FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO-LÍNGUA INGLESA-CONCURSO DA CIA. DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO DE MINAS GERAIS - PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO, aplicação em 20/12/2015.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: FGV - PROJETOS - https://fgvprojetos.fgv.br/

➧ GABARITO:

01-E, 02-C, 03-A, 04-D, 05-A

06-B, 07-A, 08-C, 09-E, 10-D

11-C, 12-C, 13-B, 14-E, 15-D

➧ TEXT 1:

http://www.freeimages.com/photo/ouro-preto-1170501

Mining Tourism in Ouro Preto

Ouro Preto is surrounded by a rich and varied natural environment with waterfalls, hiking trails and native vegetation partially protected as state parks. Parts of these resources are used for tourism. Paradoxically, this ecosystem contrasts with the human occupation of the region that produced, after centuries, a rich history and a cultural connection to mining, its oldest economic activity which triggered occupation. The region has an unlimited potential for tourism, especially in specific segments such as mining heritage tourism, in association or not with the existing ecotourism market. In fact, in Ouro Preto, tourism, history, geology and mining are often hard to distinguish; such is the inter-relationship between these segments.

For centuries, a major problem of mining has been the reuse of the affected areas. Modern mining projects proposed solutions to this problem right from the initial stages of operation, which did not happen until recently. As a result, most quarries and other old mining areas that do not have an appropriate destination represent serious environmental problems. Mining tourism utilizing exhausted mines is a source of employment and income. Tourism activities may even contribute to the recovery of degraded areas in various ways, such as reforestation for leisure purposes, or their transformation into history museums where aspects of local mining are interpreted.

Minas Gerais, and particularly Ouro Preto, provides the strong and rich cultural and historical content needed for the transformation of mining remnants into attractive tourism products, especially when combined with the existing cultural tourism of the region. Although mining tourism is explored in various parts of the world in extremely different social, economic, cultural and natural contexts, in Brazil it is still not a strategy readily adopted as an alternative for areas affected by mining activities.

(Lohmann, G. M.; Flecha, A. C.; Knupp, M. E. C. G.; Liccardo, A. (2011). Mining tourism in Ouro Preto, Brazil: opportunities and challenges. In: M. V. Conlin; L. Jolliffe (eds). Mining heritage and tourism: a global synthesis. New York: Routledge, pp. 194-202.)

01 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

Mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) according to Text 1.

(  ) Tourism may actually be quite beneficial to some degraded mining areas.
(  ) Mining tourism has recently been promptly embraced by Brazilian regions.
(  ) Ouro Preto is attracting people because mining is one of its most recent activities.

The correct sequence is:

(A) F – T – T;
(B) F – F – T;
(C) F – T – F;
(D) T – T – F;
(E) T – F – F.

02 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

Text 1 refers to "hiking trails"(l.2),

which are primarily intended for:

(A) cycling;
(B) skating;
(C) walking;
(D) driving;
(E) shooting.

*Vê RESOLUÇÃO DA QUESTÃO 02.

03 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

The opposite of the underlined word in

"are often hard to distinguish" (l. 11)

is:

(A) seldom;
(B) always;
(C) at times;
(D) generally;
(E) frequently.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
O OPOSTO da palavra sublinhada em "are often hard to distinguish"(muitas vezes é difícil de distinguir) é:
(A) seldom(raramente);
(B) always(sempre);
(C) at times(às vezes);
(D) generally(geralmente);
(E) frequently(freqüentemente).

04 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

The problem referred to in

"solutions to this problem"(l. 14-15)

is:

(A) using old machinery;
(B) cleaning the environment;
(C) opening new digging sites;
(D) reclaiming damaged areas;
(E) digging in unsuitable places.

05 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

 
The sentence that best explains

"Mining tourism utilizing exhausted mines is a source of employment and income."(l. 18-19)

is:

(A) wasted mines can generate jobs and money;
(B) tourism is supported by miners and their families;
(C) visiting wasted mines can drain the energy of tourists;
(D) using damaged mines for tourism may be rather unsafe;
(E) mining tourism deprives people of their work and resources.

06 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

The phrase "As a result" (l. 16)

can be replaced by:

(A) Yet;
(B) Hence;
(C) Though;
(D) Anyhow;
(E) However.

➧ TEXT 2:

Innovation is the new key to survival

[…]

At its most basic, innovation presents an optimal strategy for controlling costs. Companies that have invested in such technologies as remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains have reduced expenses by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously driving up productivity.

Yet, gazing towards the horizon, it is rapidly becoming clear that innovation can do much more than reduce capital intensity.
Approached strategically, it also has the power to reduce people and energy intensity, while increasing mining intensity.

Capturing the learnings

The key is to think of innovation as much more than research and development (R&D) around particular processes or technologies. Companies can, in fact, innovate in multiple ways, such as leveraging supplier knowledge around specific operational challenges, redefining their participation in the energy value chain or finding new ways to engage and partner with major stakeholders and constituencies.

