho dos camaleões da África em relação ao mundo.
• "Madagascar is the home of the world’s largest as well as the smallest chameleons!"
- 3ª lacuna: "Did you know that the tongue of a giraffe can be _______ 45 cm?"
- A IDEIA CONTEXTUAL na 3ª lacuna é: uma comparação no
grau de igualdade, já que estamos graduando, comparando e igualando o tamanho da língua da girafa africana com uma medida.• "Did you know that the tongue of a giraffe can be as long as 45 cm?"
(Você sabia que a língua de uma girafa pode ter até 45 cm?)
18 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
Read it and then choose the alternative to complete the gap.
Fish
The only place _______ are found is in Lake Tanganyika.
(A) what shoals of fresh water sardines
(B) where shoals of fresh water sardines
(C) when shoals of fresh water sardines
(D) Ø shoals of fresh water sardines
Ø – Omission
• ANSWER (B)
◼ (A) what shoals of fresh water sardines
◼ (A) what shoals of fresh water sardines
◼ (B) where shoals of fresh water sardines
◼ (C) when shoals of fresh water sardines
◼ (D) Ø shoals of fresh water sardines
◼ (C) when shoals of fresh water sardines
◼ (D) Ø shoals of fresh water sardines
➧FRAGMENTO CONTEXTUAL:
The only place _______ are found is in Lake Tanganyika.
• Como o substantivo que antecede o pronome é um local, o pronome correto para este caso é pronome relativo WHERE e não o pronome interrogativo WHAT.
➧LACUNA PREENCHIDA:
"The only place where shoals of fresh water sardines are found is in Lake Tanganyika."
(O único local onde se encontram cardumes de sardinhas de água doce é no Lago Tanganica.)
19 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
"the smallest butterfly in the world is found in South Africa."
in the Active Voice becomes
(A) “People would find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.”
(B) “People found the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.”
(C) “People find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.”
(D) “People are going to find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.”
• ANSWER (C)
- A questão 19 objetiva converter VOZ PASSIVA para o VOZ ATIVA .
◼ (A) “People would find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.”
◼ (B) “People found the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.”
◼ (C) “People find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.”
◼ (D) “Peopleare going to find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.”
◼ (C) “People find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.”
◼ (D) “People
➧FRAGMENTO CONTEXTUAL:
"the smallest butterfly in the world is found in South Africa."
➧TEMPO VERBAL CONTEXTUAL no SIMPLE PRESENT(is).
➧REGRAS NA CONVERSÃO:
➧REGRAS NA CONVERSÃO:
*o SUJEITO na voz passiva é o OBJETO na voz ativa;
*O tempo verbal contextual é o mesmo tempo do verbo TO BE.
➧Na VOZ ATIVA: o tempo contextual é mantido, ou seja, no SIMPLE PRESENT(find):
"People find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa."
(As pessoas encontram a menor borboleta do mundo na África do Sul.)
20 – (AFA-CFO-2010/2011)
"…he/she can actually turn the pages of a book with it."
means that an African elephant
(A) is able to turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip.
(B) must turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip.
(C) may hardly turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip.
(D) might accidentally turn some pages of books with his/her trunk tip.
• ANSWER (A)
- The sentence "…he/she can actually turn the pages of a book with it." means that an African elephant
◼ (A) is able to turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip.
◼ (B)must turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip.
◼ (C) mayhardly turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip.
◼ (D) mightaccidentally turn some pages of books with his/her trunk tip.
◼ (A) is able to turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip.
◼ (B)
◼ (C) may
◼ (D) might
- A questão 20 é sobre o uso dos verbos modais de acordo com a semântica que eles possuem, expressão semanticamente equivalente a outra, procedimentos de coesão e coerência, conhecimento lexical.
• Habilidade, capacidade (can, could, may, might)
• Probabilidade (could, may, might, must, can’t)
• Permissão ou solicitação formal (may, would)
• Permissão ou solicitação informal (can, could)
• Obrigação, necessidade, proibição (must, have to)
• Conselho (should, ought to)
- FRAGMENTO CONTEXTUAL(Situação contextual de ABILITY):
• "…he/she can actually turn the pages of a book with it."
(ele/ela pode virar as páginas de um livro com a trompa.)
• can actually turn e is able to turn são estruturas semanticamente equivalentes.
- Be able to is like can. We use it to talk about abilities. We often use it in places where it is not possible to use can. For example, it isn’t possible to use can after another modal verb.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
• She won’t be able to concentrate.
• Not: She won’t can concentrate.
- Be able to is a more formal alternative to can.(CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY)
• I'm very sorry but I'm not able to give you that information.(formal)
• I cannot give you that information.(less formal)
- Portanto, se o candidato está munido de informações GRAMATICAIS e SEMÂNTICAS PRECISAS, ele resolverá de imediato a questão, marcando o gabarito (A).
- "…he/she can actually turn the pages of a book with it."(less formal)
- "…he/she is able to turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip."(formal)
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