To reap these rewards, however, mining companies must overcome their traditionally conservative tendencies. In many cases, miners struggle to adopt technologies proven to work at other mining companies, let alone those from other industries. As a result, innovation becomes less of a technology problem and more of an adoption problem.

By breaking this mindset, mining companies can free themselves to adapt practical applications that already exist in other industries and apply them to fit their current needs. For instance, the tunnel boring machines used by civil engineers to excavate the Chunnel can vastly reduce miners’ reliance on explosives. Until recently, those machines were too large to apply in a mining setting. Some innovators, however, are now incorporating the underlying technology to build smaller machines—effectively adapting mature solutions from other industries to realize more rapid results.

Re-imagining the future

At the same time, innovation mandates companies to think in entirely new ways. Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting higher grades and achieving faster throughput by optimizing the pit, schedule, product mix and logistics. A truly innovative mindset, however, will see them adopt an entirely new design paradigm that leverages new information, mining and energy technologies to maximize value. […]

Approached in this way, innovation can drive more than cost reduction. It can help mining companies mitigate and manage risks, strengthen business models and foster more effective community and government relations. It can help mining services companies enhance their value to the industry by developing new products and services. Longer-term, it can even position organizations to move the needle on such endemic issues as corporate social responsibility, environmental performance and sustainability.

(http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ru/Document s/energy-resources/ru_er_tracking_the_trends_2015_eng.pdf)

07 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

When companies invest in “remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains” (l. 3-4), it is clear that their goal is to:

(A) downsize the pay roll;
(B) decrease the speed of extraction;
(C) learn more technological strategies;
(D) buy machines which require man-power;
(E) spend more in equipment maintenance.

08 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

The fragment "To reap these rewards" (l. 17)

means to:

(A) maintain old practices;
(B) get unexpected results;
(C) achieve desired benefits;
(D) offer better job conditions;
(E) win international competitions.

09 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

The verb "reduce" in

"reduce capital intensity" (l.7)

has the same meaning as:

(A) cut in;
(B) cut off;
(C) cut out;
(D) cut loose;
(E) cut back on.
Gabarito (E):
*O item (A) é incorreto, pois "cut in" pode ser "jump the line"(cortar fila) ou "to interrupt the conversation"(cortar ou interromper a fala de alguém).
*O item (B) é incorreto, pois "cut off" tem sentido literal de cortar algo "Why did you cut off all your hair...the tree branch?" e tem sentido figurado de cortar financiamento "Why did you cut off our funding?",cortar alguém no trânsito "That taxi cut me off on the highway.",desconectar um serviço "All contact was cut off."
*O item (C) é incorreto, pois "cut out" tem sentido figurado de excluir/parar com algo "I cut out eating ice cream...using Cable TV."
*O item (D) é incorreto, pois "cut loose" tem sentido figurado de se livrar de algo ou alguém,if a person or organization cuts loose, they separate themselves from another person or organization."Jenny cut loose from her sponsors and decided to try to fund herself instead.".
*O item (E) é CORRETO, pois "cut back on" means "REDUCE expenditure"(diminuir despesa),"The government has decided to cut back on spending on the armed forces.".

10 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

The word "them" in

"apply them to fit" (l.25)

refers to:

(A) current needs;
(B) other industries;
(C) mining companies;
(D) practical applications;
(E) tunnel boring machines.

11 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

"For instance" in

"Traditionally, for instance, miners have 

focused on extracting" (l. 34-35)

is used to:

(A) justify;
(B) explain;
(C) exemplify;
(D) enumerate;
(E) summarize.

➧ TEXT 3:

Sustainable mining – oxymoron or a way of the future?

Mining is an activity that has persisted since the start of humans using tools. However, one might argue that digging a big hole in the ground and selling the finite resources that come out of that hole is not sustainable, especially when the digging involves the use of other finite resources (i.e. fuels) and produces a lot of greenhouse gases.

The counter argument could go along the lines that minerals are not being lost or destroyed through mining and mineral processing – the elements are being shifted around, and converted into new forms. Metals can even be extracted from waste, seawater or even sewage, and recycled. But a more simple argument is possible: a mine can be sustainable if it is economically, socially and environmentally beneficial in the short and long term. To be sustainable, the positive benefits of mining should outweigh any negative impacts. […]
Social positives are often associated with mines in regional areas, such as providing better amenities in a nearby town, or providing employment (an economic and social positive). Social negatives can also occur, such as dust, noise, traffic and visual amenity.

These are commonly debated and, whilst sometimes controversial, can be managed with sufficient corporate commitment, stakeholder engagement, and enough time to work through the issues. Time is the key parameter - it may take several years for a respectful process of community input, but as long as it is possible for social negatives to be outweighed by social positives, then the project will be socially sustainable.

It is most likely that a mine development will have some environmental negatives, such as direct impacts on flora and fauna through clearing of vegetation and habitat within the mine footprint. Some mines will have impacts which extend beyond the mine site, such as disruption to groundwater, production of silt and disposal of waste. Certainly these impacts will need to be managed throughout the mine life, along with robust rehabilitation and closure planning. […]

The real turning point will come when mining companies go beyond environmental compliance to create ‘heritage projects’ that can enhance the environmental or social benefits in a substantial way – by more than the environmental offsets needed just to make up for the negatives created by the mine. In order to foster these innovative mining heritage projects we need to promote ‘sustainability assessments’ - not just ‘environmental assessments’. This will lead to a more mature appreciation of the whole system whereby the economic and social factors, as well as environmental factors, are considered in a holistic manner.
(adapted from https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/westernaustralia-division/sustainable-mining-oxymoron-or-way-future. Retrieved on August 10, 2015)

12 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

As regards the content of Text 3, analyse the assertions below:

I - It is well-known that the resources extracted from mines are endless.
II - The social negative impacts of mining may be minimized as time goes by.
III - Sustainable assessment has a wider field of action than environmental assessment.
IV - There is agreement that negative impacts of mining are restricted to the site.

The correct sentences are only:

(A) I and II;
(B) I and IV;
(C) II and III;
(D) II and IV;
(E) III and IV.

13 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

The title suggests that the expression "sustainable mining" may:

(A) imply anger;
(B) be contradictory;
(C) sound repetitive;
(D) reveal impatience;
(E) seem rather boring.

Gabarito (B):

14 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

When Text 3 informs that elements can be "shifted around"(l.9),

it means they can be:

(A) discarded from the mining pit;
(B) maintained in the same setting;
(C) unearthed from the digging site;
(D) stabilized into different elements;
(E) moved from one place to another.

Gabarito (E):

15 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

The excerpt "one might argue"(l.2) expresses:

(A) denial;
(B) advice;
(C) ability;
(D) possibility;
(E) improbability.

Gabarito (D):
"Innovation is the new key to survival"

"A inovação é a chave nova para a sobrevivência"

👉QUESTION 22:[a]
When companies invest in "remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains"(l.3-4), it is clear that their goal is to...Quando as empresas investem em "mineração remota, equipamentos autônomos e trens e caminhões automáticos"(l.3-4), é claro que seu objetivo é:
(A) downsize the pay roll...REDUZIR a folha de pagamento;
*trechos do texto que defende a redução de custos:
*"At its most basic, innovation presents an optimal strategy for controlling costs. Companies that have invested in such technologies as remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains have reduced expenses by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously driving up productivity...Na sua forma mais básica, a inovação APRESENTA uma estratégia ótima para o controle de custos. As empresas que investiram em tecnologias como mineração remota, equipamentos autônomos e trens e caminhões sem motoristas, REDUZIRAM as despesas por ordens de grandeza, ao mesmo tempo em que AUMENTARAM a produtividade"
(B) decrease the speed of extraction...DIMINUIR a velocidade de extração;
*decrease=reduce(diminuir)
(C) learn more technological strategies...APRENDER mais estratégias tecnológicas;
(D) buy machines which require man-power...COMPRAR máquinas que exigem MÃO DE OBRA.
*man-power=mão-de-obra
(E) spend more in equipment maintenance...GASTAR mais em manutenção de equipamentos.
👉QUESTION 23:[c]
The fragment "To reap these rewards" (l.17) means to...O fragmento "Para COLHER estas recompensas" significa
(A) maintain old practices...MANTER práticas antigas;
(B) get unexpected results...OBTER resultados inesperados;
(C) achieve desired benefits...ALCANÇAR benefícios desejados;
(D) offer better job conditions...OFERECER melhores condições de trabalho;
(E) win international competitions...VENCER competições internacionais.
👉QUESTION 24:[e]
The verb "reduce" in "reduce capital intensity"(l. 7) has the same meaning as...O verbo "reduzir" em "reduzir a intensidade de capital" (l. 7) tem o mesmo significado que:
(A) cut in;
*cut in=pode ser "interromper alguém falando", "furar fila","dar uma fechada de carro".
(B) cut off;
*Cut off pode ser usado no sentido literal de "cortar", mas também no sentido figurado, como cortar um financiamento ou cortar alguém no trânsito.
(C) cut out;
*cut out,pode ser usado num sentido literal: cortar. Cut out também é usado no sentido figurado:excluir.
(D) cut loose;
*cut loose:Libertar-se,afastar-se de um grupo ou influência.
*loose:folgado,livre,frouxo
*loose é o oposto de tight(apertado,estreito,justo)
(E) cut back on.
*cut back on:reduzir despesas ou a quantidade de algo.
👉QUESTION 25:[d]
The word "them" in "apply them to fit" (l.25) refers to:
(A) current needs;
(B) other industries;
(C) mining companies;
(D) practical applications;
(E) tunnel boring machines.
👉QUESTION 26:[c]
"For instance" in "Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting"(l.34-35) is used to..."Por exemplo" em "Tradicionalmente, por exemplo, os mineiros se concentraram na extração "(l.34-35) é usado para:
(A) justify;
*justify:justificar,esclarecer(clarify)
(B) explain;
*explain=explicar,
(C) exemplify;
*exemplify=exemplificar,ilustrar(illustrate)
(D) enumerate;
*enumerate=enumerar
(E) summarize.
*summarize=resumir,sumariar